CN100398879C - 高速车辆的机械液压变速器电子控制系统 - Google Patents
高速车辆的机械液压变速器电子控制系统 Download PDFInfo
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
- F16H61/40—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
- F16H61/42—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic involving adjustment of a pump or motor with adjustable output or capacity
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
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- B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
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- F16H61/40—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
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- F16H61/462—Automatic regulation in accordance with output requirements for achieving a target speed ratio
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- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
- F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
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Abstract
本发明提供一种变速器电子控制系统,其可根据驾驶员的输入和当前车辆操作状态而达到变速器传动比。该变速器使发动机与负载作固定连接而变速器传动比只会按本发明指令的改变才变化。该变速器的机械功能仅仅在于变化输入和输出的比率。当使用本发明时,驾驶员一定要用一个双位开关来选择自动或手动操作模式。当在自动模式时,本发明通过考虑油门位置及驾驶员对制动器的使用确定车速。在手动操作模式时,本发明则进一步考虑驾驶员选择的排挡条件。
Description
(1)技术领域
本申请是基于申请人在二零零二年七月十八日所提出的申请号为60/396,653的临时申请。
本发明一般涉及机械液压变速器,更具体地说,涉及机械液压式变速器电子控制系统。
(2)背景技术
人们业已研制成车辆机械液压变速装置(HMTs)以取代传统的自动皮带传动变速箱。具体地说,以研制成的HMTs供全地形越野车辆(ATVs)使用。HMTs的优点包括功率容量大、使用寿命长和保护环境免受破坏。即使HMTs的实施和功能跟传统的自动皮带驱动装置非常不同,但消费者还是比较喜欢驾驶车辆感到好象是传统的皮带驱动装置而仍有HMTs的优点。
传统的皮带传动变速器使用离心式离合器或打滑式安全皮带使车辆由静止平稳地加速。可是,平稳的起动条件对于HMTs是非常困难的。
HMTs的另一缺点是不能对动态的行车环境作出迅速反应。ATVs的变速范围很宽,从慢行速度到快达每小时90公里。另外,ATVs用于多种功能的车辆,从赛车到装载量大的拖挂车。还有,ATVs时常用于各种不同的路面。HMTs往往难以对这些因素作出迅速反应,从而使车辆行驶比传统皮带驱动装置更令人难受。HMTs还有另一个缺点是不能对驾驶员控制的制动系统作出反应。通常,HMTs提供非常少的动态制动性能,为此在车辆减速时必须防止超速。
(3)发明内容
所以,本发明首要的目的是为HMTs提供一电子控制系统以创造平稳的起动条件。
本发明其次的目的是为HMTs提供一电子控制系统以便对动态行车环境作出较迅速反应。
本发明再一目的是为HMTs提供一电子控制系统以便对驾驶员控制的制动系统作出更快反应。
这些和其余的目的对于本领域的技术人员是显而易见的。
本发明包括一变速电子控制系统,用于根据驾驶员的输入和当前车辆运行状态而达到一传动比。本发明供HMTs之用;然而,本发明也可以用于纯粹液压传动装置或任何其他提供从零到最大输出速度的无级变速传动比。
因为本发明能够提供平稳起动条件,故而本发明最适合用于动态操作条件。具体地说,本发明对负载和操作特性的快变化作出迅速反应。另外,本发明最适合用于高速车辆。本发明打算用于ATVs;然而,本发明也可以用于其他类型的大和小的车辆。
在使用于传动比受控的HMTs的本发明优化的配置中,变速器经常把发动机连接到负载而变速器传动比只会因电子控制系统指令的改变才变化。变速器的机械功能只是变化输入和输出的比率。这与传统的变速器不同,其利用扭矩或负载传感器,例如打滑式安全皮带、离心式离合器、调压式离合器或扭力变换器来达到平稳起动条件。当使用本发明时,驾驶员一定要用一个双位开关来选择自动或手动操作模式。当在自动模式时,本发明籍由考虑油门的位置和驾驶员对制动器的使用来判断车辆的速度。在手动操作模式时,本发明还进一步考虑驾驶员选择的排挡条件。两个操作模式都需要驾驶员选择一种变速箱变挡状态,例如前进低挡、前进高挡、倒挡、空挡或停放车辆。
(4)附图说明
图1是本发明的整个系统示意图;
图2是表明旋转斜盘位置控制、选定点计算和发动机负载监控的较详细示意图;
图3是说明自动模式的示意图;
图4是说明手动操作模式的示意图;和
图5是以选定点相对发动机指令绘制的手动操作模式的起动曲线图。
(5)具体实施方式
参照图1,本发明公开一变速电子器控制系统10,其能根据驾驶员的输入和当前车辆运行状态来达到变速器传动比。该变速器电子器控制系统10是用来控制把车辆发动机14连接到车轮16的HMTs 12。
HMTs 12包括一籍由封闭回路22连接到电动机20的泵18。使泵18与由传动齿轮26所带动的被动齿轮24相连接,而传动齿轮与曲轴28连接。电动机20与齿轮30连接,而齿轮30与行星齿轮组32连接以驱动车轮16。
叙述控制系统10中所用的专门名词说明汇编如下:
自动模式:电子控制系统自动地调整变速器传动比。
制动指令:感受驾驶员制动指令位置(通常是一杆或脚踏板)。
受指令的发动机速度:已转换成RPMs的油门位置。这是一没有发动机负载的近似特性曲线。
现时行发动机速度:实际测得的发动机速度。
发动机负载监控:在负载的条件下减少旋转斜盘指令的控制系统程序块。
排挡指令:在手动操作模式中驾驶员所选择的排挡。
手动操作模式:电子控制系统根据排挡指令而调整变速器传动比。模拟一具有一系列独立传动比的变速器。
选定点计算程序块(SPCB):计算要求的旋转斜盘选定点的控制系统程序块。
旋转斜盘选定点:由SPCB来确定的经计算且要求的旋转斜盘位置。
油门位置:感受驾驶员指令的油门位置(通常是一杆或脚踏板)。
车辆状态:车辆正在加速或减速。
车速:已测得的车辆速度。
本控制系统10有两个操作模式:自动操作34和手动操作36。驾驶员用一个双位开关(图中未示)选择操作模式。
参照图3,其显示了自动操作模式34。在自动模式34,驾驶员调节油门位置38来达到要求的发动机速度指令40。另外,驾驶员可以运用车辆制动器指令42来减速或完全把车辆停下。另外,驾驶员调整排挡选择控制器44来选择变速箱46的变挡状态,包括高挡向前、低挡向前、倒挡、空挡和停放车辆(图1)。该变速箱46还可以包括低挡倒车和高挡倒车的状态。倒挡慢行状态可以籍由使旋转斜盘前后往复运动再进入冲程来完成。
这电子控制元件48(图1)接受驾驶员的输入,然后利用输入确定一变速器传动比。具体地说,油门位置38先转换成数码或电信号,然后通过油门位置与预计无负载发动机RPM作比较,使油门位置转化成指令的发动机速度40。该电子控制元件48确定油门位置38,然后估计在没有负载的条件下的发动机速度。油门位置38与预计没有负载的发动机RPM之间关系通常是非线性的,而这关系是由位置对RPM曲线软件组件50(图2)来定义的。除上述的制动器指令42之外,电子控制元件48也考虑车速52。
该电子控制元件48包括一接受指令的发动机速度40、制动器指令42以及作为输入的车速52的选定点计算程序块(SPCB)54。这SPCB 54决定车辆状态56是正在加速或减速。根据车辆状态56,SPCB 54利用一个演算法58(图2所示)计算旋转斜盘选定点60。不论正处于加速或减速的状态56,旋转斜盘选定点60都能通过在SPCB 54内的动态时标斜面来修正。
如果SPCB 54判断车辆状态56正在加速,电子控制元件48就同时用旋转斜盘位置控制器62来确定旋转斜盘选定点60。该旋转斜盘位置控制器62利用旋转斜盘选定点60和实际的旋转斜盘位置64产生一旋转斜盘控制66的信号,而这信号提供旋转斜盘位置的闭合回路反馈。旋转斜盘位置控制器62利用发动机速度68和制动器指令42作为输入与指令发动机速度对旋转斜盘选定点曲线图作出比较。当使用制动器时,制动器指令42超越所要求的旋转斜盘选定点60使车速减慢。
如果SPCB 54判定车辆状态56正在减速,旋转斜盘选定点60是根据实际的车速52。在这种情况下,使用车速对旋转斜盘选定点曲线图。当使用制动器时,制动器指令42超越所要求的旋转斜盘选定点60使车速减慢。
该电子控制元件48还包括一发动机负载监控器(ELM 70)。ELM 70以指令的发动机速度40、现行发动机速度68和车速52作为输入来判断发动机负载状况。假使过载,ELM 70的输出就会减少原始状态的选定点60。在重新加速时ELM 70还作降速变换。因为ELM 70,现行发动机速度68会随着车速52而增大。这样就产生了驾驶员对车辆所想要的感觉,从而感觉列车速52正随着现行发动机速度68的增大而加快。
参照图4,其显示了手动操作模式36的操作。与自动模式相类似,驾驶员调整油门位置38达到所要求的指令发动机速度40。另外,驾驶员可以运用车辆制动器指令42来减速或完全把车辆停下。而且,驾驶员可调整排挡选择控制器44来选择变速箱46的排挡状态,包括高挡向前、低挡向前、倒挡、空挡和停放车辆(图1)。在手动操作模式中,驾驶员调整排挡指令72来限制或选定传动比。通常有4至6模拟传动比,驾驶员可以从中选择换挡加速74或换挡减速76(图2)。
至于自动模式,SPCB 54利用指令发动机速度40、制动器指令42和车速52作为输入。在手动操作模式,SPCB 54还以排挡指令72作为输入。该SPCB54判断车辆状态56是在加速或减速。根据车辆状态56,SPCB 54利用一个演算法58(图2)计算旋转斜盘选定点60。不论车辆在加速或减速的状态56,旋转斜盘选定点60都能通过在SPCB 54内的动态时标斜面来修正。
如果SPCB 54判断车辆状态56正在加速,该电子控制元件48利用发动机速度68、制动器指令42和排挡指令72来计算旋转斜盘选定点60。在这种情况下,使用指令发动机速度对旋转斜盘选定点曲线图。当使用制动器,制动器指令42超越所要求的旋转斜盘选定点60,从而限制了最高的变速器传动比和车速。
如果SPCB 54判断车辆状态56正在减速,该电子控制元件48利用实际的车速52和排挡指令72来计算旋转斜盘选定点60。在这种情况下,使用车速对旋转斜盘选定点曲线图。当使用制动器,制动器指令42超越所要求的旋转斜盘选定点60来减慢车辆。排挡指令72限制了旋转斜盘选定点60。
该电子控制元件48还利用ELM 70来判定发动机负载状况。ELM 70利用指令发动机速度40、现行发动机速度68、和车速52作为输入。假使过载,ELM70的输出就会减少原始状态的选定点60和在重新加速时会执行换挡减速。该旋转斜盘位置控制器62利用ELM 70的输出和和实际的旋转斜盘位置64产生一旋转斜盘控制66信号(图2),而这信号提供旋转斜盘位置的闭合回路反馈。
在操作中,电子变速器控制系统10快速地对车辆的各种动态和运行工作状况作出反应。该电子变速器控制系统10能够在不改变变速器的模式的情况下,使车辆在慢行速度到最高每小时九十公里的车速52行驶。
此外,不用离心式离合器可使电子变速器控制系统10实现零车速。通过行星齿轮比和液压组件大小的选择和配置,HMT12可以用来实现零输出速度。该旋转斜盘位置控制器62就利用零速度调整偏差来指令该HMT12到零速度。保持零速度也可以通过测量行星齿轮组32(图1)的控制端架30的速度和方向来实现。这优于离心式离合器,因为即使在陡峭的斜坡,电子变速器控制系统10也能够保持车辆在零速度而跟负载无关。
因为电子变速器控制系统10不用离心式离合器,该系统10没有提供一平稳起动条件的固有的机械或液压特性。该平稳的起动条件是通过SPCB 54内的动态时标斜面来实现的。在自动模式34中,变速器电子控制系统10能够根据车速52利用动态斜面实现平稳的起动条件。在手动控制模式36中,如图5所示,变速器电子控制系统10能够利用一短的车辆特性曲线78结合一个固定比率80来实现平稳的起动条件。
在另外一实施例中,该变速器电子控制系统10能够利用可变液压回路旁通阀82(图1)来实现平稳的起动条件。只有在接到指令的时候,一可变液压回路旁通阀82同时连接到液压动力回路22的两边。这种相互连接减少液压配件的扭矩传输能力,因此有助于调整车辆的起动条件。该旁通阀82可以为无级变量或在开/关配件下操作。当用制动器指令42时,该旁通阀82也可以用来快速地减少发动机负载。这样可以提拱更平稳的减速并且减少发动机减速和紧急制动熄火。另一方面,控制系统10也可以利用制动传感器(图中未示出)来防止紧急制动熄火。这一种传感器可以用来使HMT12与控制器指令42同步避免两者的冲突。
该变速器电子控制系统10提供非常少的发动机动力制动。有些发动机14,尤其是低马力休闲娱乐和实用性车辆的发动机,在车辆减速时极少能够吸收动力。如果传动比降得太快,发动机14可能因过大的扭矩而导致过速和损坏。因为SPCB 54判定车辆状态56,该变速器电子控制系统10识别到车辆在什么时候减速。该ELM 70输入实际的车速52和利用该车速对选定点曲线图表来连续地调整传动比让车辆减速而不使发动机过速。
如上所述,可以看出本发明的技术方案会实现至少本文所述的全部目的。
Claims (11)
1.一种液压变速器控制器,所述变速器具有旋转斜盘并使发动机与车辆上一对车轮连接,所述发动机具有一发动机转速,所述车轮转动以产生旋转,而所述车辆以变化的速度运行,所述控制器包括:
一使车轮转动改变的具有变化位置的油门;
一使车轮转动改变的具有变化位置的制动器;
用于传感油门位置和把油门位置转化成指令的发动机速度的传感及转换器;
用于传感制动器位置的传感器;
用于传感车速的传感器;
一电子控制单元,其接收发动机速度、制动器位置及车速指令并设定旋转斜盘的位置,其中当车辆正在加速,旋转斜盘位置由指令发动机速度和制动器位置来决定,而当车辆正在减速,旋转斜盘位置由车速和制动器位置来决定;
用于传感旋转斜盘位置和由电子控制单元的确定来调整旋转斜盘位置的传感调整器;以及
用于传感发动机速度的传感器,其中车辆发动机具有一负载,而该电子控制单元还接受发动机速度并用该发动机速度、指令的发动机速度和车辆速度来确定该发动机负载以改变旋转斜盘的位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制器,其特征在于,还包括一选定点计算程序块,用以计算要求的旋转斜盘位置,当选定点计算程式块确定汽车状态要求减速时电子控制单元减小旋转斜盘位置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的控制器,其特征在于,所述的控制器进一步包括一选择传动比的排挡选择器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的控制器,其特征在于所述的电子控制单元进一步接受传动比以配合调整旋转斜盘位置。
5.一种机械液压变速器,其用于使发动机与车辆上一对车轮连接,其特征在于,所述的机械液压变速器包括:
一液压泵和一液压马达,其相互通过一闭合的液压回路连接,所述泵包括一安装在发动机曲轴上的主动轮所带动的从动轮;
所述的发动机具有一发动机速度;
所述车轮转动以产生旋转;
所述的车辆以变化的速度运行;
一与所述的泵有关的具有变化位置的旋转斜盘;
一使车轮转动改变的具有变化位置的油门;
一使车轮转动改变的具有变化位置的制动器;
用于传感油门位置和把油门位置转化成指令发动机速度的传感及转换器;
用于传感制动器位置的传感器;
用于传感车速的传感器;
一电子控制单元,其接收指令发动机速度、制动器位置、车速并调整旋转斜盘的位置,其中当车辆正在加速时,旋转斜盘位置由指令发动机速度和制动器位置来决定,而当车辆正在减速时,旋转斜盘位置是由车速和制动器位置来决定;
用于传感旋转斜盘位置和由电子控制单元的决定来调整旋转斜盘位置的传感调整器;以及
用于传感发动机速度的传感器,其中车辆发动机具有一负载,而该电子控制单元还接受发动机速度并用该发动机速度、指令的发动机速度和车辆速度来确定该发动机负载以改变旋转斜盘的位置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的机械液压变速器,其特征在于,还包括一选定点计算程序块,用以计算要求的旋转斜盘位置,当选定点计算程式块确定汽车状态要求减速时所述电子控制单元减少旋转斜盘位置。
7.根据权利要求5所述的机械液压变速器,其特征在于,所述的变速器进一步包括一选择传动比的排挡选择器。
8.根据权利要求7所述的机械液压变速器,其特征在于所述的电子控制单元进一步接收传动比并设定旋转斜盘的位置。
9.一种机械液压变速器的控制方法,在车辆上所述的变速器具有一有变化位置的旋转斜盘、一驾驶员控制的具有变化位置的油门以及一驾驶员控制的具有变化位置的制动器,所述车辆具有一变化的车速;其特征在于,所述的方法包括以下步骤:
传感油门位置;
以油门位置与一预计的无载发动机的每分钟转数(RPM)作比较,把油门位置转化成指令的发动机速度;
传感车速;
传感制动器位置;
传感旋转斜盘位置;
利用指令发动机速度、车速和制动器位置来决定车辆状态;
调节该车辆状态下的旋转斜盘位置,其中当车辆正在加速时,由指令发动机速度和制动器位置来决定旋转斜盘位置,而当车辆正在减速时,由车速和制动器位置来决定旋转斜盘位置;
传感发动机速度;以及
利用该发动机速度、指令发动机速度以及车速来决定发动机负载以改变旋转斜盘的位置。
10.根据权利要求9所述的机械液压变速器的控制方法,其特征在于,还包括一选定点计算程序块,用以计算要求的旋转斜盘位置,当选定点计算程式块确定汽车状态要求减速时减小旋转斜盘位置。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,还可用驾驶员控制的传动比来判定车辆状态。
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CN104329434A (zh) * | 2014-08-28 | 2015-02-04 | 江苏大学 | 液压机械双功率流传动变速箱 |
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- 2003-06-30 JP JP2003186454A patent/JP2004076934A/ja active Pending
- 2003-07-10 CN CNB031458491A patent/CN100398879C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-17 DE DE10332542A patent/DE10332542B4/de not_active Revoked
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Also Published As
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US20040014557A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
CN1495062A (zh) | 2004-05-12 |
US20050085979A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
US6942596B2 (en) | 2005-09-13 |
JP2004076934A (ja) | 2004-03-11 |
DE10332542B4 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
DE10332542A1 (de) | 2004-02-26 |
US6852064B2 (en) | 2005-02-08 |
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