JP7461877B2 - 多層電極膜のための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
多層電極膜のための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7461877B2 JP7461877B2 JP2020522946A JP2020522946A JP7461877B2 JP 7461877 B2 JP7461877 B2 JP 7461877B2 JP 2020522946 A JP2020522946 A JP 2020522946A JP 2020522946 A JP2020522946 A JP 2020522946A JP 7461877 B2 JP7461877 B2 JP 7461877B2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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Description
いくつかの実施形態では、エネルギー貯蔵装置100は、リチウムイオンキャパシタまたはリチウムイオン電池などのリチウムイオンエネルギー貯蔵装置であってもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、リチウムイオンエネルギー貯蔵装置の電極の電極膜は、1つまたは複数の炭素材料、および本明細書で提供されるフィブリル化バインダマトリックスを含むことができる。
いくつかの実施形態では、エネルギー貯蔵装置100は、約2.7V、2.8V、2.9V、3V、または3V以上、またはそれらの間の任意の範囲の値で動作するように構成されたウルトラキャパシタであってもよい。
本明細書では、複数の活性層から構成される電極膜のための組成物および方法が提供される。
第1の自立型単層電極膜は、120μmの厚さを有し、活性材料としてグラファイトを含むものであり、比較サンプルとして典型的な乾式電極技術によって製造された。第2の自立型多層電極膜は、それぞれ120μmの厚さでありグラファイト活性材料を含む3つの同一の活性層を含むものであり、本開示に従って製造された。図7Aに示されるように、第1電極膜と、図7Bに示されるように、第2電極膜のSEM画像が撮影され、均一な表面形態を示す。図7Aおよび7Bに示されるように、多層電極(図7B)は、電極膜の表面に開気孔を示し、開気孔は、液体電解質での湿潤に重要であり、電極性能の改善が期待される。従来の単層電極(図7A)は、表面の細孔が少なかったため、電極膜の中間層への電解質の拡散を制限することが期待される。図7Bの多層電極膜は、望ましい細孔構造を示しているにもかかわらず、その密度を保持していた。
3つのグラファイト電極膜を以下のように調製した。第1電極膜は、グラファイト、3重量%のCMCおよび3重量%のPTFEを含み(「層1」)、第2電極膜は、グラファイト、3重量%のポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)および3重量%のPTFEを含むもの(「層2」)とした。第3の多層電極膜は、以下の構成で3層の活性層、層1-層2-層1(「層121」)を含み、調製された。電極膜である層1、層2、層121の膜厚は、それぞれ132μm、132μm、256μmであった。図8Aおよび8Bは、層1、層2、層121の電極膜で測定された容量と効率のデータを提供する。
自己支持型の自立電極膜は、本開示に従って製造された。Si-C3層電極膜は、第1の活性層と第2の活性層の2つの活性層を作製することにより作製した。最初の活性層(A)は、94%のグラファイトと6%のバインダを含み、2番目の活性層(B)には、89.5%のグラファイト、4.5%のナノサイズのシリコンおよび6%のバインダが含まれていた。各電極膜のバインダは、3重量%のCMCと3重量%のPTFEを含んでいた。3つの同一のプレ層を積層し、カレンダー加工して、第1の活性層を形成した。電極膜は、厚さ120μmの2つの第1の活性層(A)の間に第2の活性層(B)を積層して形成した。したがって、活性層の順序は、A-B-Aであった。得られた積層活性層をカレンダー加工して、電極膜を形成した。図9Aおよび9Bは、例3のA-B-A3層積層電極膜の容量および効率データを提供する。
Claims (38)
- 第1活性材料および第1バインダを有する第1の活性層と、
第2活性材料および第2バインダを有する第2の活性層と、を備え
前記第1および第2の活性層は積層されて多層電極膜を形成し、
前記多層電極膜は自立膜であり、
前記第1の活性層及び前記第2の活性層は、溶媒残留物を実質的に含まず、
前記多層電極膜の厚さが少なくとも200μmであり、
前記第1の活性層および前記第2の活性層が実質的に同じ組成を有することを特徴とする多層電極膜。 - 前記多層電極膜は、250~750μmの厚さを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の多層電極膜。
- 第3活性材料および第3バインダを有する第3の活性層をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の多層電極膜。
- 前記第1および第2活性材料の少なくとも一方が金属酸化物又は金属硫化物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の多層電極膜。
- 第1面および第2面を備える集電体と、
前記集電体の前記第1面にラミネートされた請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の前記多層電極膜と、を含む多層電極。 - 前記多層電極膜が、前記集電体の前記第1面に直接ラミネートされたことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の多層電極。
- 前記多層電極膜と前記集電体との間に介在する接着層が設けられていないことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の多層電極。
- 請求項5に記載の多層電極と、
前記集電体の前記第2面にラミネートされた第2の多層電極膜と、を含む両面多層電極。 - 前記多層電極膜が、前記第2の多層電極膜と反対の極性であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の両面多層電極。
- 前記多層電極膜および前記第2の多層電極膜が、互いに対称であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の両面多層電極。
- 前記多層電極膜および前記第2の多層電極膜が、互いに非対称であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の両面多層電極。
- 前記多層電極膜が、前記第2の多層電極膜とは異なる数の層を備えることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の両面多層電極。
- 前記集電体の前記第1面に直接隣接する前記多層電極膜の活性層は、前記集電体の前記第2面に直接隣接する前記第2の多層電極膜の活性層とは異なる組成を有することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の両面多層電極。
- 第1活性材料および第1バインダを有し、自立膜である第1の活性層を提供することと、
第2活性材料および第2バインダを有し、自立膜である第2の活性層を提供することと、
前記第1の活性層を前記第2の活性層に積層して多層電極膜を形成すること、を含み、
前記多層電極膜は、厚さが少なくとも200μmの自立膜であり、
前記第1の活性層および前記第2の活性層が実質的に同じ組成を有し、
乾式の製造方法である、多層電極膜を製造する方法。 - 前記第1の活性層の前記第2の活性層への積層は、カレンダー加工工程によっておこなわれることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の活性層の前記第2の活性層への積層は、プレス工程によっておこなわれることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 請求項14~16のいずれか1項に記載の方法に従って多層電極膜を製造することと、
第1面および第2面を有する集電体を提供することと、
多層電極を形成するために、前記多層電極膜を前記集電体の前記第1面にラミネートすること、を含む多層電極を製造する方法。 - 前記多層電極膜が、前記集電体の前記第1面に直接ラミネートされることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記多層電極膜と前記集電体との間に介在する接着層が提供されないことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記多層電極膜を前記集電体の前記第1面にラミネートすることが、カレンダー加工工程によっておこなわれることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記多層電極膜を前記集電体の前記第1面にラミネートすることが、プレス工程によっておこなわれることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- 第2の多層電極膜を提供すること、および、
前記第2の多層電極膜を前記集電体の前記第2面にラミネートして両面多層電極を形成すること、をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。 - 第1活性材料および第1バインダを有し、自立膜である第1の活性層を提供することと、
第2活性材料および第2バインダを有し、自立膜である第2の活性層を提供することと、
集電体を提供することと、
前記第1の活性層を前記第2の活性層に積層して多層電極膜を形成することであって、積層された前記第1の活性層及び前記第2の活性層は厚さが少なくとも200μmである、ことと、
前記第1の活性層を前記集電体にラミネートすること、を含み、
前記第1の活性層および前記第2の活性層が実質的に同じ組成を有し、
乾式の製造方法である、多層電極を製造する方法。 - 前記第1の活性層を前記第2の活性層へ積層することに先行して、前記第1の活性層を前記集電体にラミネートすることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の活性層を前記集電体にラミネートすることに先行して、前記第1の活性層を前記第2の活性層に積層することを特徴とする請求項23に記載の方法。
- 第2の多層電極膜を提供することと、
前記第2の多層電極膜を前記集電体の第2面にラミネートして、両面多層電極を形成すること、を含む請求項23~25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記多層電極膜が、前記第2の多層電極膜と反対の極性であることを特徴とする請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記多層電極膜および前記第2の多層電極膜が、互いに対称であることを特徴とする請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記多層電極膜および前記第2の多層電極膜が、互いに非対称であることを特徴とする請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記多層電極膜が、前記第2の多層電極膜とは異なる数の層を備えることを特徴とする請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記集電体の第1面に直接隣接する前記多層電極膜の活性層は、前記集電体の第2面に直接隣接する前記第2の多層電極膜の活性層とは異なる組成を有することを特徴とする請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の活性層は前記第2の活性層に直接隣接する、請求項1に記載の多層電極膜。
- 前記第1の活性層と前記第2の活性層との間に層が設けられていない、請求項1に記載の多層電極膜。
- 前記第1の活性層と前記第2の活性層との間に接着層が設けられていない、請求項1に記載の多層電極膜。
- 接着層をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の多層電極膜。
- 前記金属酸化物はリチウム金属酸化物である、請求項4に記載の多層電極膜。
- 前記第1の活性層及び前記第2の活性層のいずれか1つは自立膜である、請求項1に記載の多層電極膜。
- 前記リチウム金属酸化物は、リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト酸化物(NMC)、リチウムマンガン酸化物(LMO)、リチウムニッケルマンガン酸化物(LNMO)、リン酸鉄リチウム(LFP)、リチウムコバルト酸化物(LCO)、チタン酸リチウム及びリチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム酸化物(NCA)からなる群から選択される、又は、それらの組み合わせである、請求項36に記載の多層電極膜。
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