JP7450359B2 - 排ガス浄化用触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化用触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7450359B2 JP7450359B2 JP2019181628A JP2019181628A JP7450359B2 JP 7450359 B2 JP7450359 B2 JP 7450359B2 JP 2019181628 A JP2019181628 A JP 2019181628A JP 2019181628 A JP2019181628 A JP 2019181628A JP 7450359 B2 JP7450359 B2 JP 7450359B2
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Description
上記作製した触媒B~Dについて、触媒層の形成されている隔壁部分を切り出した。次に、市販の水銀ポロシメータを用いて、水銀圧入法により、0.01~200MPaの圧力範囲で測定を行うことによって、100~0.01μmの範囲の細孔直径を評価した。次に、細孔直径(μm)を横軸に、細孔容量(ml/g)を縦軸に表した細孔分布曲線を作成した。図3には、触媒B~Dの細孔分布曲線のチャートを示している。そして、細孔分布曲線のなかで最も細孔容量の大きなピークを「第1ピーク」とし、その細孔直径(Mean Diameter)およびその細孔容量(Pore Volume)を読み取った。結果を表2に示す。また、細孔直径1~10μmの範囲内の積算面積から、触媒層の単位質量(1g)に含まれる、ミクロンサイズの細孔の積算細孔容量を求めた。結果を表2に示す。
表2および図3に示すように、触媒B~Dは、いずれも、細孔直径1~10μm(具体的には1~3μm)の範囲に第1ピークがあった。また、触媒B,Cを比較すると、第1担持材料(アルミナ)の体積比が大きい触媒Cのほうが、第1ピークの細孔容量が大きかった。
まず、上記作製した触媒A~Fについて、触媒層の形成されている隔壁部分を切り出した。次に、触媒層の表面をSEMで観察し、SEM観察画像(観察倍率:1000倍)を得た。次に、画像解析式粒度分布測定ソフトウェア Mac-View(株式会社マウンテック製)を用い、処理範囲を触媒層に設定して、下記の手順1~4でSEM観察画像を解析し、触媒層の単位面積(4500μm2)あたりの全空隙面積を算出した。また、触媒層の空隙率(すなわち、触媒層の面積全体に占める空隙の面積の割合)を算出した。一例として、図4(A)~(D)に、触媒A~Dにおける空隙の分布を示す。また、上記SEM観察画像に含まれる複数の空隙について、それぞれ個別に面積を算出し、それら複数の空隙の面積の標準偏差を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
(手順1)自動2値化処理(判別分析法)によって、2値画像を得た。
(手順2)2値画像の黒色の個所を空隙とみなし、分離した。
(手順3)各空隙の面積を算出した。
(手順4)触媒層の面積全体を100%としたときの空隙の総面積を算出した。
図4に示すように、触媒Dでは、触媒A~Cに比べて、相対的に粗大な空隙が散見された。実際、表2に示すように、触媒Dの全空隙面積(および空隙面積の割合)が最も大きかった。また、表2に示すように、全空隙面積(および空隙面積の割合)が大きく、個別の空隙の面積のバラつきが大きくなる傾向にあった。触媒D~Fでは、個別の空隙の標準偏差が35μm2以上と大きくなっていた。一方、触媒A~Cでは、個別の空隙の面積の差が小さく、標準偏差が30μm2以下に抑えられていた。すなわち、各空隙のサイズが揃っていた。
まず、上記作製した触媒A~Fを、実機車両のエンジン(排気量:110cm3)の排気管に設置し、コールドスタート時とホットスタート時のそれぞれについて、WMTC(Worldwide-harmonized Motorcycle Test Cycle)モードを走行したときのエミッションを測定した。なお、エミッション算出時の重み係数は、コールド評価とホット評価とを重みづけ50%ずつとした。非メタン系炭化水素(NMHC:non-methane hydrocarbons)とNOxのモードエミッションを表2に示す。
表2に示すように、空隙が観察、解析できなかった触媒Aは、NMHCおよびNOxのモードエミッションが最も高かった。すなわち、浄化性能が最も悪かった。この理由としては、触媒層の排ガス拡散性が低く、排ガスと触媒金属との接触が不十分だったことが考えられる。触媒D~Fでは、触媒B、Cに比べて空隙の面積が大きいものの、NMHCおよびNOxのモードエミッションがいずれも触媒B、Cよりも高かった。すなわち、触媒B、Cに比べて浄化性能が悪かった。この理由としては、大きな空隙が触媒層内で偏在し、触媒層全体にバランスよく配置されていなかったことが考えられる。その結果、大きな空隙から遠い部分の触媒層に排ガスが行き渡らず、触媒層のなかに有効利用されない部分が生じ、排ガスと触媒金属との接触が不十分だったことが考えられる。
11 基材
12 セル
14 隔壁
20 触媒層
21 担持材料
21a 第1担持材料
21b 第2担持材料
Claims (7)
- 内燃機関の排気経路に配置され、該内燃機関から排出される排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化用触媒であって、
基材と、前記基材に配置され、触媒金属と前記触媒金属を担持する担持材料とを含む触媒層と、を備え、
前記触媒層は、以下の条件:
(1)水銀ポロシメータで測定される細孔分布曲線において、細孔直径1μm以上10μm以下の範囲に細孔容量の最も大きなピークを有する;
(2)前記触媒層の表面の電子顕微鏡観察画像(観察倍率1000倍)において、前記電子顕微鏡観察画像に含まれる複数の空隙の面積をそれぞれ算出したときに、前記複数の空隙の面積の標準偏差が、30μm2以下である;をいずれも満たす、排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記担持材料がアルミナを含み、
質量基準で、前記担持材料の全体の半分以上を前記アルミナが占めている、
請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記細孔容量の最も大きなピークの細孔容量が、0.03ml/g以上である、
請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記触媒層は、水銀ポロシメータで測定される細孔分布曲線において、細孔直径1μm以上3μm以下の範囲に前記細孔容量の最も大きなピークを有する、
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記電子顕微鏡観察画像において、前記触媒層の面積全体を100面積%としたときに、空隙の占める面積の割合が5%以上である、
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記空隙の占める面積の割合が20%以下である、
請求項5に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 自動二輪車の前記内燃機関に用いられる、
請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
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