JP7450359B2 - 排ガス浄化用触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化用触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7450359B2 JP7450359B2 JP2019181628A JP2019181628A JP7450359B2 JP 7450359 B2 JP7450359 B2 JP 7450359B2 JP 2019181628 A JP2019181628 A JP 2019181628A JP 2019181628 A JP2019181628 A JP 2019181628A JP 7450359 B2 JP7450359 B2 JP 7450359B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- catalyst layer
- catalyst
- voids
- area
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 125
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 98
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 28
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002060 Fe-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002061 Ni-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
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- B01D2255/908—O2-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/915—Catalyst supported on particulate filters
- B01D2255/9155—Wall flow filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
- F01N2370/04—Zeolitic material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
- F01N2590/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for motorcycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
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Description
上記作製した触媒B~Dについて、触媒層の形成されている隔壁部分を切り出した。次に、市販の水銀ポロシメータを用いて、水銀圧入法により、0.01~200MPaの圧力範囲で測定を行うことによって、100~0.01μmの範囲の細孔直径を評価した。次に、細孔直径(μm)を横軸に、細孔容量(ml/g)を縦軸に表した細孔分布曲線を作成した。図3には、触媒B~Dの細孔分布曲線のチャートを示している。そして、細孔分布曲線のなかで最も細孔容量の大きなピークを「第1ピーク」とし、その細孔直径(Mean Diameter)およびその細孔容量(Pore Volume)を読み取った。結果を表2に示す。また、細孔直径1~10μmの範囲内の積算面積から、触媒層の単位質量(1g)に含まれる、ミクロンサイズの細孔の積算細孔容量を求めた。結果を表2に示す。
表2および図3に示すように、触媒B~Dは、いずれも、細孔直径1~10μm(具体的には1~3μm)の範囲に第1ピークがあった。また、触媒B,Cを比較すると、第1担持材料(アルミナ)の体積比が大きい触媒Cのほうが、第1ピークの細孔容量が大きかった。
まず、上記作製した触媒A~Fについて、触媒層の形成されている隔壁部分を切り出した。次に、触媒層の表面をSEMで観察し、SEM観察画像(観察倍率:1000倍)を得た。次に、画像解析式粒度分布測定ソフトウェア Mac-View(株式会社マウンテック製)を用い、処理範囲を触媒層に設定して、下記の手順1~4でSEM観察画像を解析し、触媒層の単位面積(4500μm2)あたりの全空隙面積を算出した。また、触媒層の空隙率(すなわち、触媒層の面積全体に占める空隙の面積の割合)を算出した。一例として、図4(A)~(D)に、触媒A~Dにおける空隙の分布を示す。また、上記SEM観察画像に含まれる複数の空隙について、それぞれ個別に面積を算出し、それら複数の空隙の面積の標準偏差を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
(手順1)自動2値化処理(判別分析法)によって、2値画像を得た。
(手順2)2値画像の黒色の個所を空隙とみなし、分離した。
(手順3)各空隙の面積を算出した。
(手順4)触媒層の面積全体を100%としたときの空隙の総面積を算出した。
図4に示すように、触媒Dでは、触媒A~Cに比べて、相対的に粗大な空隙が散見された。実際、表2に示すように、触媒Dの全空隙面積(および空隙面積の割合)が最も大きかった。また、表2に示すように、全空隙面積(および空隙面積の割合)が大きく、個別の空隙の面積のバラつきが大きくなる傾向にあった。触媒D~Fでは、個別の空隙の標準偏差が35μm2以上と大きくなっていた。一方、触媒A~Cでは、個別の空隙の面積の差が小さく、標準偏差が30μm2以下に抑えられていた。すなわち、各空隙のサイズが揃っていた。
まず、上記作製した触媒A~Fを、実機車両のエンジン(排気量:110cm3)の排気管に設置し、コールドスタート時とホットスタート時のそれぞれについて、WMTC(Worldwide-harmonized Motorcycle Test Cycle)モードを走行したときのエミッションを測定した。なお、エミッション算出時の重み係数は、コールド評価とホット評価とを重みづけ50%ずつとした。非メタン系炭化水素(NMHC:non-methane hydrocarbons)とNOxのモードエミッションを表2に示す。
表2に示すように、空隙が観察、解析できなかった触媒Aは、NMHCおよびNOxのモードエミッションが最も高かった。すなわち、浄化性能が最も悪かった。この理由としては、触媒層の排ガス拡散性が低く、排ガスと触媒金属との接触が不十分だったことが考えられる。触媒D~Fでは、触媒B、Cに比べて空隙の面積が大きいものの、NMHCおよびNOxのモードエミッションがいずれも触媒B、Cよりも高かった。すなわち、触媒B、Cに比べて浄化性能が悪かった。この理由としては、大きな空隙が触媒層内で偏在し、触媒層全体にバランスよく配置されていなかったことが考えられる。その結果、大きな空隙から遠い部分の触媒層に排ガスが行き渡らず、触媒層のなかに有効利用されない部分が生じ、排ガスと触媒金属との接触が不十分だったことが考えられる。
11 基材
12 セル
14 隔壁
20 触媒層
21 担持材料
21a 第1担持材料
21b 第2担持材料
Claims (7)
- 内燃機関の排気経路に配置され、該内燃機関から排出される排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化用触媒であって、
基材と、前記基材に配置され、触媒金属と前記触媒金属を担持する担持材料とを含む触媒層と、を備え、
前記触媒層は、以下の条件:
(1)水銀ポロシメータで測定される細孔分布曲線において、細孔直径1μm以上10μm以下の範囲に細孔容量の最も大きなピークを有する;
(2)前記触媒層の表面の電子顕微鏡観察画像(観察倍率1000倍)において、前記電子顕微鏡観察画像に含まれる複数の空隙の面積をそれぞれ算出したときに、前記複数の空隙の面積の標準偏差が、30μm2以下である;をいずれも満たす、排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記担持材料がアルミナを含み、
質量基準で、前記担持材料の全体の半分以上を前記アルミナが占めている、
請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記細孔容量の最も大きなピークの細孔容量が、0.03ml/g以上である、
請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記触媒層は、水銀ポロシメータで測定される細孔分布曲線において、細孔直径1μm以上3μm以下の範囲に前記細孔容量の最も大きなピークを有する、
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記電子顕微鏡観察画像において、前記触媒層の面積全体を100面積%としたときに、空隙の占める面積の割合が5%以上である、
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記空隙の占める面積の割合が20%以下である、
請求項5に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 自動二輪車の前記内燃機関に用いられる、
請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
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EP20871225.7A EP4023334A4 (en) | 2019-10-01 | 2020-08-20 | EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION CATALYST |
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JP6735309B2 (ja) | 2018-04-11 | 2020-08-05 | Dmg森精機株式会社 | 工作機械、切削方法、および切削プログラム |
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JP2001000862A (ja) | 1999-06-21 | 2001-01-09 | Hitachi Ltd | リーンバーンエンジン用窒素酸化物除去触媒 |
JP2003251201A (ja) | 2002-02-28 | 2003-09-09 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 多孔質コート層の形成方法 |
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WO2016136560A1 (ja) | 2015-02-27 | 2016-09-01 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 排ガス浄化用触媒、その製造方法、及び、それを用いた排ガス浄化方法 |
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JP2018171615A (ja) | 2017-03-31 | 2018-11-08 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
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WO2021065238A1 (ja) | 2021-04-08 |
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