JP7386995B2 - リチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質、この製造方法及びこれを含むリチウム‐硫黄電池 - Google Patents
リチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質、この製造方法及びこれを含むリチウム‐硫黄電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7386995B2 JP7386995B2 JP2022527222A JP2022527222A JP7386995B2 JP 7386995 B2 JP7386995 B2 JP 7386995B2 JP 2022527222 A JP2022527222 A JP 2022527222A JP 2022527222 A JP2022527222 A JP 2022527222A JP 7386995 B2 JP7386995 B2 JP 7386995B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- sulfur
- positive electrode
- polyethylene glycol
- active material
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 85
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 83
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 80
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- -1 acetic acid-polyethylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 75
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[S] Chemical class [C].[S] GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JNTOKFNBDFMTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCO[N+]([O-])=O JNTOKFNBDFMTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLABPPWWFVQMBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridin-1-ium;nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 XLABPPWWFVQMBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
[製造例1]ポリチオフェン酢酸の製造
2口丸底フラスコにチオフェン酢酸(3‐thiophene acetic acid)10gを蒸溜したメタノール50ml及び硫酸0.1mlを入れて80℃で24時間撹拌した後、メタノールを真空減圧を通じて取り除いて、ジエチルエーテル(diethyl ether)に溶かして蒸溜水で3回抽出(extraction)した。前記ジエチルエーテル層に硫酸マグネシウム(magnesium sulfate)を入れて水分を取り除いて、濾過して液相のチオフェンメチルアセテート(methyl thiopheneacetate)を製造した。
製造例1のポリチオフェン酢酸0.5gを溶媒のジメチルホルムアミド45mlに溶解させた後、ポリエチレングリコール(Mn=400)2.8gを投入して混合溶液を製造した。この時、得られた反応物を水に沈澱させて純粋なポリチオフェン酢酸‐ポリエチレングリコールグラフト共重合体(Mw=20000)を収得し、本発明の化学式1を基準にしてnは0.7であった。
[実施例1]
硫黄及びカーボンブラック(スーパーP(Super‐P))を7:3の重量比でボールミルを使って混合した後、155℃の温度で35分間熱処理して硫黄‐炭素複合体を製造した。
硫黄及びカーボンブラック(スーパーP(Super‐P))を7:3の重量比でボールミルを使って混合した後、155℃の温度で35分間熱処理して硫黄‐炭素複合体を製造した。
実施例1で製造した正極活物質90重量%、導電材でカーボンブラック(スーパーP(Super‐P))5重量%及びバインダーでスチレンブタジエンゴム/カルボキシメチルセルロース(SBR/CMC=7:3(重量比))5重量%を混合して正極スラリーを製造した。
実施例1の正極活物質の代わりに同一含量の実施例2の正極活物質を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例3と同様の方法でリチウム‐硫黄電池を製造した。
正極活物質で硫黄80重量%、導電材でカーボンブラック(スーパーP(Super‐P))10重量%及びバインダーでポリフッ化ビニリデン10重量%を混合して正極スラリーを製造したことを除いては、前記実施例3と同様の方法でリチウム‐硫黄電池を製造した。
実施例1の正極活物質の代わりに硫黄‐炭素複合体の表面に下記化学式2で表される線形態のポリチオフェン酢酸‐ポリエチレングリコール共重合体(Mw=20000、n=0.7)を含むシェル部を形成した正極活物質を使ったことを除いては、前記実施例3と同様の方法でリチウム‐硫黄電池を製造した。
実施例1で製造された正極活物質と製造例2で製造されたポリチオフェン酢酸‐ポリエチレングリコールグラフト共重合体に対してTGA(Thermogravimetric analysis、Mettler‐Toledo、TGA2)分析を実施し、その結果を図3及び図4に示す。
実施例3、実施例4、比較例1及び比較例2で製造した電池に対して、充・放電測定装置(LAND CT‐2001A、武漢(Wuhan)社製品)を使って性能を評価した。
11:コア部
13:シェル部
Claims (16)
- コア部及び前記コア部の全体表面または一部表面を被覆するシェル部を含むコア‐シェル構造の粒子状構造体を含み、
前記コア部は硫黄化合物を含み、
前記シェル部はポリチオフェン酢酸‐ポリエチレングリコールグラフト共重合体を含み、
前記ポリチオフェン酢酸‐ポリエチレングリコールグラフト共重合体はポリチオフェン酢酸重合体がポリエチレングリコールによって互いに架橋された構造を持つものである、リチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質。 - コア部及び前記コア部の全体表面または一部表面を被覆するシェル部を含むコア‐シェル構造の粒子状構造体を含み、
前記コア部は硫黄化合物を含み、
前記シェル部はポリチオフェン酢酸‐ポリエチレングリコールグラフト共重合体を含み、
前記ポリチオフェン酢酸‐ポリエチレングリコールグラフト共重合体は下記化学式1で表される構造を含む、リチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質:
- 前記ポリチオフェン酢酸‐ポリエチレングリコールグラフト共重合体は重量平均分子量が10000ないし30000である、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質。
- 前記硫黄化合物は、無機硫黄、Li2Sn(n≧1)、ジスルフィド化合物、有機硫黄化合物及び炭素‐硫黄ポリマー((C2Sx)n、x=2.5ないし50、n≧2)からなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コア部に含まれる硫黄化合物は硫黄‐炭素複合体の形態で含まれる、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質。
- 前記硫黄‐炭素複合体は、多孔性炭素材及び前記多孔性炭素材の内部及び外部表面の中で少なくとも一部に硫黄化合物を含む、請求項5に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質。
- 前記多孔性炭素材は、グラファイト、グラフェン、カーボンブラック、炭素ナノチューブ、炭素繊維、黒鉛及び活性炭素からなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項6に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質。
- 前記ポリチオフェン酢酸‐ポリエチレングリコールグラフト共重合体は、前記コア部全体100重量部を基準にして0.5重量部ないし15重量部で含まれる、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質。
- 前記ポリチオフェン酢酸‐ポリエチレングリコールグラフト共重合体は、前記リチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質全体100重量%を基準にして0.2重量%ないし5重量%で含まれる、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質。
- (a)硫黄化合物を含むコア部を製造する段階及び
(b)ポリチオフェン酢酸及びポリエチレングリコール系高分子を含む溶液に前記コア部を混合した後、熱処理して前記コア部の全体表面または一部表面にポリチオフェン酢酸‐ポリエチレングリコールグラフト共重合体を含むシェル部を形成する段階を含み、
前記ポリチオフェン酢酸‐ポリエチレングリコールグラフト共重合体は、ポリチオフェン酢酸重合体がポリエチレングリコールによって互いに架橋された構造を持つものである、リチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記ポリエチレングリコール系高分子は、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコールメチルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールドデシルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールベンジルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジベンジルエーテル及びポリエチレングリコール‐4‐ノニルフェニルエーテルからなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項10に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコール系高分子は数平均分子量が400ないし4000である、請求項10に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記(b)段階において、熱処理は80℃ないし120℃の温度範囲で遂行する、請求項10に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質を含むリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極。
- 前記リチウム‐硫黄電池用正極は硫黄のローディング量が2.0mAh/cm2以上である、請求項14に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極。
- 請求項14に記載のリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極;
負極及び
電解質を含むリチウム‐硫黄電池。
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