JP7348062B2 - モアレベース計測学及び真空ベースピックアンドプレースを用いたコンパクト装置へのコンポーネントのヘテロジニアスインテグレーション - Google Patents
モアレベース計測学及び真空ベースピックアンドプレースを用いたコンパクト装置へのコンポーネントのヘテロジニアスインテグレーション Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、参照により全てが本明細書に援用される、2016年12月23日出願の「マイクロスケール材料の高並列ナノ精度ピックアンドプレース方法」と題する米国仮特許出願第62/438,952号の優先権を主張する。
本発明は、一般には、コンポーネント(例えば、電子装置、光及びエネルギー記憶装置)のヘテロジニアスインテグレーション(異種集積)に関し、より詳細には、モアレベース計測学及び真空ベースピックアンドプレースを用いたコンパクト装置へのコンポーネントのヘテロジニアスインテグレーションに関する。
1.エッチング及びカプセル化
2.バルクエッチ処理(その後のピックアンドプレースを容易にするため)
3.素子ピックアップ
4.製品基板へ(複数)素子を整列及び仮着
5.結合
6.製品ウェハが完全に組み立てられるまで3から5を繰り返す
以下にこれらについてより詳細に説明する。
1.ピックアップ力及び機能素子の破壊強度
2.寄生運動
3.トポグラフィ制御
4.表面摩耗及び平坦性悪化
5.空気流量及び吸引設計
6.熱管理-スーパーストレートは、最適エッチング液温度及び気温を維持するように温度制御されうる。更に、温度コントローラは、レジストレーション誤差を修正するためにスーパーストレートに僅かな変形を引き起こすように用いられうる。当該温度制御は、ペルチェクーラ及びIRソースのDMDベース変調を含む種々の方法を用いて実施されうる。熱管理に関する更なる議論は、参照により全てが本明細書に援用される、Moon et al., “Thermally Controlled Alignment for Wafer-Scale Lithography,” Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 12(3), 031109, August 28, 2013に記載されている。
7.歪み制御
8.スーパーストレート-素子接着特性
9.ピックアップ位置のプログラマビリティ-選択的ピックアンドプレーススーパーストレートは、MEMS弁の埋込層を有しうる。流体流制御用MEMS弁の大型アレイについては、既に研究論文に示されている。或いは、カスタムピックアップ層は、各特定ピックアップ構成に用いられうる。ピックアップ位置のプログラマビリティに関する更なる議論は、参照により全てが本明細書に援用される、Vandelli et al., “Development of a MEMS Microvalve Array for Fluid Flow Control," Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 7.4, 1998, pp. 395-403に記載されている。
10.作製-スーパーストレートは、別々に作成された複数の層を結合させることにより作製される。このような技術は、複雑なミクロンスケールの形状を備えたウェハチャックを作製するために以前から用いられている。
1.全ての組立材料が先に組み立てた材料よりも僅かに高さが高くなる(例えば5から10nm)ことを保証する。(これは結果的に、以下に別途記述する平坦性の欠如をもたらす)。各材料に対して予め指定された別個の組立高さを保証する能力は、以下の模範的手法により達成できる。
a)ダミー材料。3つの材料を備えた場合について図23を参照する。図23は、本発明の実施形態に係る、可変高さ問題を解決するダミー材料2301(「材料2d」及び「材料3d」として識別される)を示す図である。異なる可能性がある厚み{ t1 < t2 < …. < tn }を有するn個の材料を備えた一般的な場合については、厚み{ (tn - t1 + 1) > (tn - t2 + 2) > … > (tn - t(n-1) + (n-1)) }を有する(n-1)個のダミー材料が存在するであろう。但し、所与のステップでアセンブリが予定されている場所以外の領域で望まないスーパーストレート干渉を回避するために、小さな厚み{ 1 > 2 > … > (n-1) }が付与される。加えて、望まないスーパーストレート干渉を回避するために、アセンブリが特異的配列で生じる必要がある。この配列は、全組立ステップにおいて、組み立てられる所与の材料が、その他の全ての既に配置された材料又はダミー材料よりも高い位置に上面を有するように、材料又はダミー材料を組み立てることを常に要求する。
b)一の実施形態において、各材料の下でインクジェットステップ中に堆積される、別個の予め計算された総容積を用いることにより達成できる上述した下層接着層の厚みを変動させる。
c)埋込犠牲層上の半導体層の予め計算された別個の厚みを有するように各種の材料ソースウェハを作製する。
d)トレンチが、対応する材料寸法(例えば、0.25マイクロメートル)よりも僅かに大きい横寸法を有するように、また、各材料位置でのエッチング深さは、対応する材料の上面が最後には材料及びその接着層を含む所定高さとなることを保証するように独立して選択されるように、矩形トレンチをエッチングして製品ウェハとする。
2.全ての組立材料が組み立て後に実質的に同じ高さになることを保証する。しかしながら、接着硬化は典型的には2から10%の体積収縮を含むので、組み立てられる各材料は接着硬化ステップ前には僅かに高さが高い。一例として、10%収縮及び50nmの初期厚みを有する接着剤(接着剤の製剤形態に関する上述の議論を参照)は、未硬化状態で材料の正確な位置づけを可能にするように、未硬化状態で~5nmの隙間を与える(上述した議論を参照)。独立して又は組み合わせて用いた上述の1.a)から1.d)の模範的手法によっても、組み立て後に各材料が実質的に同じ高さを得ることができる。
a.論理回路材料:SoCで論理回路設計素子を実施及び設計するために用いられるマイクロスケール回路
b.メモリ材料:SoCでメモリ設計素子(SRAM等)を実施及び設計するために用いられるマイクロスケール回路
c.IO材料:SoCでIO回路(SRAM等)を実施及び設計するために用いられるマイクロスケール回路
d.マクロセル材料:SoCでマクロセルを実施、設計及び干渉するために用いられるマイクロスケール回路
e.混合材料:その他の種類の材料に存在する設計素子を含むマイクロスケール回路
Claims (16)
- 異種コンポーネントを組み立てる方法であって、
複数素子のサブセットを、前記複数素子のサブセットに取り付けた真空スーパーストレートにより、ソースウェハから選択的に選び取り、
前記選択的に選び取られた複数素子のサブセットを、製品基板上にインクジェット又はスピンコートされた液状の接着剤上にモアレ計測学スキームを用いてサブ100ナノメートルの精度で配置し、
前記接着剤がゲル点に達するまで前記真空スーパーストレートを使用して前記複数素子のサブセットを保持することにより、前記選択的に選び取られた複数要素のサブセットを前記製品基板上に強固に付着させる、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記選択的に選び取られた複数素子のサブセットの分布は任意であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数素子のサブセットは、高並列であるピックアンドプレースを用いて前記ソースウェハから選択的に選び取られることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数素子は、一辺サブ10マイクロメートルから一辺1ミリメートル以上までの異なるサイズであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数素子のサブセットを組み立てる工程は、サブ50nm規模のアライメント能力(配向能)を達成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記真空スーパーストレートと前記製品基板とのアライメントは、前記モアレ計測学スキームを用いて達成されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 選び取られた複数素子が前記製品基板に運ばれる際に、ステージアクチュエータを用いて粗アライメントを実行する工程と、
前記複数素子のサブセットが前記製品基板上の未硬化接着剤に接触した後に、微細アライメントを実行する工程と、
を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の方法。 - 前記真空スーパーストレートを含む真空ベースピックアップ機構を用いて前記複数素子のサブセットを選択的に選び取る工程と、
エッチングガス又は機械的引張手法を用いて前記複数素子のサブセットを選択的に剥離する工程と、
を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記製品基板上に単一又は多成分接着剤を堆積する工程と、
を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記複数素子のサブセットは、前記真空ベースピックアップ機構を前記製品基板に接触させて真空を解除することにより、前記製品基板上に組み立てられることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記取り付けた複数素子のサブセットを更に固定するために、その後の真空蒸着処理を実施する工程と、
を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。 - 前記真空ベースピックアップ機構の歪み制御に、温度制御技術が用いられることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 真空孔を選択的に活性化させて前記真空ベースピックアップ機構を作動させるために、微小電気機械システム(MEMS)に基づく駆動弁が用いられることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記複数素子のサブセットの各特定ピックアップ構成に、カスタムピックアップ層が用いられることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、材料回路から特定用途向け集積回路(ASIC)を構成するために用いられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 製品組み立ての始めに最大劣化材料ソースウェハから材料をピックアップする工程と、
次に多く劣化したウェハから最大可能材料をピックアップする工程と、
前記製品基板が一種類の材料で完全に実装されるか、又は、所与材料の全貯蔵分がアクセスされるまで、前記次に多く劣化したウェハから前記最大可能材料をピックアップし続ける工程と、
を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
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