JP7309945B2 - クロム触媒、その製造および使用 - Google Patents
クロム触媒、その製造および使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7309945B2 JP7309945B2 JP2022031750A JP2022031750A JP7309945B2 JP 7309945 B2 JP7309945 B2 JP 7309945B2 JP 2022031750 A JP2022031750 A JP 2022031750A JP 2022031750 A JP2022031750 A JP 2022031750A JP 7309945 B2 JP7309945 B2 JP 7309945B2
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- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- catalyst composition
- oxide catalyst
- oxide
- chromium oxide
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 123
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title description 28
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 24
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 23
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 270
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 130
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 91
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical group CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical compound [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004035 Cryptotaenia japonica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000007641 Trefoil Factors Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015724 Trifolium pratense Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 7
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZDCWZRQSHBQRGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FCC(F)C(F)(F)F ZDCWZRQSHBQRGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- -1 cocatalysts Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- OPLWDQVQIWKMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoropropane Chemical compound CCC(F)Cl OPLWDQVQIWKMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical group [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 4
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 4
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C/Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RGZHHTKDHXSAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-2-fluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(Cl)Cl RGZHHTKDHXSAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OTKOPXLUNRNYCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-2-fluoropropane Chemical compound CC(F)(Cl)CCl OTKOPXLUNRNYCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDVGPJTXCYGVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane Chemical compound FCCC(F)(F)Cl XDVGPJTXCYGVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QJMGASHUZRHZBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)CCl QJMGASHUZRHZBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CYXIKYKBLDZZNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCl CYXIKYKBLDZZNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SMCNZLDHTZESTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound CC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)F SMCNZLDHTZESTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZPIFKCVYZBVZIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCl ZPIFKCVYZBVZIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000005827 chlorofluoro hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cr+3] VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\C(F)(F)F NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UVWLSLSDRXOZKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptachloro-3-fluoropropane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl UVWLSLSDRXOZKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIQRGMUSBYGDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RIQRGMUSBYGDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SUAMPXQALWYDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SUAMPXQALWYDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDOPVENYMZRARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F FDOPVENYMZRARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYIRUPZTYPILDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F FYIRUPZTYPILDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLGOCMATMKJJCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl SLGOCMATMKJJCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRCNPEKLEHSVCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2-fluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl SRCNPEKLEHSVCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEZMYTBCTJCBQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEZMYTBCTJCBQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGCSPKPEHQEOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl UGCSPKPEHQEOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LUBCGHUOCJOIJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)Cl LUBCGHUOCJOIJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)F WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWDWMQNTNBHJEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)C(F)F MWDWMQNTNBHJEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQNSLJQRJAJITR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl BQNSLJQRJAJITR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZKVMMSGRDBQIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)CCl ZKVMMSGRDBQIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ORMSTDJYMPIZAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloro-2-fluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl ORMSTDJYMPIZAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGZYQOSEVSXDNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)F WGZYQOSEVSXDNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAMUEXIPKSRTBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)Cl BAMUEXIPKSRTBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOOXKKSIKFHMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoropropane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)Cl VOOXKKSIKFHMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(Cl)Cl FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GELJRWJPYZKUPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl GELJRWJPYZKUPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLIDBBNDBSNADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(Cl)Cl VLIDBBNDBSNADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SFCFZNZZFJRHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2-trichloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl SFCFZNZZFJRHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQAMAOOEZDRHHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2-trichloro-1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(Cl)Cl FQAMAOOEZDRHHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JSEUKVSKOHVLOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl JSEUKVSKOHVLOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YMRMDGSNYHCUCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl YMRMDGSNYHCUCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SKDFWEPBABSFMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)CCl SKDFWEPBABSFMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDKGUMMLYBINOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)CCl NDKGUMMLYBINOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000397 ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本願においては、最小の酸化Cr(VI)含有量を有する酸化クロム触媒組成物および酸化クロム触媒系、その製造方法、その使用方法、およびその様々な用途が開示される。
本開示は、最小のクロム(VI)含有量を有する酸化クロム触媒組成物の製造方法に関する。本願内に開示される方法は、多くの利点、例えば単独の有機化学物質(またはいくつかの実施態様においては2つの有機化学物質)を有する有機の還元溶剤を、追加的な化学物質またはキレート剤を用いずに使用すること、ゾルゲル法を使用すること、工程中の種々の段階で遭遇する全ての中間体が、最小の酸化クロム(VI)レベルを有するので、安全な産業規模での取り扱いが可能になり、且ついくつかの実施態様においては、規制されている限界未満の酸化クロム(VI)のレベルを有するという利点を有し得る。
本開示は、最小の酸化クロム(VI)レベルを有する酸化クロム触媒組成物および/または系の製造方法、およびいくつかの実施態様においては、規制されている限界未満である酸化クロム(VI)レベルを有する酸化クロム触媒組成物および/または系の製造方法に関する。
いくつかの実施態様において、本発明は酸化クロム(III)および酸化クロム(VI)を含む酸化クロム触媒組成物であって、酸化クロム(VI)が、酸化クロム触媒組成物中の酸化クロム全体に対して約10000ppm以下、約5000ppm以下、約2000ppm以下、約1000ppm以下、約500ppm以下、約250ppm以下または約100ppm以下の量で存在し得る前記組成物に関する。いくつかの実施態様において、酸化クロム(III)は、酸化クロム触媒組成物中の酸化クロム全体に対して約99質量%以上の量で存在し得る。
いくつかの実施態様において、本発明は、基材、例えばアルミナ(Al2O3)、フッ化アルミニウム(AlF3)、フッ素化アルミナ、シリカ(SiO2)、ジルコニア(ZrO2)、チタニア(TiO2)、酸化マグネシウム(MgO)、フッ化マグネシウム(MgF2)、フッ化カルシウム(CaF2)、カーボン材料(例えば活性炭、木炭またはカーボンブラック)またはそれらの組み合わせと接触した酸化クロム触媒組成物を含む、酸化クロム触媒系に関する。前記基材は、酸化クロム触媒系中で、酸化クロム触媒系の総質量に対して約95質量%までの量で存在できる。
歴史的に、アンモニアは冷却において使用されていた。アンモニアの漏洩から生じるその高い毒性および致命的な影響は、クロロフルオロカーボン(CFC)およびフルオロカーボン(FC)の開発を導いた。CFCは、塩素、フッ素および炭素の元素から構成される合成の化合物であり、初めは冷媒用途のために開発された。それらの化合物は、不活性であり、非毒性であり且つ容易に圧縮できる性質ゆえに、冷媒として特に適しているとみなされた。FCは、フッ素および炭素の元素のみで構成される合成の化合物である。
およびそれらの構造異性体および立体異性体(空間異性体)の1つまたはそれより多くを含み得る。
1リットルの四ツ口フラスコに、撹拌機、還流冷却器、冷却液チラーおよびヒーター、ヒーター制御装置、温度プローブおよび記録装置、滴下漏斗、氷浴を備えた留出物受容器、窒素パージライン等を装備して、実験室の実験を行うために使用した。原料のレシピは65gのCrO3および48gのIBA(99%)であった。まず、688gのDI水をフラスコ内に装入し、次いで酸化クロム(VI)を水中で溶解した。アルコールを、60分のうちに、制御されたポンプ速度で酸化クロム(VI)溶液中にポンプ供給した。その混合物を85~95℃に加熱し、二成分系の共沸相が形成された。還流を開始させ、16時間保持した。合計400gの共沸混合物を、還流サイクルの最後にストリッピングした。そのスラリーをガラストレイへと取り出し、空気下、120℃で終夜乾燥させた。その乾燥ケークを顆粒化して粉末形態にした。その乾燥粉末を約300℃~500℃で12時間、窒素下でか焼した。
下記の表2は、還流サイクルにわたるイソブチルアルコール濃度の変化および消費を要約する。固形物と上澄み液とを、25℃での遠心分離により分離した。液体の試料をGC(ガスクロマトグラフィー)によって分析し、質量%に正規化した。そのデータは、最初に装入されたイソブチルアルコールの約52%だけが消費されたことを示す。
以下の反応器の設定および一般的なレシピを、下記の例5~10に使用した。特定の変更は、相応の例において詳述する。
1リットルの四ツ口フラスコに、撹拌機、還流冷却器、冷却液チラー、反応器ヒーター、ヒーター制御装置、温度プローブおよび記録装置、滴下漏斗、氷浴を備えた留出物受容器、窒素パージライン等を装備して、実験室の実験を行うために使用した。
1) 688gのDI-H2Oを反応器に装入する、
2) Xgのクロム酸を反応器に装入し、5~10分間、固定された速度で撹拌しながら混合して、均質な色を有する固体の溶解を完了する、
3) Ygの有機化学物質を20~120分のうちに、一定に撹拌しながらポンプ供給する、
4) 反応器内部の混合物を、二成分系共沸相の還流点に加熱する、
5) 反応器系内で12~16時間のサイクル時間の間、還流を保持する、
6) 400~415gの有機化学物質と水との混合物をストリッピングする、
7) そのスラリーを乾燥機中に取り出し、終夜、120~150℃で乾燥させる、および
8) 乾燥された粉末を、窒素下で300~500℃で終夜、か焼する。
例4の反応器の設定およびレシピをここで使用した。Xgのクロム酸(CrO3)およびYgのイソプロパノールを以下の表に示す。表内に示される酸化クロム(VI)含有量、表面積および密度の値は、乾燥された酸化クロム(III)粉末(つまり、か焼されていない粉末)から測定された。
低いCr(VI)レベルの他に、例1のIBA法は、高表面積の乾燥粉末とか焼粉末との両方ももたらした。これは、触媒性能を改善するためのより活性な表面サイトをもたらすと考えることができる。N2およびHg法による細孔容積の測定は、表5にも示されるIBA法によって得られた酸化クロム(III)粉末を示す。様々な有機溶剤、例えばイソプロパノールおよびイソブチルアルコールが、酸化クロム(VI)の含有量に、および様々な中間体のBET表面積、か焼された粉末の細孔容積に及ぼす影響を以下の表5に要約する。
例4の反応器系の設定およびレシピをここで使用した。Xgのクロム酸(CrO3)およびYgの有機化学物質(有機の還元溶剤)を以下の表に示す。表内に示される酸化クロム(VI)含有量、表面積および密度の値は、乾燥された酸化クロム(VI)粉末(つまり、か焼されていない粉末)から測定された。
例4の反応器系の設定およびレシピをここで使用した。Xgのクロム酸(CrO3)およびYgの様々なブチルアルコールの異性体を以下の表に示す。
例4の反応器の設定およびレシピをここで使用した。Xgのクロム酸(CrO3)およびYgのイソブチルアルコールは以下の表に示すとおりである。表内に示される酸化クロム(VI)含有量、表面積および密度の値は、乾燥された酸化クロム(VI)粉末(つまり、か焼されていない粉末)から測定された。
例4の反応器の設定およびレシピをここで使用した。Xgのクロム酸(CrO3)およびYgの様々な有機溶剤を以下の表に示す。下記の表に示されるとおり、イソブチルアルデヒドとイソ酪酸との両方を、酸化クロム(VI)のレベルを低減するための有機の還元溶剤として使用できる。表内に示される酸化クロム(VI)含有量、表面積および密度の値は、乾燥された酸化クロム(VI)粉末(つまり、か焼されていない粉末)から測定された。
以下の反応器の設定および一般的なレシピを、下記の例12に使用した。特定の変更を相応の例において詳述する。
1リットルの四ツ口フラスコに、撹拌機、還流冷却器、冷却液チラー、反応器ヒーター、ヒーター制御装置、温度プローブおよび記録装置、滴下漏斗、氷浴を備えた留出物受容器、窒素パージライン等を装備して、実験室の実験を行うために使用した。
1) 688gのDI-H2Oを反応器に装入する、
2) Xgのクロム酸を反応器に装入し、5~10分間、固定された速度で撹拌しながら混合して、均質な色を有する固体の溶解を完了する、
3) Ygの第1の有機化学物質を、20~120分のうちに、一定に撹拌しながらポンプ供給する、
4) Zgの第2の有機化学物質を、30分のうちに、一定に撹拌しながらポンプ供給した後、反応器を加熱するかまたは後還流サイクル(post reflux cycle)を行う、
5) 反応器内部の混合物を、二成分系または三成分系の共沸相の還流点に加熱する、
6) 反応器系内で12~16時間のサイクル時間の間、還流を保持する、
7) 400~415gの有機化学物質と水との混合物をストリッピングする、
8) そのスラリーを乾燥機中に取り出し、終夜、120~150℃で乾燥させる、および
9) 乾燥された粉末を、窒素下で300~500℃で終夜、か焼する。
例11の反応器の設定およびレシピをここで使用した。Xgの酸化クロム(VI)(CrO3)およびYgのエタノールおよびZgの様々なカルボン酸を以下の表に示す。表10に示されるとおり、カルボン酸、例えば酢酸およびイソ酪酸の添加は、酸化クロム(VI)のレベルを適切に低減する。例えば、エタノールとイソ酪酸とを組み合わせた複合有機溶剤系(#16)においては、乾燥された粉末中間体と、か焼された粉末中間体との両方が、酸化クロム(VI)レベル(210ppm)を示した。エタノールと酢酸とを組み合わせた複合有機溶剤系(#15)も、規制による限界(90ppm)を十分に下回る酸化クロム(VI)レベルを有する、か焼された触媒粉末を生成する。しかしながら、中間体である乾燥された粉末は、より高い酸化クロム(VI)含有量を有するので、試料#15の方法によって製造されたCr2O3触媒を取り扱うためには、閉じた粉末搬送システムが必要とされ得る。
Claims (20)
- 酸化クロム触媒組成物であって、
酸化クロム(III)、および
前記酸化クロム触媒組成物中の酸化クロムの全含有量に対して500ppm以下の量で存在する酸化クロム(VI)
を含み、
前記酸化クロム触媒組成物は150m2/g以上のBET表面積を有し、且つ
酸化クロム(III)と酸化クロム(VI)とが合計で、前記酸化クロム触媒組成物の総質量に対して96質量%以上の量で存在する、
前記酸化クロム触媒組成物。 - 前記酸化クロム触媒組成物の細孔容積が、0.2cc/g~1.5cc/gの範囲であり、且つ前記細孔容積はASTM D4284-12に準拠して測定される、請求項1に記載の酸化クロム触媒組成物。
- 前記酸化クロム(III)が、酸化クロム触媒組成物中の酸化クロムの全含有量に対して99質量%以上の量で存在する、請求項1に記載の酸化クロム触媒組成物。
- 前記酸化クロム触媒組成物がキセロゲルであり、且つ、前記キセロゲルが80%以上のアモルファスである、請求項1に記載の酸化クロム触媒組成物。
- 前記酸化クロム触媒組成物が、ペレット、ビーズ、押出物、リング、球、円柱、三つ葉または四つ葉状の片の形態である、請求項1に記載の酸化クロム触媒組成物。
- 前記酸化クロム触媒組成物が基材と接触している、請求項1に記載の酸化クロム触媒組成物。
- 前記基材が、アルミナ(Al2O3)、フッ化アルミニウム(AlF3)、フッ素化アルミナ、シリカ(SiO2)、チタニア(TiO2)、ジルコニア(ZrO2)、酸化マグネシウム(MgO)、フッ化マグネシウム(MgF2)、フッ化カルシウム(CaF2)、カーボン材料(例えば活性炭、木炭またはカーボンブラック)またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項6に記載の酸化クロム触媒組成物。
- 酸化クロム触媒組成物の製造方法であって、
水性溶剤中および有機の還元溶剤中に酸化クロム(VI)を含む混合物を形成すること、
前記混合物を還流させてスラリーを形成すること、および
前記スラリーを乾燥させて、粉末中の酸化クロムの全含有量に対して500ppm以下の量の酸化クロム(VI)を有する粉末を形成すること
を含み、且つ
前記有機の還元溶剤がイソブチルアルコール、ベンジルアルコール、エタノールとイソ酪酸との組み合わせ、またはエタノールと酢酸との組み合わせである、前記方法。 - さらに、前記方法が、クロム(VI)をクロム(III)に還元することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記方法が、有機の還元溶剤を酸化することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記有機の還元溶剤がイソブチルアルコールを含み、さらに、前記方法が、イソブチルアルコールを酸化して、イソブチルアルデヒドおよびイソ酪酸を形成すること、および
前記イソ酪酸と前記水性溶剤中の酸化クロム(VI)とを反応させて、アセトンおよび二酸化炭素を形成すること、
を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記還流を、50℃~250℃の範囲の温度で実施する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記粉末がキセロゲルである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記キセロゲルは、80%以上のアモルファスである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化クロム触媒組成物の細孔容積が、0.2cc/g~1.5cc/gの範囲であり、且つ前記細孔容積はASTM D4284-12に準拠して測定される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記粉末を300℃~500℃の範囲の温度でか焼することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記粉末に潤滑剤を配合することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記有機の還元溶剤の、酸化クロム(VI)に対するモル比が、0.2~4.0の範囲である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 基材、および
前記基材と接触している酸化クロム触媒組成物
を含む酸化クロム触媒系であって、
前記酸化クロム触媒組成物が、
酸化クロム(III)、および
前記酸化クロム触媒組成物中の酸化クロムの全含有量に対して500ppm以下の量で存在する酸化クロム(VI)
を含み、
前記酸化クロム触媒組成物は150m2/g以上のBET表面積を有し、且つ
酸化クロム(III)と酸化クロム(VI)とが合計で、前記酸化クロム触媒組成物の総質量に対して96質量%以上の量で存在する、前記酸化クロム触媒系。 - 前記酸化クロム触媒組成物の細孔容積が、0.2cc/g~1.5cc/gの範囲であり、且つ前記細孔容積はASTM D4284-12に準拠して測定される、請求項19に記載の酸化クロム触媒系。
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