JP7188621B2 - 積層造形用wc系超硬合金粉末 - Google Patents
積層造形用wc系超硬合金粉末 Download PDFInfo
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- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
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Description
上述したように、本発明の積層造形用WC系超硬合金粉末(以下、単に「WC系超硬合金粉末」とも称する。)は、W(タングステン)とC(炭素)との炭化物であるWC(タングステンカーバイト)と、Cu(銅)とを含み、さらにCo(コバルト)、Fe(鉄)およびCr(クロム)のうちの少なくとも1つを含む。Co、FeおよびCrのうちの少なくとも1つは、WCの金属結合相の原料である。本明細書では、このような超硬合金を「WC系超硬合金」と称する。金属結合相を構成する原料は、後述するWC系超硬合金の製造過程においてCuと分離する(固溶しない)元素であれば良い。
本実施形態のWC系超硬合金部材の観察写真を図1A~1Cに示す。図1Aは反射電子像(Backscattered Electron Image:BEI)であり、図1Bは走査型透過電子顕微鏡(Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope、STEM)による透過電子像およびエネルギー分散型X線分析(Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy:EDX)によるCuのマッピングである。図1Cは二次電子像(secondary electron image:SEI)である。なお、図1Bの試料は、WC超硬合金部材の結合相の表面にカーボン保護膜を形成し、Ga(ガリウム)イオンビームを用いたスパッタリング加工によって100nm程度まで薄片化することによって作製することができる。なお、図1Aおよび図1Cは、走査型電子顕微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope:SEM)を用いて観察することができる。
図2は本実施形態のWC系超硬合金部材の製造方法の一例を示すフロー図である。図2に示すように、WC系超硬合金部材の製造方法は、予熱工程(S1)、積層造形工程(S2)および熱処理工程(S3)を含む。
予熱工程S1は、金属基材を350℃以上の温度に予熱する工程である。予熱は、例えば、高周波誘導加熱、ガスバーナー、赤外線電気ヒーター、加熱炉、電子ビームまたはレーザの照射等を用いて行うことができる。なお、予熱工程S1において、金属基材を500℃以上の温度に予熱することがより好ましく、700℃以上の温度に予熱することがさらに好ましい。また、予熱工程S1において、自重による変形を防止する観点から、金属基材を1300℃以下の温度に予熱することが好ましく、より好ましくは1000℃である。
積層造形工程S2は、上述した金属基材の表面に、上述した本発明のWC系超硬合金粉末を積層造形する工程である。積層造形方式は、特に限定されないが、例えば、レーザメタルデポジションなどの指向性エネルギー堆積方式、粉末床溶融結合方式、プラズマ粉体肉盛等を用いることができる。熱源としては、レーザ、電子ビーム、プラズマおよびアーク等を用いることができる。この中でも特に、レーザであると照射スポットを比較的小さくすることができ、また、大気圧下で施工できるので好ましい。
熱処理工程S3は、上述した金属基材とWC系超硬合金の造形体(超硬合金部材)を400℃以上1250℃未満の温度で熱処理する工程である。これにより、積層造形した超硬合金の結合相に固溶したCuを析出させ、熱伝導率を向上させることができる。熱処理温度は、450℃以上、1250℃未満がより好ましく、500℃以上、1250℃未満が更に好ましく、500℃~1200℃以下が最も好ましい。熱処理時間は、1~12時間が好ましく、3~10時間がより好ましく、5~8時間が最も好ましい。
積層造形中の溶融部において、WCがCo中に溶解するため、急冷により固化した造形体にはη相(W3Co3C、W6Co6C)が存在する。η相は硬質であり、耐摩耗性に優れることから組織として残存しても構わない。一方で、脆化相でもあるため、靭性の要求される部分には適さない。η相は1100℃以上に熱処理することでWC相とCo相に分解し、することがわかっている。そのため、450℃以上、1250℃未満での熱処理は、Cuの析出とη相の分解に有効である。
後述する表1に示す成分組成(単位:質量%)を有する試験用WC系超硬合金部材をそれぞれ作製した。なお、製造方法は、溶融凝固を伴う積層造形材の組織および特性を模擬するために、アルミナるつぼに所定の量のWC粉末、CoとCuのバルク材を入れ、高周波溶解で溶製した後、るつぼ内で冷却した。得られたインゴットを所定の形状に加工した後、各試験に供した。このようにして得られた試験用WC系超硬合金部材は、積層造形体と同じく溶融凝固組織を有する。凝固速度は積層造形よりもやや遅いが、特性に大きく影響しない範囲である。
切断後に、断面をエメリー紙およびダイヤモンド砥粒を用いて鏡面まで研摩し、ビッカース硬さ試験機によって荷重500gf、保持時間15秒で硬さを室温にて測定した。測定は5回行い、5回の平均値を記録した。硬さ測定の結果を、後述する表2に示す。
作製した各実施例と比較例の合金部材の熱拡散率α、密度ρ、比熱cを測定し、以下の式(1)より熱伝導率を求めた。
次に、積層造形法を用いて、WC系超硬合金部材を作製した。
[実施例2のWC系超硬合金部材を用いた金型の作製]
本発明の有効性を確かめるために、従来金型材料であるマルエージング鋼および実施例2の合金粉末を用い、冷却穴を有する金型を積層造形により2つずつ作製した。図3は実施例2で作製した試験用金型を示す模式図である。金型5は、50mm×30mm×30mmのサイズで、金型5内に直径10mmの水冷穴6を2つ有している。800℃に加熱した厚さ2mmの板材(ワーク)を、作製した2つの金型5で挟み込み、ワークの温度が200℃以下になるまでの時間を計測した。なお、温度は、ワーク側面に取り付けた熱電対によって測定した。マルエージング鋼を用いた場合、200℃に到達するまでに6.6秒かかった。一方で、実施例2の合金を使用した場合、5.0秒で200℃に到達し、本発明の有効性を確認できた。
Claims (2)
- WCと、Cuと、Co、FeおよびCrのうちの少なくとも1つと、を含み、
前記WCの含有量が40質量%以上であり、
前記Co、FeおよびCrのうちの少なくとも1つの含有量が25質量%以上60質量%未満であり、
前記Cuの含有量aと、前記Co、FeおよびCrのうちの少なくとも1つの含有量bの割合a/bが0.070≦a/b≦1.000を満たし、流動度が10sec/50g以上25sec/50g以下であることを特徴とする積層造形用WC系超硬合金粉末。 - 前記Cuの含有量が5質量%超25質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の積層造形用WC系超硬合金粉末。
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