JP7170533B2 - 正極活性材料及びそれによる前駆体の製造方法、正極活性材料及びその使用 - Google Patents
正極活性材料及びそれによる前駆体の製造方法、正極活性材料及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7170533B2 JP7170533B2 JP2018509581A JP2018509581A JP7170533B2 JP 7170533 B2 JP7170533 B2 JP 7170533B2 JP 2018509581 A JP2018509581 A JP 2018509581A JP 2018509581 A JP2018509581 A JP 2018509581A JP 7170533 B2 JP7170533 B2 JP 7170533B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- range
- particles
- active material
- positive electrode
- hydroxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- -1 alkali metal aluminate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001706 oxygenating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 23
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108010062802 CD66 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- RAURUSFBVQLAPW-DNIKMYEQSA-N clocinnamox Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC3=CC=C(C=4O[C@@H]5[C@](C3=4)([C@]2(CCC5=O)NC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CC1)O)CC1CC1 RAURUSFBVQLAPW-DNIKMYEQSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRJNEUBECVAVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(ethenyl)benzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 PRJNEUBECVAVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical group O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018626 Al(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003109 Karl Fischer titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910007549 Li2SiF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013375 LiC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006095 SO2F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010298 TiOSO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- LTMDBXHVSXIXQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound OC(O)=O.CCOC(=O)OC LTMDBXHVSXIXQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2] IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- YTBWYQYUOZHUKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxocobalt;oxonickel Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Ni]=O YTBWYQYUOZHUKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KADRTWZQWGIUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxotitanium(2+);sulfate Chemical group [Ti+2]=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KADRTWZQWGIUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005629 polypropylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N trans-stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OACSUWPJZKGHHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribenzyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COP(OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 OACSUWPJZKGHHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
- C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/32—Spheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/50—Agglomerated particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/11—Powder tap density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
NiaCobMncMd(O)x(OH)y (I)
ここで、
MはAl及びTiから選択され、
xは0.01以上0.9以下の範囲にあり、
yは1.1以上1.99以下の範囲にあり、
aは0.3以上0.85以下の範囲にあり、
bは0.05以上0.4以下の範囲にあり、
cは0.1以上0.5以下の範囲にあり、
dは0.001以上0.03以下の範囲にあり、
a + b+ c+ d = 1であり、
前記方法は以下の工程を含む。
(a)水酸化アルミニウム又は二酸化チタンの粒子の水性スラリーを提供する工程と、
(b)ニッケル、コバルト、及びマンガンの水溶性塩の水溶液と、アルカリ金属水酸化物の溶液とを、工程(a)のスラリーに添加し、これにより、ニッケル及びコバルトの混合(複合)水酸化物、並びに、水酸化マンガンの層を工程(a)の粒子上に共沈させる工程と、
(c)このように得られた(NiaCobMncAld)(OH)2+d(NiaCobMncTid)(OH)2+2dの粒子を除去し、それらを酸素の存在下で乾燥させる工程。
NiaCobMncMd(O)x(OH)y (I)
(MはAl及びTiから選択され、好ましくはMはAlであり、
xは0.01以上0.9以下、好ましくは0.4以上0.7以下の範囲内であり、
yは1.1以上1.99以下、好ましくは1.3以上1.6以下の範囲内であり、
aは0.3以上0.85以下、好ましくは0.32以上0.7以下の範囲内であり、
bは0.05以上0.4以下、好ましくは0.2以上0.35以下の範囲内であり、
cは0.1以上0.5以下、好ましくは0.1以上0.35以下の範囲内であり、
dは0.001以上0.03以下の範囲内であり、
ここで、a + b+ c+ d = 1)
の粒子材料を製造する方法であり、当該方法は以下の工程:
(a)水酸化アルミニウム又は二酸化チタンの粒子の水性スラリーを提供する工程、
(b)ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンの水溶性塩の水溶液と、アルカリ金属水酸化物の溶液とを、工程(a)に係るスラリーに添加し、これにより、ニッケル及びコバルトの混合水酸化物並びに水酸化マンガンの層を工程(a)に係る粒子の上に共沈させる工程、
(c)その結果得られた(NiaCobMncAld)(OH)2+d 又は(NiaCobMncTid)(OH)2+2d の粒子を除去し、それらを酸素の存在下で乾燥させる工程
を含む。
aは0.32以上0.7以下の範囲内、
bは0.2以上0.35以下の範囲内、
c は0.1以上0.35以下の範囲内、そして、
dは0.002以上0.03以下の範囲内である。
(NiaCobMncTid)(OH)2+2d,は、それぞれ、理想とされる式(理想式)として見られるべきである。
NiaCobMncMd(O)x(OH)y (I)
の粒子材料が得られ、上記のような変更が可能である。本発明の文脈では、前記粒子材料は、本発明の前駆体とも称される。
(e)前記本発明の前駆体を、Li2O、LiOH及びLi2CO3から選択される少なくとも1種のLi化合物と混合する工程、
(f)工程(e)による混合物を800℃以上950℃以下の範囲にある温度で焼成する工程。
Li1+w(NiaCobMncMd)1-wO2 (II)
ここで、
MはAl及びTiから選択され、好ましくはMはAlであり、
aは0.3以上0.85以下の範囲、好ましくは0.32~0.7であり、
bは0.05以上0.4以下の範囲、好ましくは0.2以上0.35以下であり、
cは0.1以上0.5以下の範囲、好ましくは0.1以上0.35以下であり、
dは0.001以上0.03以下の範囲であり、
wは0.01以上0.15以下の範囲、好ましくは0.014~0.15であり、
a+b+c+d=1、
前記正極活性材料はBET複数点(multi-point)測定による面積が1.5m2/g以上5m2/g以下の範囲内であり、
ここで、Mは前記粒子内で均一に分散され、
前記粒子は、平均粒子直径(D50)が3μm以上8μm以下の範囲内である。
(A)上記のような少なくとも1種の正極活性材料(cathode active material)、
(B)導電状態の炭素、及び
(C)バインダー(結合剤)、
(D)集電体
を含む。
(A)80~95質量%の正極活性材料、
(B)3~17質量%の炭素、
(C)3~10質量%のバインダー材料
を含み、ここでパーセントは(A)、(B)及び(C)の合計を参照する。
(1)本発明の正極活性材料(A)、炭素(B)及びバインダー(C)を含む少なくとも1つの正極、
(2)少なくとも1つの陰極、並びに、
(3)少なくとも1種の電解質
t=2(Yが窒素及びリンの中から選択される場合)、そして、
t=3(Y が炭素及び珪素の中から選択される場合)。
タップ密度は、基本的にDIN53194又はDIN ISO 787-11.1981に従い、1,250タップで、しかしながら、より小さいシリンダーを用いて測定した。
用語「溶液」は特に特定されない限りは水溶液を意味する。本発明の文脈においては、pH値は環境温度に関し、それは環境温度で測定される。
母液を取り除くためのオーバーフローを備えたA 9-l-攪拌リアクターを、蒸留水と、水1kg当たり36.7gの硫酸アンモニウムで充填した。その溶液を40℃に加熱し、25質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加してpH値を11.6に調整した。
10gの量のアルミン酸ナトリウム水溶液(溶液1kg当たり100gのAl)を3分内に添加した。水酸化アルミニウム粒子が沈殿した。それらの平均直径は1μm以上2μm以下の範囲内にあった。
工程(b)に係る沈殿反応は、(a.1)で得られたスラリーに対し、4.8時間の滞留時間になる全流量で、遷移金属の水溶液とアルカリ沈殿(析出)剤の流量比1.9での同時供給により開始された。遷移金属溶液は、Ni、Co及びMnをモル比1:1:1で含み、かつ、全遷移金属濃度が1.65mol/kgであった。アルカリ沈殿剤は、質量比8.3の25質量%水酸化物溶液と25質量%アンモニア溶液からなる。pHは、25質量%の水酸化ナトリウム溶液を別に供給して11.6に維持した。全供給の開始の冒頭から、リアクター内の液レベルが一定になるよう母液を除去した。沈殿(析出)の4.8時間後、溶液の全ての添加を停止し、工程(b.1)を終了した。
結果得られた懸濁液のろ過により前駆体TM-OH.1を得て、蒸留水で洗浄し、120℃で空気中12 hours時間の期間にわたって感想し、32μm(メッシュ)で篩い分けした。
工程(a.1)を除いた以外は、I.1の手順を繰り返した。比較例前駆体C-TM-OH.2を得た。
母液を除去するためのオーバーフローを備えたA 9-l-攪拌リアクターを、蒸留水と水1kg当たり36.7gの硫酸アンモニウムで充填した。溶液を40℃に加熱し、25質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の添加によりpH値を11.6に調整した。
32gのアルミン酸ナトリウム水溶液(溶液1kg当たり100gのAl)を10分内に添加した。水酸化アルミニウムの粒子が沈殿した。平均直径は1μm以上2μm以下の範囲内であった。
工程(b)に係る沈殿反応は、(a.3)で得たスラリーに対し、遷移金属水溶液及びアルカリ沈殿剤を、4.8時間の滞留時間になる全流量で、流量比1.9kg/hで、同時供給により開始した。遷移金属溶液はNi、Co及び Mnをモル比1:1:1で、かつ、全遷移金属濃度1.65 mol/kgで含有していた。アルカリ沈殿剤は、 25質量%の水酸化ナトリウム溶液と25質量%のアンモニア溶液を、質量比8.3で構成したpHは、25質量%の水酸化ナトリウム溶液を別供給して11.6に維持した。全供給の開始の冒頭で、リアクター内の液レベルが一定に維持されるよう母液を除去した。 4.8時間の沈殿の後、溶液の全添加を停止、工程(b.3)を終了させた。
結果として得た懸濁液のろ過により前駆体TM-OH.1を得、蒸留水で洗浄し、120℃で12時間の期間にわたって空気中で乾燥させ、32μm(メッシュ)でふるい分けした。
II.1 本発明に係る正極活性材料の合成
リチウム以外の金属に対するLiの比率が1.14対1になるように前駆体TM.OH.1をLi2CO3と混合した。そうして得られた混合物を、次いで、マッフル型炉の内部で以下の条件で焼成した:
加熱速度:3 K/分
300℃6時間、600℃6時間、900℃6時間
Li1.14(Ni0.335Co0.330Mn0.332Al0.003)O2.14に対応する式、平均粒子直径(D50)は5.4μm
タップ密度は1.2 kg/l、かつ、
表面積(BET)が2.0m2/g
Liのリチウム以外の金属に対する比率が1.14対1になるように、前駆体C-TM.OH.2をLi2CO3と混合した。そうして得られた混合物を、次いでマッフル型炉内で以下の条件で焼成した:
加熱速度:3 K/分
300℃6時間、600℃6時間、900℃6時間
焼成プログラムの後、そうして得られた材料を周囲温度に冷却し、めのう乳鉢で解砕し32μmメッシュサイズの篩を通して篩い分けした。
Li1.15(Ni0.319Co0.345Mn0.336)O2.15に対応する式
平均粒子直径(D50)が6.4μm
タップ密度が2.0 kg/l
表面積(BET)が1.0 m2/g
Liのリチウム以外の金属に対する比が1.14対1になるように、前駆体TM.OH.3をLi2CO3と混合した。そうして得た混合物を次いでマッフル型炉内で以下の条件下で焼成した:
加熱速度:3 K/分
300℃6時間、600℃6時間、900℃6時間.
焼成プログラムの後、そうして得た材料を周囲温度に冷却し、めのう乳鉢で解砕し32μmメッシュサイズの篩を通して篩い分けした。
AlがCAM.3の粒子内に均一に分散されていた
Li1.15(Ni0.323Co0.331Mn0.337Al0.01)O2.14に対応する式
平均粒子直径(D50)が4.6μm
タップ密度が1.0 kg/l
正極(A.1)を形成するため、下記減量を互いに配合した:
6gのポリ(二)フッ化ビニリデン(polyvinylidene difluoride)(C.1), ("PVdF")、Kynar Flex(登録商標)2801としてアルケマグループから商業的に入手可能、
3gのカーボンブラック(B.1)、 BET表面積62 m2/g、"Super C 65L"としてTimcalから商業的に入手可能、
3gのグラファイト(B.2)、KS6としてTimcalから商業的に入手可能、及び88gのCAM.1、C-CAM.2又はCAM.3のいずれか
30μm厚のアルミニウム箔(D.1)上に、上記ペーストを 15μmドクターブレードで塗布した。乾燥後の負荷(loading)は2mA・h/cm2であった。負荷された箔を一晩真空オーブン内、105℃で乾燥させた。フード内で室温まで冷却後、その箔から円盤(ディスク)形状の正極を打ち抜いた。正極ディスクは、次いで、計量し、それらを真空乾燥されるアルゴングローブボックス内に再度導入した。正極ディスクを用いて正極を組み立てた。
(cell.1):0.1C 155 mA・h/kg、10C 74 mA・h/kg
c-(cell.2):0.1C 154 mA・h/kg、10C 91 mA・h/kg
(cell.1):90% 21 cm2、10% 122 cm2
c-(cell.2):90% 39 cm2、10% 198 cm2
Claims (14)
- 一般式(I)
NiaCobMncMd(O)x(OH)y (I)
(ここで、MはAl及びTiから選択され、
xは0.01以上0.9以下の範囲内であり、
yは1.1以上1.99以下の範囲内であり、
aは0.3以上0.85以下の範囲内であり、
bは0.05以上0.4以下の範囲内であり、
cは0.1以上0.5以下の範囲内であり、
dは0.001以上0.03以下の範囲内であり、
a+b+c+d=1である)
の粒子材料を製造する方法であって、下記工程
(a)水酸化アルミニウム又は二酸化チタンの粒子の水性スラリーを提供する工程、
(b)ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンの水溶性塩の水溶液と、アルカリ金属水酸化物の溶液とを、工程(a)に係るスラリーに添加し、これにより、工程(a)に係る粒子の上に、ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンの混合水酸化物の層を共沈させる工程と、
(c)そうして得られた(NiaCobMncAld)(OH)2+d又は(NiaCobMncTid)(OH)2+2d粒子を除去し、それらを酸素の存在下で乾燥させる工程
を有する方法。 - 式(I)における符号は以下のように定義される:
aは0.32以上0.7以下の範囲、
bは0.20以上0.35以下の範囲、
cは0.1以上0.35以下の範囲、かつ、
dは0.002以上0.03以下の範囲
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 工程(a)は、10以上13以下の範囲内でのpH値で、水酸化アルミニウムをアルカリ金属アルミネートの溶液から沈殿させて行う請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 一般式(I)
NiaCobMncMd(O)x(OH)y (I)
(ここで、MはAl及びTiから選択され、
xは0.01以上0.9以下の範囲内、
yは1.1以上1.99以下の範囲内、
aは0.3以上0.85以下の範囲内、
bは0.05以上0.4以下の範囲内、
cは0.1以上0.5以下の範囲内、
dは0.001以上0.03以下の範囲内であり、
a+b+c+d=1である)
の粒子材料であって、
BET複数点測定に係る表面が1.5m2/g以上5.0m2/g以下の範囲にあり、
一般式(I)の前記粒子材料は、ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンの混合水酸化物の層を、水酸化アルミニウム又は二酸化チタンの粒子の上に含む、粒子材料。 - リチウムイオンバッテリー用の正極活性材料を製造する方法であって、以下の工程:
(d)請求項4に係る粒子材料を提供する工程、
(e)前記粒子材料を、Li2O、LiOH及びLi2CO3から選択される少なくとも1種のLi化合物と混合する工程、
(f)工程(e)で得た混合物を800℃以上950℃以下の範囲の温度で焼成する工程
を有する方法。 - 工程(f)の期間は、3時間以上12時間以下の範囲内にある請求項5に記載の方法。
- 工程(f)は、酸素含有雰囲気内で行われる請求項5又は6に記載の方法。
- リチウムの、Ni、Co、Mn及びMの合計に対するモル比が1.02対1以上1.25対1以下の範囲内にある請求項5~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 一般式(II)
Li1+w(NiaCobMncMd)1-wO2 (II)
(ここで、MはAl及びTiから選択され、
wは0.01以上0.15以下の範囲内にあり、
aは0.32以上0.7以下の範囲内にあり、
bは0.2以上0.35以下の範囲内にあり、
cは0.1以上0.35以下の範囲内にあり、
dは0.001以上0.03以下の範囲内にあり、
a+b+c+d=1である)
の粒子から実質的に構成される正極活性材料であって、
BET複数点測定に係る表面が1.5m2/g以上5m2/g以下の範囲内にあり、
Mが前記粒子内に均一に分散され、かつ、
前記粒子の平均粒子直径(D50)が3μm以上8μm以下の範囲内にある正極活性材料。 - 比電導度が10-5 S/cm以上10-3 S/cm以下の範囲内にある請求項9に記載の正極活性材料。
- (A)請求項9又は10に係る少なくとも1種の正極活性材料、
(B)導電体の炭素、
(C)バインダー材料、
(D)集電体
を有する正極。 - (A)80~95質量%の正極活性材料、
(B)3~17質量%の炭素、
(C)3~10質量%のバインダー材料を含み、
パーセントが(A)、(B)及び(C)の合計に対するものである請求項11に記載の正極。 - 請求項11又は12に記載の少なくとも1種の正極を有する電気化学電池。
- 更に、リン酸トリメチル、CH3-P(O)(OCH3)2、リン酸トリフェニル、及びトリス-(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)リン酸から選択される少なくとも1種の難燃剤を含む電解質を有する請求項13に記載の電気化学電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15181201 | 2015-08-17 | ||
EP15181201.3 | 2015-08-17 | ||
PCT/EP2016/069032 WO2017029166A1 (en) | 2015-08-17 | 2016-08-10 | Process for making a cathode active material and a precursor therefore, cathode active material and its use |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2018525315A JP2018525315A (ja) | 2018-09-06 |
JP7170533B2 true JP7170533B2 (ja) | 2022-11-14 |
Family
ID=54065670
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2018509581A Active JP7170533B2 (ja) | 2015-08-17 | 2016-08-10 | 正極活性材料及びそれによる前駆体の製造方法、正極活性材料及びその使用 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10707486B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3337763B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7170533B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102567100B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN107922211B (ja) |
HU (1) | HUE044387T2 (ja) |
PL (1) | PL3337763T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2017029166A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110265631B (zh) * | 2018-06-27 | 2021-12-07 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种三元正极材料及其制备方法和锂离子电池 |
US20230312366A1 (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2023-10-05 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Positive Electrode Active Material Precursor, Method of Preparing the Same, and Method of Preparing Positive Electrode Active Material Using the Same |
CN116323494A (zh) * | 2021-01-20 | 2023-06-23 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 制备颗粒(氧)氢氧化物的方法 |
CN113488642A (zh) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-10-08 | 上海兰钧新能源科技有限公司 | 锂离子四元正极材料及其制备方法和锂离子电池 |
CN113659129A (zh) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-16 | 浙江帕瓦新能源股份有限公司 | 一种多元素掺杂的三元前驱体及其制备方法 |
CN114797135B (zh) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-11-18 | 四川富临新能源科技有限公司 | 喷雾干燥法制备锂离子电池活性材料超细粉的设备和方法 |
CN115241451B (zh) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-01-06 | 长虹三杰新能源(苏州)有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013147416A (ja) | 2011-12-20 | 2013-08-01 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | ニッケル複合水酸化物とその製造方法、非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質とその製造方法、および非水系電解質二次電池 |
JP2016523794A (ja) | 2013-05-08 | 2016-08-12 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | 球状粒子、その生成およびそれを使用する方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2796415A (en) * | 1955-01-19 | 1957-06-18 | Sherwin Williams Co | Red azo pigments of improved transparency |
JP5446183B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-12 | 2014-03-19 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 二次電池用非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液二次電池 |
TW200941804A (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-10-01 | Umicore Nv | Homogeneous nanoparticle core doping of cathode material precursors |
CA2806915C (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2018-10-09 | Omg Kokkola Chemicals Oy | Mixed metal oxidized hydroxide and method for production |
CN103840209A (zh) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-06-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种非水有机电解液添加剂及其制备方法、非水有机电解液和锂离子二次电池 |
TWI636613B (zh) * | 2013-07-18 | 2018-09-21 | 日商東曹股份有限公司 | 鎳-錳系複合氧氫氧化物及其製造方法、以及其用途 |
WO2016000982A1 (en) | 2014-06-30 | 2016-01-07 | Basf Se | Process for making cathode materials for lithium ion batteries |
KR101913906B1 (ko) * | 2015-06-17 | 2018-10-31 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
CN109049006B (zh) | 2018-08-22 | 2020-03-17 | 深圳市云鼠科技开发有限公司 | 一种扫地机器人的防碰撞检测方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-08-10 WO PCT/EP2016/069032 patent/WO2017029166A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-08-10 US US15/751,308 patent/US10707486B2/en active Active
- 2016-08-10 KR KR1020187007391A patent/KR102567100B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2016-08-10 JP JP2018509581A patent/JP7170533B2/ja active Active
- 2016-08-10 EP EP16753325.6A patent/EP3337763B1/en active Active
- 2016-08-10 HU HUE16753325 patent/HUE044387T2/hu unknown
- 2016-08-10 CN CN201680047520.5A patent/CN107922211B/zh active Active
- 2016-08-10 PL PL16753325T patent/PL3337763T3/pl unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013147416A (ja) | 2011-12-20 | 2013-08-01 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | ニッケル複合水酸化物とその製造方法、非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質とその製造方法、および非水系電解質二次電池 |
JP2016523794A (ja) | 2013-05-08 | 2016-08-12 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | 球状粒子、その生成およびそれを使用する方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUE044387T2 (hu) | 2019-10-28 |
US10707486B2 (en) | 2020-07-07 |
WO2017029166A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
US20180358615A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
CN107922211B (zh) | 2020-11-06 |
EP3337763B1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
PL3337763T3 (pl) | 2019-12-31 |
KR20180040676A (ko) | 2018-04-20 |
KR102567100B1 (ko) | 2023-08-16 |
CN107922211A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
EP3337763A1 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
JP2018525315A (ja) | 2018-09-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11165063B2 (en) | Process for making cathode materials for lithium ion batteries | |
JP7170533B2 (ja) | 正極活性材料及びそれによる前駆体の製造方法、正極活性材料及びその使用 | |
US10069144B2 (en) | Spherical particles, production and use thereof | |
KR102223228B1 (ko) | 구형 입자들, 그것의 제조 및 용도 | |
EP3093272A1 (en) | Cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, process for preparing the same and their use in electrochemical cells | |
JP7443379B2 (ja) | 電極活物質の製造方法 | |
US20160126548A1 (en) | Spherical particles, production thereof and use | |
CN114206783A (zh) | 颗粒材料、其制备方法和用途 | |
JP6392339B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン電池用の電極材料 | |
US20130175482A1 (en) | Materials, and the production and use thereof | |
JP2024505123A (ja) | 電極活物質の製造方法、及び電極活物質 | |
KR20230108279A (ko) | 양극 활물질을 제조하기 위한 멀티스텝 프로세스, 및 양극 활물질 | |
EP3691997B1 (en) | Electrode active material, its manufacture and use | |
EP4229693B1 (en) | Process for making a coated cathode active material | |
JP2023547996A (ja) | ドープされたカソード活物質の製造方法 | |
KR20220145834A (ko) | 전극 활물질의 제조 방법 및 전극 활물질 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20190809 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20200430 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20200602 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20200821 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20210126 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20210415 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20210514 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20211102 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20220124 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20220301 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20220405 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20220727 |
|
C60 | Trial request (containing other claim documents, opposition documents) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C60 Effective date: 20220727 |
|
A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20220804 |
|
C21 | Notice of transfer of a case for reconsideration by examiners before appeal proceedings |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: C21 Effective date: 20220816 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20221004 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20221101 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 7170533 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |