JP7443379B2 - 電極活物質の製造方法 - Google Patents
電極活物質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7443379B2 JP7443379B2 JP2021541056A JP2021541056A JP7443379B2 JP 7443379 B2 JP7443379 B2 JP 7443379B2 JP 2021541056 A JP2021541056 A JP 2021541056A JP 2021541056 A JP2021541056 A JP 2021541056A JP 7443379 B2 JP7443379 B2 JP 7443379B2
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 but not limited to Chemical class 0.000 description 33
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 31
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical group O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018626 Al(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002706 AlOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910017246 Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXULZQWIHKYPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O--].[O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Co++].[Ni++] CXULZQWIHKYPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005629 polypropylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009997 thermal pre-treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N trans-stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000385 transition metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
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- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Description
(a)以下の成分、
(A)Niと、Coと、Mn及びAlのうちの少なくとも1種との混合酸化物又は混合オキシ水酸化物、
(B)リチウム水酸化物、リチウム酸化物及びリチウムカーボネートから選択される少なくとも1種のリチウム化合物、及び
(C)1~7μmの範囲の平均直径D50を有する、少なくとも1種のZrの酸化物又は水酸化物又はオキシ水酸化物
を混合する工程であって、化合物(C)がZrの酸化物から選択される場合、その結晶子径が5~20nmの範囲である、工程と、
(b)上記混合物を650~1000℃の範囲の温度で熱処理に供する工程と、
を含む。
(A)以下にそれぞれオキシ水酸化物(A)又は酸化物(A)、又は一緒に前駆体(A)とも称される、Niと、Coと、Mn及びAlのうちの少なくとも1種と、任意にMg、Ti及びWのうちの少なくとも1種との混合酸化物又はオキシ水酸化物、及び
(B)以下にリチウム塩(B)又はリチウム化合物(B)とも称される、水酸化リチウム、酸化リチウム及びリチウムカーボネートから選択される少なくとも1種のリチウム化合物、及び
(C)以下に化合物(C)とも称される、1~7μmの範囲の平均直径D50を有する、少なくとも1種のZrの酸化物又は水酸化物又はオキシ水酸化物
を混合することを含み、
ここで、Ni、Co、及び該当する場合にMn又はAlの合計に対して少なくとも60モル%のTMはNiである。
(NiaCobMnc)1-d-eMdZre (I)
(式中、aは、0.6~0.95、好ましくは0.65~0.87の範囲であり、
bは、0.03~0.2、好ましくは0.05~0.1の範囲であり、
cは、ゼロ~0.2、好ましくは0.05~0.2、より好ましくは0.08~0.2の範囲であり、
dは、ゼロ~0.05の範囲であり、
eは、0.0001~0.01、好ましくは0.0001~0.005の範囲であり、
Mは、Al、Mg、Ti、W及び上記の少なくとも2種の組み合わせから選択され、
a+b+c=1であり、
ここで、cがゼロである場合、dがゼロより大きく、かつMがAlを含み、又は、MがAlを含まない又はdがゼロである場合、cがゼロより大きい)。
(D)Mg、Al、Ti又はWの少なくとも1種の酸化物又は水酸化物又はオキシ水酸化物、又は上記の少なくとも2種の混合物(以下化合物(D)とも称する)が含まれる。
(NiaCobMnc)1-d-eMdZre (I)
(式中、aは、0.6~0.95、好ましくは0.65~0.87の範囲であり、
bは、0.03~0.2、好ましくは0.05~0.1の範囲であり、
cは、ゼロ~0.2、好ましくは0.05~0.2、より好ましくは0.08~0.2の範囲であり、
dは、ゼロ~0.05の範囲であり、
eは、0.0001~0.01、好ましくは0.0001~0.005の範囲であり、
Mは、Al、Mg、Ti、W及び上記の少なくとも2種の組み合わせから選択され、
a+b+c=1である)、
ここで、前記電極活物質が、一次粒子の凝集体である球状の二次粒子から構成され、
前記一次粒子の外側ゾーンにZrが濃縮されている。
の化合物である。
(式中、Yが酸素及び硫黄から選択される場合、t=1であり、
Yが窒素及びリンから選択される場合、t=2であり、
Yが炭素及びケイ素から選択される場合、t=3である)。
(C.2):Zr(OH)4、(D50):4.0μm、アモルファス、BET-表面積:390m2/g
(C.3):ZrO2、nmでの結晶子径(XRDによる):6.0~10.5nm、(D50):3.4μm、BET-表面積:34m2/g、立方晶及び単斜晶相
(C.4):ZrO2、nmでの結晶子径(XRDによる):8.5~15.5nm、(D50):6.9μm、BET-表面積:103m2/g、立方晶及び単斜晶相
C-(C.5):ZrO2、nmでの結晶子径(XRDによる):31nm、(D.50):9.7μm、BET-表面積:25m2/g、単斜晶
C-(C.6):ZrO2、nmでの結晶子径(XRDによる):78nm、(D.50):0.7μm、BET-表面積:4m2/g、単斜晶
C-(C.7):Zr(OH)4、(D50):10μm超、アモルファス、BET-表面積:187m2/g
(D.1):MgO、(D50):1.5μm、BET-表面積:11m2/g
(D.2):γ-Al2O3、(D50):2.6μm、BET-表面積:142m2/g
(D.3):TiO2-アナターゼ、(D50):2.4μm、BET-表面積:87m2/g
(D.4):WO3、(D50):8.24μm、BET-表面積:7.6m2/g
BET-表面積の値は、それぞれ、真空下で200℃に12時間加熱した後に決定された。
脱イオン水及び1kgの水あたり49gの硫酸アンモニウムで、撹拌タンク反応器を充填した。溶液を55℃に加熱し、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加することにより12のpH値を調整した。
前駆体(A.1)を(C.1)及びLiOH一水和物(B.1)と混合し、Ni+Co+Mn+Zrに対して0.5モル%のZrの濃度、及び1.02のLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+Zr)のモル比を得た。この混合物を750℃に加熱し、酸素の強制流で6時間保持した。このようにして得られたカソード活物質CAM.31を、以下のように試験を行った。CAM.31は、45℃の温度で優れたサイクル性能及び抵抗成長挙動を示した。
したがって、コインハーフセルで電気化学試験を行って、表1に記載している100サイクル後の抵抗成長を得た。
Claims (10)
- 一般式Li1+xTM1-xO2(式中、TMは、Niと、Coと、Zrと、Mn及びAlから選択される少なくとも1種の金属と、任意にMg、Ti及びWのうちの少なくとも1種との組み合わせであり、Ni、Co、及び該当する場合にMn及びAlの合計に対して少なくとも60モル%はNiであり、xはゼロ~0.2の範囲である)による電極活物質の製造方法であって、前記方法が、以下の工程:
(a)以下の成分、
(A)Niと、Coと、Mn及びAlのうちの少なくとも1種との混合酸化物又は混合オキシ水酸化物、
(B)リチウム水酸化物、リチウム酸化物及びリチウムカーボネートから選択される少なくとも1種のリチウム化合物、及び
(C)1~7μmの範囲の平均直径D50を有する、少なくとも1種のZrの酸化物又は水酸化物又はオキシ水酸化物
を混合する工程であって、化合物(C)がZrの酸化物から選択される場合、その結晶子径が5~20nmの範囲である、工程と、
(b)前記混合物を650~1000℃の範囲の温度で熱処理に供する工程と、
を含む、方法。 - 前記電極活物質におけるTMが、一般式(I)
(NiaCobMnc)1-d-eMdZre (I)
(式中、aは、0.6~0.95の範囲であり、
bは、0.03~0.2の範囲であり、
cは、ゼロ~0.2の範囲であり、
dは、ゼロ~0.05の範囲であり、
eは、0.0001~0.01の範囲であり、
Mは、Al、Mg、Ti、W及び上記の少なくとも2種の組み合わせから選択され、
a+b+c=1であり、
ここで、cがゼロである場合、dがゼロより大きく、かつMがAlを含み、又は、MがAlを含まない又はdがゼロである場合、cがゼロより大きい)
による金属の組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 工程(a)における前記混合が乾燥状態で実行される、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 工程(b)がロータリーキルン又はローラーハースキルンで実行される、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 化合物(C)がZrO(OH)2、ZrO2・aq及びZr(OH)4から選択される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 化合物(C)が200~400m2/gの範囲の比表面積(BET)を有する、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前駆体(A)がMn、Co及びNiの酸化物である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前駆体(A)が、ニッケル、コバルト、及び該当する場合にマンガンの混合水酸化物を共沈させ、次に空気下で乾燥させて脱水することにより得られる、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電極活物質が、DIN-ISO 9277:2003-05に従って決定された、0.1~0.8m2/gの範囲の表面積(BET)を有する、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記混合工程(a)において、(D)Mg、Al、Ti又はWの少なくとも1種の酸化物又は水酸化物又はオキシ水酸化物が含まれる、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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