JP7168280B2 - 半導体装置、および、半導体チップの搭載方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置、および、半導体チップの搭載方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7168280B2 JP7168280B2 JP2018121381A JP2018121381A JP7168280B2 JP 7168280 B2 JP7168280 B2 JP 7168280B2 JP 2018121381 A JP2018121381 A JP 2018121381A JP 2018121381 A JP2018121381 A JP 2018121381A JP 7168280 B2 JP7168280 B2 JP 7168280B2
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- metal layer
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
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Description
最初に本願発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。
(1)本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置は、搭載基板と該搭載基板上にAuSn半田を介して搭載された半導体チップとを備え、該半導体チップは、前記搭載基板に対向する裏面側に形成されたAuからなる裏面金属層と、表面側に形成した発熱素子を有し、該発熱素子を形成した領域を除く前記裏面側で、NiCr、Ni、Tiのいずれか1つからなる半田阻止金属層が前記半導体チップの縁まで延びて露出し、前記半田阻止金属層が、前記裏面金属層の上に形成されている。
この構成により、AuSn半田に発生したボイドを、AuSn半田と濡れ性の悪い半田阻止金属層の周りに収集し、外部へ排除することが可能となる。これにより、半導体チップに形成した発熱素子の領域の裏面側において、AuSn半田内に生じる気泡の発生を減少させることができ、半導体チップからの熱を効率よく放熱することができる。
また、半田阻止金属層が裏面電極層の上に凸状に形成されるため、半田に生じた気泡の収集効率が高めることができる。
この構成により、裏面金属を選択電解メッキによって形成することができ、裏面電極の厚さの調整が容易になる。
この構成により、シード金属層を半田阻止金属層として兼用できるため、半導体チップの裏面に形成した金属層の総数を減少させることができる。
この構成により、半田阻止金属層の周りに収集した気泡を、半導体チップの外部へ排除させやすくなる。
この構成により、パッケージの底材に半導体チップを搭載した際に、半導体チップからの熱がパッケージの底材を通じて効率よく放熱する。
この構成により、AuSn半田に発生したボイドを、AuSn半田と濡れ性の悪い半田阻止金属層の周りに収集し、外部へ排除することが可能となる。このため、半導体チップに形成した発熱素子の領域の裏面側において、半田内に生じる気泡の発生を減少させることができ、半導体チップのからの熱を効率よく放熱することができる。また、半田阻止金属層が裏面電極層の上に突出して形成されるため、半田に生じた気泡の収集効率が高めることができる。
以下、図面を参照しながら、本発明の半導体装置、および、半導体チップの搭載方法に係る好適な実施形態について説明する。以下の説明において、異なる図面においても同じ符号を付した構成は同様のものであるとして、その説明を省略する場合がある。なお、本発明はこれらの実施形態での例示に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された事項の範囲内および均等の範囲内におけるすべての変更を含む。また、複数の実施形態について組み合わせが可能である限り、本発明は任意の実施形態を組み合わせたものを含む。
図1Aは、本発明の一実施形態に係る半導体装置の半導体チップの表面を模式的に示す図であり、図1Bは、図1Aに示す半導体チップの裏面を示す図である。また、図1Cは、本発明の一実施形態に係る半導体装置の断面を示す図であり、図1A、図1Bに示す半導体チップを搭載基板上に搭載した際の断面を示している。以下の説明では、半導体チップとして,MMICを例に説明するが、半導体チップとしてはこれに限られない。
次に、半導体チップの搭載方法について説明する。図2A~図2Jは、本発明の一実施形態に係る半導体チップの搭載方法における各工程を説明するための図である。図2Aは表面プロセス工程、図2Bはフォトレジスト塗布工程、図2Cは支持基板貼付工程、図2Dは裏面研磨工程、図2Eはシード金属層形成工程、図2Fは裏面金属層メッキ工程、図2Gは半田阻止金属層形成工程、図2Hは半田阻止金属層パターニング工程、図2Iはエキスパンディングテープ貼付工程、図2Jはダイシング工程をそれぞれ示しており、各工程が順次行われる。なお、図2A~図2Jにおいて、各構成部材の厚さの関係は、目視し易くするために実際の厚さの関係と異ならせている。また、図1Cは、ダイボンディング工程を説明するために用いられる。
表面プロセス工程では、図2Aに示すように、厚さ500μm程度の半導体基板10の表面上にGaA等のエピタキシャル層20を形成し、このエピタキシャル層20に、能動素子、およびエピタキシャル層20上に絶縁層を介して受動素子、伝送線路などを形成し、MMICを構成する複数の半導体チップ1を形成する。これらの素子は、既存の半導体製造技術を用いて作製される。例えば、図1Aに示すように、多段のアンプ21~23とこれらのアンプ21~23を接続する伝送線路25が形成される。
次に、図2Bに示すように、基板10の表面側に形成した各素子を保護するために、基板の表面側(エピタキシャル層20側)にフォトレジスト30を塗布し、さらに、フォトレジスト30の上にワックス(図示しない)を塗布する。
次に、基板10の裏面側(エピタキシャル層20の反対面側)の処理のために、図2Cに示すように、表面側(エピタキシャル層20側)をガラス製の支持基板40に対向させて貼り付ける。
次に、図2Dに示すように、基板10が所定の厚さとなるように裏面をグラインダで研磨する。基板10の厚さは、表面に形成した信号線用の金属パターンと裏面金属層60とが基板10を介してマイクロストリップ線路を形成する際に、線路の特性インピーダンスを所望の値にするために調整される。なお、表面側のグランド電位の金属パターンと裏面金属層60とは図示しないビアホールを介して電気的に接続される。本工程で、基板10は例えば100μm程度の厚さに研磨される。
次に、図2Eに示すように、シード金属層50として、NiCrとAuの2層からなるシード金属層50をSiC基板10の裏面に全面スパッタリングによって形成する。このシード金属層50は、後工程で裏面金属層60を選択電解メッキで形成するために用いられる。シード金属層50のNiCrとAuは、それぞれ、例えば200nmと2000nmの厚さで形成される。
基板10には、図2Fに示すように、所定幅D1を有するスクライブラインで区画され複数の半導体チップが形成されている。シード金属層50を形成した後、シード金属層50の全面にフォトレジストを設け、半導体チップの領域を残して、スクライブライン間の幅D1を覆うフォトレジスト61によってパターニングする。そして、半導体チップの裏面に露出したシード金属層50上に、Auからなる裏面金属層60を例えば10μmの厚さで選択電解メッキにより形成する。フォトレジスト61は裏面金属層60の形成後に除去する。
次に、図2Gに示すように、フォトレジスト61を除去した後、AuSn半田と濡れ性の悪い、例えば、NiCrを裏面金属層60の全面にスパッタリングよって形成し、厚さ50nm程度の金属層70を設ける。その後、金属層70上に、フォトレジスト71をパターニングする。
次に、フォトレジスト71をマスクとして金属層70をエッチングし、図2Hに示すように、裏面金属層60の上に幅100μm程度のライン状の金属層70を残す。この金属層70は、図1Bに示すように、半導体チップ1の領域Bに半導体チップ1の縁から他方の縁まで延びている。この工程は、図2Gに示すように、NiCrからなる金属層70を残す領域をフォトレジスト71でマスクし、金属層70をウェットエッチンし、その後、フォトレジスト71を除去することによって行われる。
次に、図2Iに示すように、基板10の裏面側をエキスパンディングテープ80に貼り付けた後、表面側のワックス(図示なし)とフォトレジスト30を除去し、基板を支持基板40から外す。なお、表面側のワックス(図示なし)とフォトレジスト30を除去して、基板10を支持基板40から外した後、基板10の裏面側をエキスパンディングテープ80に貼り付けてもよい。この工程では、基板10はダイシング前であるので、各半導体チップ1は分離することがない。
次に、図2Jに示すように、基板10の表面側からダイシングにより、半導体チップ1を分離する。ダイシングは、スクライブラインに沿って、例えば、スクライブラインの幅D1内で、スクライブラインの幅D1よりも狭い幅D2を有するダイシングブレードを用いて行う。そして、各半導体チップ1をエキスパンディングテープ80から外し、個々の半導体チップ1を得る。
次に、図1Cに示すように、個々の半導体チップ1を、例えば配線基板、あるいは、パッケージの底材(金属製)からなる搭載基板100上にダイボンディングする。ダイボンディングは、搭載基板100上に予めAuSn半田90をボール状あるいはシート状(薄膜状)に設けておき、例えば、320°Cの窒素ガス(N2)雰囲気中でAuSn半田90を搭載基板100の上で溶かし、搭載基板100上で半導体チップ1をスクラブする(擦り合わせる)ことにより行う。
本発明では、裏面金属層60と搭載基板100とをAuSn半田90を用いて固着する際に、AuSn半田90に生じる気泡を、AuSn半田90と濡れ性の悪い金属層70のパターンによって収集し、半導体チップ1の外部へ排出できるようにしている。このため、金属層70のパターンは、半導体チップ1の裏面から見た際に、裏面金属層60から露出していればよい。第1の実施形態では、基板10の裏面側にシード金属層50と裏面金属層60を順番に設け、裏面金属層60の上に金属層70をパターニングすることにより、金属層70を露出させている。
10…基板、
20…エピタキシャル層、
21…初段アンプ、
22…中段アンプ、
23…終段アンプ、
24…FET、
25…伝送線路、
30…フォトレジスト、
40…支持基板、
50…シード金属層、
60…裏面金属層、
61…フォトレジスト、
70…半田阻止金属層、
71…フォトレジスト、
80…エキスパンディングテープ、
90…AuSn半田、
100…搭載基板。
Claims (6)
- 搭載基板と該搭載基板上にAuSn半田を介して搭載された半導体チップとを備え、
該半導体チップは、前記搭載基板に対向する裏面側に形成されたAuからなる裏面金属層と、表面側に形成した発熱素子を有し、
該発熱素子を形成した領域を除く前記裏面側で、NiCr、Ni、Tiのいずれか1つからなる半田阻止金属層が前記半導体チップの縁まで延びて露出し、
前記半田阻止金属層が、前記裏面金属層の上に形成されている、
半導体装置。 - 前記裏面金属層が、前記半導体チップの前記裏面側に形成したシード金属層の上に形成されている、請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記シード金属層が、NiCr、Ni、Tiのいずれか1つからなる半田阻止金属層として形成され、該半田阻止金属層が前記裏面金属層の除去部分で露出している、請求項2に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記半田阻止金属層が、前記半導体チップの一の縁から、該一の縁と対向する他の縁にまで直線状に露出している、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記搭載基板は、前記半導体チップを収納するパッケージの底材である、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 半導体発熱素子を含む第1の領域と、前記半導体発熱素子を含まない第2の領域を有する半導体チップを搭載基板上にAuSn半田を介して搭載する半導体チップの搭載方法であって、
前記半導体チップの裏面にシード金属層を形成する工程と、
前記シード金属層の上にAuからなる裏面金属層を形成する工程と、
前記裏面金属層の上の前記第2の領域内に、NiCr、Ni、Tiのいずれか1つからなり前記半導体チップの縁まで延びる半田阻止金属層を選択的に形成する工程と、
前記裏面金属層を前記AuSn半田に接触させ、前記半導体チップを前記搭載基板上でスクラブする工程と、を有する半導体チップの搭載方法。
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