JP2007294899A - 半田層及びそれを用いた電子デバイス接合用基板並びに電子デバイス接合用サブマウント - Google Patents
半田層及びそれを用いた電子デバイス接合用基板並びに電子デバイス接合用サブマウント Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007294899A JP2007294899A JP2007067629A JP2007067629A JP2007294899A JP 2007294899 A JP2007294899 A JP 2007294899A JP 2007067629 A JP2007067629 A JP 2007067629A JP 2007067629 A JP2007067629 A JP 2007067629A JP 2007294899 A JP2007294899 A JP 2007294899A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solder layer
- electronic device
- substrate
- layer
- submount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 307
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 43
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 41
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 38
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 22
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 20
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910015363 Au—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017980 Ag—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910016338 Bi—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007610 Zn—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
- B23K35/007—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of copper or another noble metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
- B23K35/025—Pastes, creams, slurries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3013—Au as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/38—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
- B23K35/383—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area mainly containing noble gases or nitrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/28—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L24/29—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual layer connector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L24/32—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of an individual layer connector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L24/33—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of a plurality of layer connectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/40—Semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/28—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/29—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual layer connector
- H01L2224/29001—Core members of the layer connector
- H01L2224/29099—Material
- H01L2224/291—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/29101—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of less than 400°C
- H01L2224/29109—Indium [In] as principal constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/28—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/29—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual layer connector
- H01L2224/29001—Core members of the layer connector
- H01L2224/29099—Material
- H01L2224/291—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/29101—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of less than 400°C
- H01L2224/29111—Tin [Sn] as principal constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/32—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of an individual layer connector
- H01L2224/3205—Shape
- H01L2224/32057—Shape in side view
- H01L2224/32058—Shape in side view being non uniform along the layer connector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/32—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of an individual layer connector
- H01L2224/3205—Shape
- H01L2224/32057—Shape in side view
- H01L2224/32059—Shape in side view comprising protrusions or indentations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/32—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of an individual layer connector
- H01L2224/321—Disposition
- H01L2224/32151—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
- H01L2224/32221—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
- H01L2224/32225—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
【解決手段】 基板11上に形成される鉛を含まない半田層14又はこの半田層を有する電子デバイス接合用基板10であって、半田層14の比抵抗を0.4Ω・μm以下とする。電子デバイス接合用基板10の熱抵抗を0.5K/W以下とし、半田層14の厚みを10μm以下とすることができる。この場合、半田層14内に含まれるボイドの最大径が0.5μm以下である。基板としては、サブマウント基板を用いてもよい。
【選択図】 図1
Description
本発明の他の構成による鉛を含まない半田層は、層内に含まれるボイドの最大径が0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする。
本発明の他の構成の鉛を含まない半田層は、電子デバイスを接合していて、層内に含まれるボイドの最大径が0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする。
上記各構成において、半田層の溶解凝固後の厚みは、好ましくは10μm以下である。
本発明の他の構成に係る電子デバイス接合用基板は、基板と基板上に形成される鉛を含まない半田層とを含み、半田層内に含まれるボイドの最大径が0.5μm以下である。
上記各構成において、電子デバイス接合用基板の熱抵抗は、好ましくは、0.5K/W以下である。半田層の溶解凝固後の厚みは、好ましくは10μm以下である。基板は、電子デバイスを接合するためのサブマウント基板であってよい。
本発明の半田層は、所定の基板上に形成されており、鉛を含まない半田、即ち、Pbフリー半田から成る。本発明における鉛を含まない半田層とは、故意には鉛を成分としない半田である。鉛を含まない半田層の成分中に精製の際に不可避的に含まれる残留物としての鉛は、環境等に影響を与えない程度が含まれていてもよい。この鉛を含まない半田としては、例えば銀(Ag)、金(Au)、銅(Cu)、亜鉛(Zn)、ニッケル(Ni)、インジウム(In)、ガリウム(Ga)、ビスマス(Bi)、アルミニウム(Al)、スズ(Sn)のうち、2種類以上の元素を含んだ半田を用いるのが好ましい。
なお、溶融凝固とは、基板上に形成された半田層を、一旦融点以上に加熱して溶解させ、その後融点以下に冷却して凝固させることをいう。
ここで、電子デバイスとは、半導体装置、半導体装置による集積回路などの能動素子、抵抗、コンデンサ、インダクタンス、スイッチなどの各種の受動部品を含む回路用部品を意味する。
本発明の電子デバイス接合用基板は、セラミック基板やプリント基板などの基板上に、銅やAu(金)を主成分とする電子デバイスを動作させるための電気回路や電子回路配線や金属層が形成され、さらにその配線や金属層上に、電子デバイス接合用基板と電子デバイスを接合するための鉛を含まない半田層が形成されている。そして、この鉛を含まない半田層は、半田層中に存在するボイドの数が少なく、ボイドの寸法も小さいため、半田層の比抵抗が小さくなっている。特に、溶解凝固後のボイドの最大径を0.5μm以下にすることにより、溶解凝固後の半田層の比抵抗を0.4Ω・μm以下とすることができる。半田層は比抵抗が小さいので、ジュール熱の発生や消費電力を抑制することができる。さらに、半田層のボイド密度を1個/μm2 以下とすることで、半田層の比抵抗を0.2Ω・μm以下とすることができる。
図1は本発明に係る電子デバイス接合用基板10の構造を示す断面図である。本発明の電子デバイス接合用基板10は、図1に示されているように、基板11と、基板11の上面、即ち、半導体装置を搭載する側の面上に形成される密着層12と、その密着層12上に形成される電極層13と、電極層13上に形成される半田層14と、から構成される。半導体装置を搭載する上面と反対の面、即ち、金属放射体を被着する基板11の裏面の一部又は全部には、密着層15が形成され、密着層15上に半田層16を必要に応じて形成してもよい。基板11の裏面側の密着層15及び半田層16は、それぞれ、上面側の密着層12及び半田層14の材料で形成されてもよいし、異なる材料で形成されてもよい。
なお、密着層12上に拡散防止層(図示せず)を介在させてもよい。この拡散防止層は白金やパラジウム(Pd)等を用いることができる。
なお、電極層13と半田層14との間に、半田バリア層(図示せず)を介在させてもよい。この半田バリア層は、電極層13を構成する金などの半田層14への拡散を防止し、半田層14の融点上昇を防止するので、半田拡散防止層とも呼ばれる。なお、半田バリア層は白金やパラジウム(Pd)等を用いることができる。
上記の電子デバイス接合用基板10によれば、電子デバイス接合用基板10の熱抵抗を0.5K/W以下とすることができ、発光素子のような電子デバイスが駆動中に発生した熱を効率よく基板11に伝熱して放熱させることができる。
図2は、図1の電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aに半導体装置1を搭載して構成した電子部品20の断面を示す図である。図2に示すように、電子部品20は、本発明の電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aの半田層14を介して、半導体装置1の下部電極1Aと半田層14とが半田接合されてサブマウント基板11Aに半導体装置1が搭載されている。また、半導体装置1の上部電極1Bは、図示しない外部端子と金線2Bなどによりワイヤボンディングされる。一方、図示するように、半田層14を積層していない電極層13上には、図示しない外部端子と金線2Aなどによりワイヤボンディングされ、半導体装置1と半田層14と電極層13と各金線2A及び2Bで電気回路が形成される。
なお、サブマウント基板11Aは、基板11と同様の材料を用いることができる。半導体装置1は、レーザダイオードや発光ダイオードなどの発光素子や、ダイオード、高周波増幅やスイッチングに使用されるトランジスタやサイリスタなどのような能動素子や集積回路などを挙げることができる。半導体装置1以外には、受動部品、スイッチなどを含む電子デバイスでもよい。
次に、真空蒸着装置やスパッタ装置などにより密着層12及び電極層13となる金属を蒸着し、アセトンなどを用いてレジスト全体を溶解させることにより、密着層12及び電極層13となる領域以外の金属をリフトオフにより除去し、所定の密着層12及び電極層13を形成する。
半田層14の形成に際して、好ましい真空度は1×10-3Pa以下である。これよりも低真空の場合には、蒸着時の蒸発原子が残存ガス分子と衝突することでサブマウント基板11Aまで直進できなくなり、その結果、成膜時に均一な膜を形成したり、表面粗さの小さい半田層14を形成することができなくなるので好ましくない。
高熱伝導性(230W/mK)を有する焼結窒化アルミニウム基板11Aの両面をラッピング装置によって研削し、ポリッシング装置を用いて仕上げ研磨を実施した。このときの窒化アルミニウム基板11Aの表面粗さは、0.03μmであった。表面粗さの測定には、表面粗さ測定装置(Tencor Instruments社製、モデルP−2)を用いて、1mm範囲のライン測定を3回行い、その測定値の平均値を求めた。
次に、研磨した窒化アルミニウム基板11Aを洗浄した。続いて、フォトリソグラフィ法によるパターニングを行うため、窒化アルミニウム基板11Aの表面全体にスピナーを用いてレジストを均一に塗布した後、ベーキング炉によって所定のベーキングを行い、マスクアライナー装置を用いてコンタクト露光を行った。露光用のマスクは窒化アルミニウム基板11A寸法で所定の個分を同時にパターニング出来るようにマスクを設計した。露光後、テトラメチルアンモニウム系の現像液により、電極層13となる部分のレジストを溶解し、窒化アルミニウム基板11Aを露出させた。
露出させた窒化アルミニウム基板11Aの表面を酸素プラズマアッシャー処理(圧力1Pa、高周波電力300W、2分間処理)を行い、窒化アルミニウム基板11Aの表面の炭素濃度を低減化した。
次に、真空蒸着装置により密着層12としてTi、拡散防止層としてPt、電極層13としてAuを蒸着し、アセトンを用いてレジスト全体を溶解させることにより、密着層12及び電極層13を形成する領域以外のTi、白金及びAuをリフトオフで除去した。この電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aの密着層12、半田拡散防止層、電極層13の蒸着面積は、2mm×40mmとし、厚みはそれぞれ0.05μm、0.2μm、0.5μmとした。
次に、窒化アルミニウム基板11Aの所定の箇所を、ダイシング装置を用いて切断し、電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aを得た。
(比較例1)
実施例1と同様にして電子デバイス接合用サブマウントを製造した。ただし、比較例1では、実施例1で行なった電極層13の形成前の窒化アルミニウム11基板の表面清浄化と、半田層14の形成前の電極層13の表面清浄化は、行なわなかった。
図4は、発光ダイオード1を実装した電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aをステムに実装した様子を示す模式的な断面図である。図4に示すように、発光ダイオード1が半田接合された電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aは、ステム40上に低温半田やAgペースト42を用いて接着することで搭載されており、任意の温度Tja1に保持した恒温槽内に設置される。図4では、発光ダイオード1への配線は示していない。この発光ダイオード1に発熱が無視できる定電流I、例えば1mAを通電し、このときの発光ダイオード1の順方向電圧Vfa1を測定する。次に、恒温槽の温度をTja2に変化させて維持し、定電流Iを通電したときの発光ダイオード1の順方向電圧Vfa2を測定する。恒温槽の温度を変化させて同様の測定を繰り返すことで、発光ダイオード1の周囲温度Tjと順方向電圧Vfの関係が得られる。
図5に示すグラフから、発光ダイオード1の順方向電圧は、線形近似で下記(5)式で表わされる。
このように求めた発光ダイオード1の順方向電圧Vfの温度特性から、その温度依存性(ΔVf/ΔTj)を求める。
図6は、発光ダイオード1に直流定電流を流したときのタイムチャートである。図において、縦軸は順方向電圧Vf(任意目盛)であり、横軸は時間(任意目盛)である。図6に示すように、発光ダイオード1には直流定電流をIf1,If2,If1の順に印加し、そのときの順方向電圧をオシロスコープなどで測定する。電流をIf1からIf2,次に、If2からIf1に変化させるときには過渡電圧が生じる。このため、図示するようにIf2の通電時間及びIf2からIf1に戻した際のIf1の通電時間は、それぞれ定常状態のVf2及びVf1値が得られるまで通電した。このとき、電流値をIf2からIf1に変化させた際に、測定電圧が最初に電流値If1を通電したときの順方向電圧Vf1よりも低い値(Vf3)をとった後、一定時間経過後にVf1で安定する。発光ダイオード1の順方向電圧の最低値Vf3と、Vf1の差をΔVfとする。予め求めておいた発光ダイオードのVfの温度依存性(ΔVf/ΔTj)より、ΔTjを導出する。
ここで、熱抵抗の定義である単位電力当りの温度上昇から、下記(6)式のように、発光ダイオード1の熱抵抗Rを求めることができる。
図7は、本発明の電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aを用いないで、発光ダイオード1をステム40に直接実装した様子を示す模式的な断面図である。図7に示すように、上記の熱抵抗測定を行った電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aを搭載した同じステム40に低温半田やAgペースト等の導電ペースト42により発光ダイオード1を直接実装する。この場合の熱抵抗は、上記と同じ方法により測定した。このステム40に直接発光ダイオード1を実装したときの熱抵抗と、ステム40に電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aを介して発光ダイオード1を実装したときの熱抵抗との差が、半田層14を含む本発明の電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aの熱抵抗となる。
表1から明らかなように、SIMSによれば、実施例1及び比較例1において、Au電極層13表面の炭素濃度は、それぞれ、9×1019atoms/cm3、3×1020atoms/cm3であった。ESCA測定においては、Au電極層13表面における炭素の信号強度は、金の信号強度に対してそれぞれ、0.025倍、0.085倍であった。SIMS及びESCAの測定から、実施例1のAu電極層13表面の清浄化を行った場合に、その表面の炭素濃度が減少していることが分かった。
一方、比較例1で製造した電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aにおける半田層14の表面粗さは、溶解凝固前後でそれぞれ、0.04μm、0.305μmであり、半田層14の形成前に清浄化工程を行わなかった比較例1では、半田層14の溶解凝固前の表面荒さは実施例1とほぼ同等の値であるが、半田層14の溶解凝固後の表面荒さは著しく大きくなることが判明した。上記結果から、半田層14の形成前にAu電極層13表面の清浄化工程を行い、Au電極層13表面の炭素濃度を低くした実施例1では、半田層14の溶解凝固前後の表面荒さが変化しないことが分かった。
一方、比較例1で製造した電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aにおける半田層14の比抵抗は、溶解凝固前後でそれぞれ、0.498Ω・μm、0.503Ω・μmであった。上記結果から、半田層14の形成前に清浄化工程を行い、Au電極層13表面の炭素濃度を低くした実施例1の場合に、半田層14の溶解凝固前後の比抵抗は殆ど変化しなかった。
しかしながら、半田層14の形成前に清浄化工程を行わなかった比較例1の場合には、半田層14の溶解凝固前後の比抵抗は、実施例1の約5倍の大きさとなり、Au電極層13表面の炭素濃度が高くなると半田層14の比抵抗が大きくなることが判明した。
実施例2との比較のために、半田層14を形成する際の成膜条件を、基板温度を120℃とした以外は、実施例2と同様にして比較例2の電子デバイス接合用サブマウントを製造した。
一方、基板温度を120℃とした比較例2において、半田層14の表面粗さは溶融凝固後で約2倍に増加し、比抵抗も溶融凝固後で約4倍に増加した。そして、電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aの熱抵抗も0.5K/W以上となり、その結果発光ダイオード1の発光出力も低下することが分かる。
これにより、半田層14の成膜温度を80℃以下、成膜速度を2nm/秒とすることで、半田層14の溶解凝固後においてもその比抵抗が略0.4Ωμm以下、かつ電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aの熱抵抗が0.5K/W以下になることが判明した。
半田層14の溶解凝固後の比抵抗について検討すると、実施例1〜6の比抵抗は、比較例1及び2よりも小さい。これにより、発光ダイオードの順方向電圧も、2.67V前後に抑えられる。このため、電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aにおいて、半田層14の溶解凝固後の比抵抗は、0.4Ω・μm以下であることがよいことが判明した。また、半田層14の溶解前の表面粗さは0.05μm以下、溶解凝固後の表面粗さは0.4μm以下であることがよいことも判明した。さらに、半田層14の表面粗さを0.4μm以下と小さくすることが可能となり、光の反射率も向上させることが可能となった。このため、電子デバイス接合用サブマウント10Aに搭載した発光ダイオードで生じる光を効率良く表側に出射することができた。
図8(a),(b)は、実施例2の電子デバイス接合用サブマウントに発光ダイオードを搭載し、その切断面を観察したときの走査型電子顕微鏡像とその説明図である。図8から分かるように、半田層14は発光ダイオード1との接合面が平坦であり、半田層14中にボイドは殆ど観察できなかった。なお、符号1aは、発光ダイオードの基板である。
一方、比較例2では、その測定面積中のボイドの数は31個であり、上述の方法で測定したボイド径のうち、最大のボイド径(以下、最大ボイド径と呼ぶ)は0.61μm、平均ボイド径は0.16μmであり、ボイド総面積は0.93μm2 であった。これらの値に基づいて計算したところ、ボイド面積分率は0.06%、ボイド個数密度は1.84個/μm2 であった。
実施例1では、比較例2と比較して、ボイド数のピークはその最大径が0.1μm近傍にあり、比較例2と比較して小さくなっており、ボイドの最大径は、0.5μm程度であることが判明した。また、観測されるボイドの数も比較例に比べ少なくなっていることが分かる。
上記実施例では、鉛を含まない半田層14はAu−Sn、Ag−Snで形成されているが、銀、金、銅、亜鉛、ニッケル、インジウム、ガリウム、ビスマス、アルミニウム、スズのうち、2種類以上の元素を含んでいてもよい。
1a:発光ダイオードの基板
1A:下部電極
1B:上部電極
2A,2B:金線
10:電子デバイス接合用基板
10A:電子デバイス接合用サブマウント
11:基板
11A:サブマウント基板
12,15:密着層
13:電極層
14,16:半田層
20:電子部品
31:直流電源
32:電流Iの流入端子
33:電圧端子
40:ステム
42:低温半田
Claims (9)
- 基板上に形成される鉛を含まない半田層であって、
上記半田層の比抵抗が0.4Ω・μm以下であることを特徴とする、半田層。 - 基板上に形成される鉛を含まない半田層であって、
上記半田層内に含まれるボイドの最大径が0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする、半田層。 - 電子デバイスを接合した鉛を含まない半田層であって、
上記半田層内に含まれるボイドの最大径が0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする、半田層。 - 前記半田層の溶解凝固後の厚みが10μm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の半田層。
- 基板と該基板上に形成される鉛を含まない半田層とを含む電子デバイス接合用基板であって、
上記半田層の比抵抗が0.4Ω・μm以下であることを特徴とする、電子デバイス接合用基板。 - 基板と該基板上に形成される鉛を含まない半田層とを含む電子デバイス接合用基板であって、
上記半田層に含まれるボイドの最大径が0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする、電子デバイス接合用基板。 - 前記電子デバイス接合用基板の熱抵抗が0.5K/W以下であることを特徴とする、請求項5又は6に記載の電子デバイス接合用基板。
- 前記半田層の厚みが10μm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項5又は6に記載の電子デバイス接合用基板。
- 基板と該基板上に形成される鉛を含まない半田層とを含む電子デバイス接合用サブマウントであって、
上記半田層の厚さが5μm以下であり、その比抵抗が0.4Ω・μm以下であることを特徴とする、電子デバイス接合用サブマウント。
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JP2008047604A (ja) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-02-28 | Tokuyama Corp | メタライズ基板、半導体装置 |
JP2009158816A (ja) * | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-16 | Rohm Co Ltd | 半導体装置 |
JP2010062388A (ja) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-18 | Kobe Steel Ltd | ダイヤモンド半導体素子 |
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JP2009158816A (ja) * | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-16 | Rohm Co Ltd | 半導体装置 |
JP2010062388A (ja) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-18 | Kobe Steel Ltd | ダイヤモンド半導体素子 |
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Also Published As
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US8404359B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 |
US20070228105A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
DE102007015115A1 (de) | 2007-10-25 |
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