JP7084268B2 - 燃料電池のエージング方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池のエージング方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 186
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 230000032677 cell aging Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 162
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 80
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
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- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/04873—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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Description
(1)燃料極、電解質膜及び酸化剤極を有する膜電極接合体を備える燃料電池のエージング方法であって、
燃料極及び酸化剤極の間で、負荷印加における最低セル電位とOCVとを繰り返す電位サイクルを有し、
電位サイクルにおいて、
燃料極に燃料ガスを供給し、
酸化剤極に酸化剤ガス及び一酸化炭素ガスを供給する
方法。
(2)電位サイクルの負荷印加時において酸化剤極に酸化剤ガス及び一酸化炭素ガスを供給し、電位サイクルの負荷停止時において酸化剤極に酸化剤ガスを供給する、(1)に記載の方法。
(3)酸化剤極に窒素ガスをさらに供給し、燃料電池のセル温度が70℃~90℃であり、負荷印加における最低セル電位が-0.1V~0.4Vであり、OCVが0.8V~1.1Vであり、負荷印加における最低セル電位からOCVになるまでの電位の変位速度及びOCVから負荷印加における最低セル電位になるまでの電位の変位速度が0.4V/秒~1.0V/秒である、(1)又は(2)に記載の方法。
(4)一酸化炭素ガスの供給量が、酸化剤極に供給する全気体の体積に対して、2体積%~4体積%である、(1)~(3)のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
本明細書では、適宜図面を参照して本発明の特徴を説明する。図面では、明確化のために各部の寸法及び形状を誇張しており、実際の寸法及び形状を正確に描写してはいない。それ故、本発明の技術的範囲は、これら図面に表された各部の寸法及び形状に限定されるものではない。なお、本発明の燃料電池のエージング方法は、下記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において、当業者がおこない得る変更、改良などを施した種々の形態にて実施することができる。
本発明の方法によりエージングされる燃料電池としては、当該技術分野で公知の固体高分子型燃料電池を使用することができ、当該固体高分子型燃料電池は、製造直後のものであることが好ましい。本発明の方法によりエージングされる燃料電池は、通常、膜電極接合体(MEA)とセパレータとからなる単セルが複数個積層された構造を備えている。
空気極(カソード):O2+4H++4e-→2H2O
燃料極(アノード):2H2→4H++4e-
において触媒作用を示すものであれば限定されるものではなく、当該技術分野で公知の金属触媒を使用することができる。金属触媒としては、限定されないが、例えば、白金や白金合金、パラジウム、ロジウム、金、銀、オスミウム、イリジウムなどを使用することができる。また、白金合金としては、限定されないが、例えば、白金と、アルミニウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、ガリウム、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、バナジウム、タングステン、レニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、チタン及び鉛のうちの少なくとも一種との合金などを使用することができる。触媒金属としては、白金が好ましい。
本発明を実施するためのシステムの一実施形態において、燃料電池のエージングシステムは、燃料電池、負荷印加ユニット、燃料供給ユニット、酸化剤供給ユニット、及び一酸化炭素供給ユニットにより構成される。燃料電池のエージングシステムは、場合により、窒素供給ユニット、水分供給ユニット、空気供給ユニット、各気体の混合ユニット、温度測定ユニット、熱交換ユニット、圧力測定ユニット、露点測定ユニット及び/又は各ユニットの制御ユニットをさらに含む。
本発明のエージング方法では、燃料極と酸化剤極との間に負荷印加ユニットを接続することで、燃料電池に負荷印加における最低セル電位とOCV(開回路電圧)とを繰り返す電位サイクルを印加し、さらに、電位サイクルにおいて、燃料極に燃料ガス、酸化剤極に酸化剤ガス及び一酸化炭素ガスを供給する。
まず、モデル実験として、Ptを触媒とした固体高分子型燃料電池の膜-電極接合体(MEA)を、一酸化炭素で飽和した70℃の温水に浸漬した。
固体高分子型燃料電池を、表1に記載の条件下で、80℃のセル温度で、エージングした。なお、エージング時間は、一酸化炭素ガスを供給する前の準備運転の時間を含む。
Claims (4)
- 燃料極、電解質膜及び酸化剤極を有する膜電極接合体を備える燃料電池のエージング方法であって、
燃料極及び酸化剤極の間で、負荷印加における最低セル電位とOCVとを繰り返す電位サイクルを有し、
電位サイクルにおいて、
燃料極に燃料ガスを供給し、
酸化剤極に酸化剤ガス及び一酸化炭素ガスを供給し、
一酸化炭素ガスが一酸化炭素供給ユニットにより酸化剤極に供給される、
方法。 - 電位サイクルの負荷印加時において酸化剤極に酸化剤ガス及び一酸化炭素ガスを供給し、電位サイクルの負荷停止時において酸化剤極に酸化剤ガスを供給する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 酸化剤極に窒素ガスをさらに供給し、燃料電池のセル温度が70℃~90℃であり、負荷印加における最低セル電位が-0.1V~0.4Vであり、OCVが0.8V~1.1Vであり、負荷印加における最低セル電位からOCVになるまでの電位の変位速度及びOCVから負荷印加における最低セル電位になるまでの電位の変位速度が0.4V/秒~1.0V/秒である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 一酸化炭素ガスの供給量が、酸化剤極に供給する全気体の体積に対して、2体積%~4体積%である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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US16/554,993 US11081714B2 (en) | 2018-09-21 | 2019-08-29 | Aging method of fuel cell |
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JP2007149360A (ja) | 2005-11-24 | 2007-06-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 燃料電池発電システム |
JP2009277637A (ja) | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-26 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池の活性化方法 |
JP2010272362A (ja) | 2009-05-21 | 2010-12-02 | Aquafairy Kk | 燃料電池の活性化方法および燃料電池システム |
JP2016066407A (ja) | 2014-09-22 | 2016-04-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の特性回復方法および燃料電池システム |
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JP2010192221A (ja) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-09-02 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池のコンディショニング方法およびコンディショニングシステム |
US9786934B2 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2017-10-10 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Performance recovery of a fuel cell |
JP6728006B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-21 | 2020-07-22 | 株式会社東芝 | 燃料電池の運転方法、燃料電池システム及び車両 |
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JP2007149360A (ja) | 2005-11-24 | 2007-06-14 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 燃料電池発電システム |
JP2009277637A (ja) | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-26 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池の活性化方法 |
JP2010272362A (ja) | 2009-05-21 | 2010-12-02 | Aquafairy Kk | 燃料電池の活性化方法および燃料電池システム |
JP2016066407A (ja) | 2014-09-22 | 2016-04-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の特性回復方法および燃料電池システム |
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