JP7066913B2 - 持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体及びこれを含む薬剤学的組成物 - Google Patents
持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体及びこれを含む薬剤学的組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7066913B2 JP7066913B2 JP2021503113A JP2021503113A JP7066913B2 JP 7066913 B2 JP7066913 B2 JP 7066913B2 JP 2021503113 A JP2021503113 A JP 2021503113A JP 2021503113 A JP2021503113 A JP 2021503113A JP 7066913 B2 JP7066913 B2 JP 7066913B2
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Description
本開示は、一側面において、脂肪酸と結合された生殖腺ホルモン放出ホルモン(gonadotropin-releasing hormone;GnRH)誘導体であり、持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体または薬剤学的に許容可能なその塩に関するものであってもよい。
pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly(配列番号1)
本開示において用語「GnRH誘導体」は、GnRHと構造的に類似するものの、体内で異なる方式で作用する物質を意味し得る。GnRH誘導体、特に作用剤(agonist)に該当する誘導体の初期投与時には、GnRH誘導体がGnRH受容体に結合しながら濾胞刺激ホルモン(FSH)及び黄体ホルモン(LH)の体内合成と分泌を一定水準促進するようになる。しかし、GnRH誘導体の体内濃度が持続的に維持される場合には生殖腺刺激ホルモンが枯渇し、GnRH受容体が下向調節されて濾胞刺激ホルモン及び黄体ホルモンの合成と分泌がむしろ抑制される矛盾する効果(即ち、拮抗的阻害効果)を有するようになる。このような効果を通じて、性ホルモン依存性疾患の予防または治療に用いられ得、性成熟を抑制するのに用いられ得る。
本開示は、一側面において、本開示の一側面による持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体を有効成分として含む薬剤学的組成物に関するものであってもよい。
天然型哺乳動物のGnRH配列は、下記の通りである。
pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly(配列番号1)
前記哺乳動物のGnRH配列で6番目のGlyをD-Leuに置換し、10番目のGlyをdes-Gly(デス-グリシン)に置換してエチルアミド基に切り替えたLeuprolide(登録商標)を本開示の一側面による誘導体及び脂肪酸結合誘導体のバックボーン(back bone)として用いた。
pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Leu-Leu-Arg-Pro-NHEt(配列番号2)
前記リュープロレリン配列において1番目のアミノ酸であるグルタミン酸を維持した誘導体とこれをグルタミンに置換した誘導体を以下のような製造方法を通じて作った。参考までに、トリプトレリンの配列は、下記の通りである。
pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2(配列番号3)
(1)GnRH誘導体ペプチドの製造方法
誘導体ペプチドの合成は、一般のFmoc/tBu固相ペプチド合成(SPPS)法により合成され、アミノ酸のα-アミノ基が塩基に敏感なFmoc(Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride)基で保護されており、アミノ酸の側鎖(side基)は、酸に敏感なグループで保護される。固相ペプチド合成(Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis)は、次の段階を含んでFmocの切断及びアミノ酸の結合の繰り返しを通じてペプチド鎖を順次付けていく。
ii)Fmoc-AA-レジン(20%のピペリジン/DMF)前記Fmoc保護基を除去;
iii)DMF洗浄;
iv)活性化された上でアミノ酸を結合(DIC/HOBt使用);
v)DMF洗浄;
vi)上記ii)~v)の段階を繰り返し順次アミノ酸を結合;
vii)合成されたペプチドからレジンのみ除去(1.5%のTFA/DCM);
viii)レジンのみ除去されたペプチドのアミノ末端にエチルアミン(ethylamine)を結合(EDC・HCl/HOAt使用);及び
ix)結合されたペプチドで保護化されたsideの全体を切断(92.5%のTFA/2.5%のTIS/2.5%のEDT/2.5%のH2O)。
前記TFA切断後、ペプチドを島津(Shimadzu)HPLC 10AVPシステムでC18カラムを用いてHPLC条件(Aバッファ0.05%のTFA/H2O、Bバッファ0.05のTFA/Acetonitrile、流量率1mL/min、波長230nm)の条件下で精製した。精製による各実施例の結果は表1に示し、これはエニジェン(株)に依頼して行ったものである。下記GnRH誘導体の実施例1(L1)、実施例3(P1)、実施例5(P3)及び実施例7(A1)は、1番目のアミノ酸がグルタミン酸であり、実施例2(L2)、実施例4(P2)、実施例6(P4)及び実施例8(A2)は、1番目のアミノ酸がグルタミンである(表2参照)。
メチル-β-シクロデキストリン粉末(シグマアルドリッチ社;品目番号:C4555;分子量:1303.311g/mol)を表3の量で1mLの滅菌3次蒸溜水に溶かした。
[実験例1]脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体及びシクロデキストリン包接複合体の懸濁液評価
対照群として、製造例2と同一の方法でメチル-β-シクロデキストリン粉末13mgを1mLの滅菌3次蒸溜水に溶かして1.5mLのチューブに準備した(10mMの濃度)。
GnRH誘導体は、乳癌、前立腺癌、子宮内膜症、真性性早熟症などの疾患治療の目的で臨床に適用される。従って、3種類の前立腺癌細胞株(DU-145、PC3及びLNCaP細胞株)をT75フラスコ内で適正量のRPIM 1640培養液(10%のFBS、ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン、1%の非必須アミノ酸(non-essential amino acids)を含む)で培養し、37℃、5%のCO2及び95%の空気の条件の無菌細胞インキュベータを用いた。細胞株の生存率試験は、Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8、DOJINDO社の製品)を用いて進めた。各細胞株をT75フラスコでトリプシン処理して分離した後、DU-145は1×104細胞数/mL密度、PC3とLNCaPは1×105の細胞数/mLの密度で96ウェルプレート(well plate)に移して1時間程度付着化(attachment)時間を持った。
脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体の機能的特性維持及び卵巣の形態学的変化を確認するための実験を行った。
1.ラットの剖検直後、選択した組織(卵巣)を12時間以上固定液に入れて固定(fixation)した。
3.パラフィンを組織に浸透させて包理(embedding)するために、卵巣組織を濃度差のあるアルコール(graded alcohol)を用いて脱水した。脱水(dehydration)は、低濃度のアルコール溶液から高濃度のアルコール溶液で徐々に処理した後、純粋な100%アルコールとベンゼンで処理する過程で行われた。
6.ガラススライドに薄切した組織を載置し、組織のパラフィンをキシレンのような有機溶媒で除去した。
ラットで発情周期は、発情休止期(diestrus)、発情前期(proestrus)、発情期(estrus)及び発情後期(metestrus)の順に繰り返され、各時期に応じて卵巣は形態学的に変化するようになり、発情周期は略4日~5日である。
本発明者は、前記製造した脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体の生体半減期増加の効果を確認するために、動物実験(9週齢の雌SDラット)を進めた。具体的には、リュープロレリン酢酸塩1日製剤(n=6)、リュープロレリン酢酸塩デポ(Leuprolide acetate depot)1ヶ月剤形(3.7mg/month;n=7)及び実施例4誘導体(n=6)または実施例6誘導体(n=6)を各群別のラットに12.5mg/kgの量で単回皮下投与し、時間に応じた血中濃度を測定した。必要な場合、溶媒はDMSO(Dimethyl sulfoxide)を用いた。ラットへの投与前、投与後の0.5時間、1時間、2時間、6時間、1日、3日、7日、10日、14日、21日、及び28日目にラットの尻尾の静脈から採血し、LC/MSMSを用いて血中リュープロレリン及び実施例の誘導体の濃度を測定した。特定時点に濃度が約4ng/mLに達した場合、その次の時点に測定を進めなかった。
Claims (16)
- 脂肪酸と結合された生殖腺ホルモン放出ホルモン(gonadotropin-releasing hormone;GnRH)誘導体であって、
前記脂肪酸は直鎖状であって、ラウリン酸またはアラキドン酸であり、
前記GnRH誘導体は、配列番号4、配列番号5、配列番号10及び配列番号11からなる群から選択されたアミノ酸配列を含み、
前記GnRH誘導体の前記脂肪酸のカルボキシ基はペプチド結合を介して前記GnRH誘導体のペプチド部位のアミノ末端に結合する、
持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体または薬剤学的に許容可能なその塩。 - 前記持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体が配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を含む、
請求項1に記載の、持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体または薬剤学的に許容可能なその塩。 - 前記持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体が配列番号11のアミノ酸配列を含む、
請求項1に記載の、持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体または薬剤学的に許容可能なその塩。 - 前記薬剤学的に許容可能な塩は、無機酸、有機酸、アンモニウム塩、アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩からなる群から選択されるものである、
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の、持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体または薬剤学的に許容可能なその塩。 - 前記薬剤学的に許容可能な塩は塩酸塩、臭化水素酸塩、リン酸塩、メタリン酸塩、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、酢酸塩、スルホン酸塩、安息香酸塩、クエン酸塩、エタンスルホン酸塩、フマル酸塩、乳酸塩、マレイン酸塩、リンゴ酸塩、コハク酸塩、酒石酸塩、ナトリウム塩、カルシウム塩、カリウム塩及びマグネシウム塩からなる群から選択されるものである、
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の、持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体または薬剤学的に許容可能なその塩。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体または薬剤学的に許容可能なその塩を有効成分として含む、性ホルモン-依存性疾患の予防または治療用薬剤学的組成物。
- 前記性ホルモン-依存性疾患は、前立腺癌、乳癌、卵巣癌、子宮内膜症、子宮類線維腫、多嚢胞性卵巣症、真性性早熟症、多毛症、性腺刺激脳下垂体腺腫、睡眠時無呼吸症、過敏性大腸症候群、月経前症候群、良性前立腺肥大症及び不妊からなる群から選択されたものである、
請求項6に記載の、薬剤学的組成物。 - 生分解性重合体をさらに含む、
請求項6または7に記載の、薬剤学的組成物。 - 有効成分として脂肪酸と結合された生殖腺ホルモン放出ホルモン(gonadotropin-releasing hormone;GnRH)誘導体である、持続型脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体または薬剤学的に許容可能なその塩;及び
シクロデキストリンを含み、
前記GnRH誘導体は、配列番号4~11からなる群から選択されたアミノ酸配列を含み、
前記脂肪酸は直鎖状であって、ラウリン酸、パルチミン酸またはアラキドン酸であり、
前記GnRH誘導体の前記脂肪酸のカルボキシ基はペプチド結合を介して前記GnRH誘導体のペプチド部位のアミノ末端に結合する、
性ホルモン-依存性疾患の予防または治療用薬剤学的組成物。 - 前記薬剤学的に許容可能な塩は、無機酸、有機酸、アンモニウム塩、アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩からなる群から選択されるものである、
請求項9に記載の、薬剤学的組成物。 - 前記薬剤学的に許容可能な塩は、塩酸塩、臭化水素酸塩、リン酸塩、メタリン酸塩、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、酢酸塩、スルホン酸塩、安息香酸塩、クエン酸塩、エタンスルホン酸塩、フマル酸塩、乳酸塩、マレイン酸塩、リンゴ酸塩、コハク酸塩、酒石酸塩、ナトリウム塩、カルシウム塩、カリウム塩及びマグネシウム塩からなる群から選択されるものである、
請求項9または10に記載の、薬剤学的組成物。 - 前記性ホルモン-依存性疾患は、前立腺癌、乳癌、卵巣癌、子宮内膜症、子宮類線維腫、多嚢胞性卵巣症、真性性早熟症、多毛症、性腺刺激脳下垂体腺腫、睡眠時無呼吸症、過敏性大腸症候群、月経前症候群、良性前立腺肥大症及び不妊からなる群から選択されたものである、
請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の、薬剤学的組成物。 - 前記シクロデキストリンは、メチル-β-シクロデキストリンである、請求項9~12のいずれか一項に記載の、薬剤学的組成物。
- 前記脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体とシクロデキストリンが包接複合体として存在するものである、請求項9~13のいずれか一項に記載の、薬剤学的組成物。
- 前記シクロデキストリンと脂肪酸結合GnRH誘導体のモル比率は7:1~1:1である、請求項9~14のいずれか一項に記載の、薬剤学的組成物。
- 生分解性重合体をさらに含む、請求項9~15のいずれか一項に記載の、薬剤学的組成物。
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