JP7034105B2 - 電力用半導体装置の製造方法、電力用半導体装置および電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力用半導体装置の製造方法、電力用半導体装置および電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7034105B2 JP7034105B2 JP2019006510A JP2019006510A JP7034105B2 JP 7034105 B2 JP7034105 B2 JP 7034105B2 JP 2019006510 A JP2019006510 A JP 2019006510A JP 2019006510 A JP2019006510 A JP 2019006510A JP 7034105 B2 JP7034105 B2 JP 7034105B2
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Description
(構成)
図1は、本実施の形態1に係るパワーモジュール81(電力用半導体装置)の構成を概略的に示す平面図である。図2は、図1の線II-IIに沿う概略断面図である。
図3は、本実施の形態1に係るパワーモジュール81の製造方法の一工程を概略的に示す平面図である。図4は、図3の線IV-IVに沿う概略断面図である。図5は、図4の一部拡大図である。図6は、図5の線VI-VIに沿う概略断面図である。
本実施の形態によれば、金属ペースト層21を貫通する貫通部材31に取り付けられた振動子51(図4)が振動させられることによって、金属ペースト層21が振動させられる。これにより、金属ペースト層21中のボイドが抜けやすくなる。よって、金属ペースト層21から得られる接合層41が、より緻密となる。よって接合層41の品質が高められる。具体的には、接合層41自体の強度が高められる。また、接合層41と接合層41に接している部材との間の接合強度が高められる。また、接合層41の厚みが小さくなる。これにより、接合層41の熱抵抗が低減される。よって、パワーモジュール81の放熱性能を高めることができる。また、接合層41の内部応力が均一化されることによって、接合層41中での亀裂の発生を抑制することができる。
上記本実施の形態1においては、図6に示されているように、貫通部材31の、延在方向に垂直な断面形状は、円筒形状である。これにより、貫通部材31からその周囲の金属ペースト層21中へ、振動が均等に放射されやすい。またこの断面形状は、中空形状を有していない密な形状である。これにより、中空部分に起因しての強度の低下および熱抵抗の増大を避けることができる。しかしながら、貫通部材31の断面形状はこれに限定されるものではない。図7~図10のそれぞれは、貫通部材31(図6)の変形例としての貫通部材31a~31dを示す図である。
(構成)
図12は、本実施の形態2に係るパワーモジュール91(電力用半導体装置)の構成を概略的に示す平面図である。図13は、図12の線XIII-XIIIに沿う概略断面図である。
図14は、本実施の形態2に係るパワーモジュール91の製造方法の一工程を概略的に示す平面図である。図15は、図14の線XV-XVに沿う概略断面図である。
上記本実施の形態2においては、接合層41および接合層42を形成するための金属ペースト層21および金属ペースト層22の加熱が、融点未満の温度で行われる。これに代わって、実施の形態1の変形例と同様に、加熱が融点以上の温度で行われてもよい。言い換えれば、複数の金属粒子が焼結する代わりに融解し、その後固化してもよい。その場合、接合層41および接合層42は、非焼結体からなり、典型的には、はんだからなる。特に、電力用半導体チップ70が、非ワイドバンドギャップ半導体(典型的にはSi)からなる半導体層を有している場合は、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体からなる半導体層を有している場合に比して、接合層41および接合層42の強度および熱伝導性に求められる基準がやや低いことから、はんだからなる接合層41および接合層42を用いることが許容される場合が多い。
本実施の形態3においては、パワーモジュール91(図13および図14)の、上記実施の形態2とは異なる製造方法について説明する。図16は、本実施の形態3に係るパワーモジュール91の製造方法の一工程を概略的に示す断面図である。本実施の形態においては、振動子51および振動子52のそれぞれが、信号発生器61および信号発生器62によって駆動される。これにより、振動子51が振動させられる期間と、振動子52が振動させられる期間とを、少なくとも部分的に異ならしめることができる。さらに、振動の強度、周波数、または波形などを異ならしめることもできる。なお上記以外の構成については、上述した実施の形態2またはその変形例の構成とほぼ同じであるため、同一または対応する要素について同一の符号を付し、その説明を繰り返さない。
本実施の形態4においては、パワーモジュール91(図13および図14)の、上記実施の形態2および3とは異なる製造方法について説明する。図17は、本実施の形態4に係るパワーモジュール91の製造方法の一工程を概略的に示す断面図である。
(構成)
図20は、本実施の形態5に係るパワーモジュール96(電力用半導体装置)の構成を概略的に示す平面図である。図21は、図20の線XXI-XXIに沿う概略断面図である。パワーモジュール96の中間構造76A(図21)は、パワーモジュール91(図13:実施の形態2)の中間構造72Aと異なり、貫通部材31および貫通部材32を有していない。これ以外の構成については、前述したパワーモジュール91の構成とほぼ同じであるため、同一または対応する要素について同一の符号を付し、その説明を繰り返さない。
図22は、本実施の形態5に係るパワーモジュール96の製造方法の一工程を概略的に示す平面図である。図23は、図22の線XXIII-XXIIIに沿う概略断面図である。
上記本実施の形態5においては、接合層41および接合層42を形成するための金属ペースト層21および金属ペースト層22の加熱が、融点未満の温度で行われる。これに代わって、実施の形態2の変形例と同様に、加熱が融点以上の温度で行われてもよい。言い換えれば、複数の金属粒子が焼結する代わりに融解し、その後固化してもよい。その場合、接合層41および接合層42は、非焼結体からなり、典型的には、はんだからなる。特に、電力用半導体チップ70が、非ワイドバンドギャップ半導体(典型的にはSi)からなる半導体層を有している場合は、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体からなる半導体層を有している場合に比して、接合層41および接合層42の強度および熱伝導性に求められる基準がやや低いことから、はんだからなる接合層41および接合層42を用いることが許容される場合が多い。
本実施の形態3においては、パワーモジュール96(図20および図21)の、上記実施の形態5とは異なる製造方法について説明する。図24は、本実施の形態6に係るパワーモジュール96の製造方法の一工程を概略的に示す平面図である。
本実施の形態は、上述した実施の形態1~6に係るパワーモジュール(電力用半導体装置)を電力変換装置に適用したものである。実施の形態1~6に係る半導体装置の適用は特定の電力変換装置に限定されるものではないが、以下、実施の形態7として、三相のインバータに実施の形態1~6に係る電力用半導体装置を適用した場合について説明する。
Claims (21)
- 複数の第1の金属粒子を含む第1の金属ペースト層と、前記第1の金属ペースト層を貫通する少なくとも1つの第1の貫通部材と、を含む中間構造を介して、電力用半導体素子と支持部材とを積層する工程と、
前記第1の金属ペースト層を貫通する前記少なくとも1つの第1の貫通部材に取り付けられた少なくとも1つの第1の振動子を振動させる工程と、
前記複数の第1の金属粒子が焼結または融解するように前記第1の金属ペースト層を加熱する工程と、
を備える、電力用半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1の金属ペースト層を加熱する工程は、前記複数の第1の金属粒子の融点よりも低い温度で前記複数の第1の金属粒子を焼結させる工程を含む、請求項1に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第1の振動子を振動させる工程は、前記少なくとも1つの第1の貫通部材を通る電流経路を用いて前記少なくとも1つの第1の振動子へ電気信号を印加する工程を含む、請求項1または2に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第1の振動子を振動させる工程において、前記少なくとも1つの第1の貫通部材は、前記第1の金属ペースト層から突出した第1の端部および第2の端部を有している、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第1の振動子は、前記第1の貫通部材の前記第1の端部に取り付けられた第1端部振動子と、前記第1の貫通部材の前記第2の端部に取り付けられた第2端部振動子とを含む、請求項4に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第1の振動子を振動させる工程において、少なくとも一時的に前記第1端部振動子と前記第2端部振動子とのうち一方のみが振動する、請求項5に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第1の振動子を振動させる工程は、前記少なくとも1つの第1の貫通部材の振幅が前記第1の金属ペースト層の厚み以下となるように行われる、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第1の貫通部材は金属からなる、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記電力用半導体素子と前記支持部材とを積層する工程は、積層方向における前記第1の貫通部材の一方側および他方側の各々が前記第1の金属ペースト層に面するように行われる、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記電力用半導体素子と前記支持部材とを積層する工程において、前記少なくとも1つの第1の貫通部材は、前記電力用半導体素子の対角線方向に沿って配置される、請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第1の貫通部材は複数の貫通部材である、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第1の振動子を振動させる工程において、前記少なくとも1つの第1の貫通部材は中空形状を有している、請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1の金属ペースト層を加熱する工程は、前記第1の金属ペースト層を第1の温度以下の範囲で加熱する工程と、前記第1の金属ペースト層を前記第1の温度以下の範囲で加熱する工程の後に前記第1の金属ペースト層を前記第1の温度よりも高い第2の温度まで加熱する工程とを含み、
前記少なくとも1つの第1の振動子を振動させる工程は、前記第1の金属ペースト層を前記第1の温度よりも高い前記第2の温度まで加熱する工程の前に停止される、請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1の金属ペースト層を加熱する工程は、前記中間構造を介して前記電力用半導体素子および前記支持部材を互いに押し付ける圧力を外部から印加することなく行われる、請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記電力用半導体素子と前記支持部材とを積層する工程は、前記中間構造が、
前記電力用半導体素子に前記第1の金属ペースト層を介して積層された回路基板と、
前記支持部材としての放熱部材と前記回路基板との間に配置され複数の第2の金属粒子を含む第2の金属ペースト層と、
前記第2の金属ペースト層を貫通する少なくとも1つの第2の貫通部材と、
を含むように行われ、
前記電力用半導体装置の製造方法は、
前記第2の金属ペースト層を貫通する前記少なくとも1つの第2の貫通部材に取り付けられた少なくとも1つの第2の振動子を振動させる工程と、
前記複数の第2の金属粒子が焼結または融解するように前記第2の金属ペースト層を加熱する工程と、
をさらに備える、
請求項1から14のいずれか1項に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つの第1の振動子を振動させる工程が行われる期間と、前記少なくとも1つの第2の振動子を振動させる工程が行われる期間とは、少なくとも部分的に異なっている、請求項15に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 複数の金属粒子を含む金属ペースト層を含む中間構造を介して、電力用半導体素子と支持部材とを積層する工程と、
前記金属ペースト層へ少なくとも1つのスピーカーから音波を発する工程と、
前記複数の金属粒子が焼結または融解するように前記金属ペースト層を加熱する工程と、
を備える、電力用半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つのスピーカーから音波を発する工程において、前記少なくとも1つのスピーカーは第1のスピーカーおよび第2のスピーカーを含み、面内方向において、前記金属ペースト層の中心位置を基準として、前記第1のスピーカーは前記中心位置を基準として第1の方向に配置され、前記第2のスピーカーは前記中心位置を基準として前記第1の方向と異なる第2の方向に配置され、少なくとも一時的に前記第1のスピーカーと前記第2のスピーカーとのうち一方のみが音波を発生する、請求項17に記載の電力用半導体装置の製造方法。
- 支持部材と、
前記支持部材上に設けられ、金属を含む接合層と、前記接合層を貫通する少なくとも1つの貫通部材と、を含む中間構造と、
前記中間構造上に設けられた電力用半導体素子と、
を備え、前記貫通部材は、振動子の振動を付与するためのものである、電力用半導体装置。 - 前記少なくとも1つの貫通部材は、前記接合層から突出した第1の端部および第2の端部を有している、請求項19に記載の電力用半導体装置。
- 請求項19または20に記載の電力用半導体装置を有し、入力される電力を変換して出力する主変換回路と、
前記主変換回路を制御する制御信号を前記主変換回路に出力する制御回路と、
を備える電力変換装置。
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