JP6790089B2 - 硫黄ベースの塩からのポリウレタン触媒 - Google Patents
硫黄ベースの塩からのポリウレタン触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6790089B2 JP6790089B2 JP2018519003A JP2018519003A JP6790089B2 JP 6790089 B2 JP6790089 B2 JP 6790089B2 JP 2018519003 A JP2018519003 A JP 2018519003A JP 2018519003 A JP2018519003 A JP 2018519003A JP 6790089 B2 JP6790089 B2 JP 6790089B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sulfite
- catalyst
- foam
- acid
- polyurethane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 120
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims description 41
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title description 20
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- -1 Aryl metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- BHZRJJOHZFYXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])=O BHZRJJOHZFYXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019252 potassium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical group C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LNIYNESXCOYFPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl(dimethyl)azanium Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 LNIYNESXCOYFPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MXTMXRYBYWOAGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(diphenyl)azanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MXTMXRYBYWOAGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OSWMMVUHYHQYCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabenzylazanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C[N+](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OSWMMVUHYHQYCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical group CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical group CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical group C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZNEOHLHCKGUAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphenylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNEOHLHCKGUAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- BZVJOYBTLHNRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 BZVJOYBTLHNRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfite Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])=O GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010261 calcium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- RQASKKKCNLAJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-L dicesium;sulfite Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]S([O-])=O RQASKKKCNLAJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- BBLSYMNDKUHQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;sulfite Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])=O BBLSYMNDKUHQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- CWGQOESYOSBCSO-UHFFFAOYSA-L hexadecyl(trimethyl)azanium sulfite Chemical compound S(=O)([O-])[O-].C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[N+](C)(C)C.C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[N+](C)(C)C CWGQOESYOSBCSO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QJGSRNYAKXKSDC-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetrabutylazanium;sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC QJGSRNYAKXKSDC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- SZLRDLFFJKBKNO-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetraethylazanium;sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC SZLRDLFFJKBKNO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- FDALDWWTCHMERF-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetramethylazanium;sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O.C[N+](C)(C)C.C[N+](C)(C)C FDALDWWTCHMERF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical group CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JESHZQPNPCJVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;sulfite Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])=O JESHZQPNPCJVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940070891 pyridium Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QPFYXYFORQJZEC-FOCLMDBBSA-N Phenazopyridine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1 QPFYXYFORQJZEC-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012970 tertiary amine catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 104
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 104
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 40
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 25
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 24
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 10
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- CZMILNXHOAKSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylazanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[N+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CZMILNXHOAKSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000013518 molded foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 4
- MCLMZMISZCYBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylheptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CC(O)=O MCLMZMISZCYBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,7-dimethyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(O)=O YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCVAKFVNCSPYNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9:0(8Me,8Me) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCCC(O)=O PCVAKFVNCSPYNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trichloro)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUAXHMVRKOTJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C(O)=O VUAXHMVRKOTJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanamine Chemical compound NCCOCCN GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NCUPDIHWMQEDPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethyl-methylamino]ethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCOCCN(C)CCO NCUPDIHWMQEDPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGHRJJRRZDOVPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbutanal Chemical compound CC(C)CC=O YGHRJJRRZDOVPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylmorpholine Chemical group CCN1CCOCC1 HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Description
国際公開第2008138482号A1(WO2008138482A1)は、触媒の存在下で、並びに亜硫酸水素塩及び重亜硫酸水素塩から選択される少なくとも1つの亜硫酸化合物の存在下で、少なくとも1つのポリオールとポリイソシアネートとを反応させて得られるポリウレタンポリマーを製造するための方法を主張している。この開示において記載された亜硫酸化合物は、発泡混合物の反応性に影響する。亜硫酸化合物の量が多い場合には、その生産性は維持されず、亜硫酸化合物を有しない標準混合物と同様の発泡上昇プロフィールを保持するために触媒レベルを調整(増加)する必要がある。したがって、国際公開第2008138482号A1の亜硫酸化合物は、アルデヒド放出を低減することによって特徴付けられるが、推奨される使用レベルを超えると発泡反応性に対して有害でありうる。
本発明は、触媒として亜硫酸塩又は亜硫酸の塩を使用することに、ポリウレタンフォームを製造するためのかかる亜硫酸塩の使用方法に、及び得られたフォームに関する。ポリウレタンポリマーを製造するための触媒として本発明の亜硫酸塩を使用する場合に、複数の問題が解決される。本発明の亜硫酸塩は配合物からアミン触媒を少なくとも部分的にまたは完全に置換することができるため、アミンの使用に関する典型的な品質問題は、排除される。亜硫酸塩の使用により解決されるこれらの品質問題は、以下を含む:PVC染色、窓の曇り、アミン臭、湿気及び高温湿気によるフォーム劣化、アミン放出、並びにアルデヒド放出、例えばホルムアルデヒド放出、アセトアルデヒド放出、アクロレイン放出、及び他のアルデヒド含有化合物からの放出。本発明の亜硫酸塩触媒により解決される他の問題は、12族、13族、14族及び15族の中でSn、Hg、Pb、Bi、Znを基礎とする遷移金属及び非遷移金属の化合物及び塩、並びに3〜12族における金属を含む毒性及び/又は放射性の重金属化合物の部分的又は全体の置換を含みうる。
本発明は、亜硫酸塩及び亜硫酸の塩の触媒に関する。本発明の触媒は、以下の少なくとも1つの構造式を有しうる:i) M2SO3、式中Mはアルカリ金属、例えばNa、K、Li、Csである、ii) MSO3、式中Mは、アルカリ土類金属、例えばCa、Mg、Sr、Baである、並びにiii) M2SO3、式中Mは、一般式R1R2R3R4Nの第四級アンモニウムイオンであり、R1、R2、R3、R4は、C1〜C18のアルキル、アルケニル、アリール、アルキルアリール、置換されたアルキル、置換されたアルケニル又は置換されたアルキルアリールであって、これらは、直鎖であるか、分枝鎖であり、複素環含有基を有するか又は有さないものである。本発明の触媒は、亜硫酸ナトリウム(Na2SO3)、亜硫酸カリウム(K2SO3)、亜硫酸リチウム(Li2SO3)、亜硫酸セシウム(Cs2SO3)、亜硫酸カルシウム(CaSO3)、亜硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO3)、亜硫酸テトラメチルアンモニウム[(Me4N)2SO3]、亜硫酸テトラエチルアンモニウム[(Et4N)2SO3]、亜硫酸テトラブチルアンモニウム[(Bu4N)2SO3]、亜硫酸アンモニウムトリメチルベンジル[(Me3N−CH2−C6H5)2SO3]、亜硫酸セチルトリメチルアンモニウム[(Me3N−(CH2)14−CH3)2SO3]、亜硫酸N−メチル−ピリジウム[(Me−C5NH5)2SO3]、及びジ−アルキルイミダゾリウム亜硫酸塩[(R2C3N2H3)2SO3]からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの構成要素を含む。
軟質フォーム
適量の亜硫酸塩触媒が添加される典型的なポリウレタン配合物を使用して、本発明の方法により、当該技術分野において公知の任意の種々のタイプのフォームを製造することができる。例えば、本明細書において記載される優れた特徴を有する軟質ポリウレタンフォームは、以下の表Iにおいて示される成分を示した量で含む。表Iにおいて示される成分は、以下で詳細に議論される。
NCO指数=[NCO/(OH+NH)]×100
適量の亜硫酸塩触媒が添加される典型的なポリウレタン配合物を使用して、本発明の方法により、当該技術分野において公知の任意の種々のタイプのフォームを製造することができる。例えば、本明細書において記載される優れた特徴を有する硬質ポリウレタンフォームは、以下の表IIにおいて示される成分を示した量で含む。表IIにおいて示される成分は、以下で詳細に議論される。
適量の亜硫酸塩触媒が添加される典型的なポリウレタン配合物を使用して、本発明の方法により、当該技術分野において公知の任意の種々のタイプのフォームを製造することができる。例えば、本明細書において記載される優れた特徴を有する軟質のポリエステルベースのポリウレタンフォームは、以下の表IIIにおいて示される成分を示した量で含む。表IIIにおいて示される成分は、以下で詳細に議論される。
当該技術分野において公知の任意の種々のタイプのフォームを、適量の亜硫酸塩触媒を添加する、典型的にポリウレタン配合物を使用する本発明の方法を使用して、製造してよい。例えば、本明細書において記載される優れた特徴を有する軟質HRポリウレタンフォームは、以下の表IVにおいて示される成分を示した量で含む。表IVにおいて示される成分は、以下で詳細に議論される。
NCO指数=[NCO/(OH+NH)]×100
本発明は、亜硫酸塩及び亜硫酸の塩の触媒に関する。本発明の触媒は、以下の少なくとも1つの構造式を有しうる:i) M2SO3、式中Mはアルカリ金属、例えばNa、K、Li、Csである、ii) MSO3、式中Mは、アルカリ土類金属、例えばCa、Mg、Sr、Baである、並びにiii) M2SO3、式中Mは、一般式R1R2R3R4Nの第四級アンモニウムイオンであり、R1、R2、R3、R4は、C1〜C18のアルキル、アルケニル、アリール、アルキルアリール、置換されたアルキル、置換されたアルケニル又は置換されたアルキルアリールであって、これらは、直鎖であるか、分枝鎖であり、複素環含有基を有するか又は有さない。本発明の触媒は、亜硫酸塩が、亜硫酸ナトリウム(Na2SO3)、亜硫酸カリウム(K2SO3)、亜硫酸リチウム(Li2SO3)、亜硫酸セシウム(Cs2SO3)、亜硫酸カルシウム(CaSO3)、亜硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO3)、亜硫酸テトラメチルアンモニウム[(Me4N)2SO3]、亜硫酸テトラエチルアンモニウム[(Et4N)2SO3]、亜硫酸テトラブチルアンモニウム[(Bu4N)2SO3]、亜硫酸アンモニウムトリメチルベンジル[(Me3N−CH2−C6H5)2SO3]、亜硫酸セチルトリメチルアンモニウム[(Me3N−(CH2)14−CH3)2SO3]、亜硫酸N−メチル−ピリジウム[(Me−C5NH5)2SO3]、及びジ−アルキルイミダゾリウム亜硫酸塩[(R2C3N2H3)2SO3]からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの構成要素を含む。
適した有機イソシアネート化合物は、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(HDI)、フェニレンジイソシアネート(PDI)、トルエンジイソシアネート(TDI)、及び4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)を含むが、これらに制限されない。本発明の一態様において、2,4−TDI、2,6−TDI又はこれらの任意の混合物を使用してポリウレタンフォームを製造する。他の適したイソシアネート化合物は、市販の「crude MDI」として公知のジイソシアネート混合物である。一例は、PAPIという名称でDow Chemical Companyにより市販されており、4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート約60%を他の異性体の及び類似の高次ポリイソシアネートと一緒に含む。本発明の他の態様において、ポリイソシアネートとポリエーテル又はポリエステルポリオールとの部分的に予備反応させた混合物を含むポリイソシアネートのプレポリマーが適している。さらに他の態様において、ポリイソシアネートは、MDIを含むか、又は実質的にMDI又はMDIの混合物からなる。任意の適したイソシアネートを使用する場合に、例えば、約20〜約120、及び典型的には約40〜110、及びより典型的には約90〜約110の範囲の指数を有するイソシアネートを含む。イソシアネートの量は、典型的には、約95〜約105の範囲である。
ポリウレタンを、有機イソシアネートとポリオール、典型的にはポリオールの混合物のヒドロキシル基との反応により製造する。反応混合物のポリオール成分は、少なくとも又は主に「ベース」ポリオールを含む。本発明における使用に適しているベースポリオールは、制限のない例として、ポリエーテルポリオールを含む。ポリエーテルポリオールは、ジオール及びトリオールを含む多価化合物由来の末端ヒドロキシル基を有するポリ(アルキレンオキシド)ポリマー、例えばポリ(エチレンオキシド)及びポリ(プロピレンオキシド)ポリマー及びコポリマーを含む。エチレンオキシド又はプロピレンオキシドとの反応のためのジオール及びトリオールの例は、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、1,3−ブタンジオール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、ペンタエリトリトール、グリセロール、ジグリセロール、トリメチロールプロパン、及び類似の低分子量ポリオールを含む。当業者に公知の他のベースポリオールの例は、ポリヒドロキシ末端アセタール樹脂、ヒドロキシル末端アミン、及びヒドロキシル末端ポリアミンを含む。これらの及び他の適したイソシアネート反応性物質の例は、米国特許第4,394,491号(U.S. Pat. 4,394,491)において見出され、参照をもって本明細書に組み込まれたものとする。適したポリエーテルポリオールは、ポリウレタンのゲル化反応及び発泡反応を触媒作用しうる第三級アミン基を含有するもの、例えば、米国特許出願第8,367,870号(U.S. 8,367,870)、国際公開第03/016373号A1(WO 03/016373 A1)、国際公開第01/58976号A1(WO 01/58976 A1)、国際公開第2004/060956号A1(WO2004/060956 A1)、国際公開第03/016372号A1(WO03/016372 A1)及び国際公開第03/055930号A1(WO03/055930 A1)、において記載されたものも含み、これらのWO文献の開示は参照をもって本明細書に組み込まれたものとする。他の有用なポリオールは、ポリアルキレンカーボネート−ベースポリオール及びポリホスフェート−ベースポリオールを含んでよい。
ポリウレタンフォーム生成は、重合中にポリウレタンマトリックス中に空隙を生成するために発泡剤(BA)を混入することにより補助されうる。任意に適した発泡剤が使用されうる。適した発泡剤は、発熱重合反応中に気化する低沸点の化合物を含む。かかる発泡剤は、一般に不活性であり又は低い反応性を有し、したがって重合反応中に分解又は反応しないであろう。低い反応性の発泡剤の例は、二酸化炭素、クロロフルオロカーボン類(CFCs)、ヒドロフルオロカーボン類(HFCs)、ヒドロクロロフルオロカーボン類(HCFCs)、フルオロオレフィン類(FOs)、クロロフルオロオレフィン類(CFOs)、ヒドロフルオロオレフィン類(HFOs)、ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィン類(HCFOs)、アセトン、及び低沸点ヒドロカーボン類、例えばシクロペンタン、イソペンタン、n−ペンタン、及びこれらの混合物を含むが、これらに制限されない。他の適した発泡剤は、イソシアネート化合物と反応して気体を生じる化合物、例えば水を含む。BAの量は、典型的に約0(水発泡)〜約80pphpである。水(イソシアネートと反応してCO2を製造することによるブローフォーム)は、約0(BAが含まれる場合に)〜約60pphp(非常に低密度のフォーム)及び典型的には約1.0pphp〜約10pphp、及びある場合に約2.0pphp〜約5pphpの範囲で存在してよい。
種々の他の成分が、本発明によるフォームを製造するための配合物中で含まれうる。任意の成分の例は、気泡安定剤、架橋剤、連鎖延長剤、顔料、充填剤、難燃剤、補助ウレタンゲル化触媒、補助ウレタン発泡触媒、遷移金属触媒、アルカリ及びアルカリ土類カルボキシレートサルスト(carboxylate salst)、並びにこれらの任意の組み合わせを含むが、これらに制限されない。
亜硫酸カリウム塩で製造した硬質ポリウレタンポリマーの調製物
家庭用断熱材において典型的に使用される硬質フォームは、亜硫酸塩、例えば亜硫酸カリウムを使用して製造されている。アミン触媒を室温(25℃)で製造した水中での亜硫酸カリウムの濃縮水溶液で置き換えた独立気泡硬質フォーム配合物を第1表に示す。
アミン触媒と組み合わせて亜硫酸カリウム塩で製造した硬質ポリウレタンポリマーの調製物
この実施例において、家庭用断熱材において典型的に使用される硬質フォームは、ゲル化及び発泡アミン触媒の混合物と組み合わせて使用した亜硫酸塩、例えば亜硫酸カリウムを使用して製造されている。使用した触媒の組み合わせを、第4表において示すが、その際、アミンゲル化触媒は、トリス(ジメチルアミノプロピル)アミン及びジメチルアミノヘキサデシルアミンを、発泡アミン触媒は、ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミンを、亜硫酸カリウムの20%水溶液と組み合わせて使用した。
アミン触媒及び相転移触媒と組み合わせて亜硫酸カリウム塩で製造した硬質積層ポリウレタンポリマーの調製物
この実施例において、硬質積層において典型的に使用される硬質フォームは、アミン触媒と組み合わせて使用した亜硫酸塩、例えば亜硫酸カリウムを使用して製造されている。使用した配合物を第6表において示す。
ポリエステルポリオールで製造したフリーライズ軟質ポリウレタンフォームの調製物
この実施例において、ポリエステルポリオールベースの軟質ポリウレタンフォームを、第7表において示す成分により製造した。
ゲル化触媒として亜硫酸カリウムを使用した場合の、TDIベースの軟質HRフォームの動的データ及びフォームの物理特性
軟質HR TDIベースフォームのパッド試料を、第9表において示す配合物を使用して製造した。40Kg/m3の範囲でのおおよその密度を有するフォームパッドを製造するための硫酸カリウム触媒とDabco(登録商標)NE300の種々の使用レベル及び組み合わせを試験し、通常のゲル化触媒Dabco(登録商標)NE1070及び発泡触媒Dabco(登録商標)NE300で製造した同様のフォームと比較した。
Claims (17)
- 少なくとも1つの亜硫酸塩、及び少なくとも1つのポリエステルポリオールを含む組成物であって、前記亜硫酸塩が、以下の構造式:i) M2SO3[式中Mは、Na、K、Li、Csの群から選択されるアルカリ金属である]、ii) MSO3[式中Mは、Ca、Mg、Sr、Baの群から選択されるアルカリ土類金属である]、並びにiii) M2SO3[式中Mは、一般式R1R2R3R4Nの第四級アンモニウムイオンであり、R1、R2、R3、R4は、C1〜C18のアルキル、アルケニル、アリール、アルキルアリール、置換されたアルキル、置換されたアルケニル又は置換されたアルキルアリールであり、それらは、直鎖であるか、分枝鎖であり、複素環含有基を有するか又は有さない]の少なくとも1つを有し、かつSn、Hg、Pb、Bi及びZnからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属を含む金属化合物を有さない、組成物。
- 前記亜硫酸塩が、亜硫酸ナトリウム(Na2SO3)、亜硫酸カリウム(K2SO3)、亜硫酸リチウム(Li2SO3)、亜硫酸セシウム(Cs2SO3)、亜硫酸カルシウム(CaSO3)、亜硫酸マグネシウム(MgSO3)、亜硫酸テトラメチルアンモニウム[(Me4N)2SO3]、亜硫酸テトラエチルアンモニウム[(Et4N)2SO3]、亜硫酸テトラブチルアンモニウム[(Bu4N)2SO3]、亜硫酸アンモニウムトリメチルベンジル[(Me3N−CH2−C6H5)2SO3]、亜硫酸セチルトリメチルアンモニウム[(Me3N−(CH2)14−CH3)2SO3]、亜硫酸N−メチル−ピリジウム[(Me−C5NH5)2SO3]、及びジ−アルキルイミダゾリウム亜硫酸塩[(R2C3N2H3)2SO3]からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの構成要素を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記亜硫酸塩が、式(Xn)m(Ym)n[SO3] (m×n+m×n/2) で表される、前記亜硫酸塩とテトラアルキルアンモニウム塩との混合亜硫酸塩であり、前記式中Xは、電荷nを有する金属カチオンであり、Yは、電荷mを有するアルキルアンモニウムイオン又はポリアルキルアンモニウムイオンであり、Xは、Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+、Ba 2+ 、Mg2+、及びCa 2+ の群から選択され、nは、1〜4の整数であり、かつmは、1〜6の整数である、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- Yが、一般式R1R2R3R4Nの少なくとも1つのアンモニウムカチオンを含む、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- Yが、テトラメチルアンモニウム、テトラエチルアンモニウム、テトラプロピルアンモニウム、テトラブチルアンモニウム、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウム、ジベンジルジメチルアンモニウム、トリベンジルメチルアンモニウム、テトラベンジルアンモニウム、フェニルトリメチルアンモニウム、ジフェニルジメチルアンモニウム、トリフェニルメチルアンモニウム、テトラフェニルアンモニウム、ジアルキルイミダゾリウム、及びトリエチレンジアミンベースの第四級アンモニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの構成要素を含む、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記亜硫酸塩が、一般式[(X n ) m×w ][(Y m ) n×z ][SO 3 ] (m×n+m×n/2) で表される、前記亜硫酸塩とテトラアルキルアンモニウム塩との混合亜硫酸塩であり、前記式中、Xは、電荷nを有する金属カチオンであり、Yは、電荷mを有するアルキルアンモニウムイオン又はポリアルキルアンモニウムイオンであり、w及びzは、w+z=2のように定義される任意の整数であり、n及びmは、1〜4の範囲である、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- Xカチオンが、Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+、Ba 2+ 、Mg2+、及びCa 2+ であり、Yカチオンが、一般式R1R2R3R4Nのアンモニウムカチオンである、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- Yが、テトラメチルアンモニウム、テトラエチルアンモニウム、テトラプロピルアンモニウム、テトラブチルアンモニウム、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウム、ジベンジルジメチルアンモニウム、トリベンジルメチルアンモニウム、テトラベンジルアンモニウム、フェニルトリメチルアンモニウム、ジフェニルジメチルアンモニウム、トリフェニルメチルアンモニウム、テトラフェニルアンモニウム、ジアルキルイミダゾリウム、及びトリエチレンジアミンベースの第四級アンモニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの構成要素を含む、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの亜硫酸塩触媒、水、少なくとも1つのポリエステルポリオール、並びに相転移触媒と少なくとも1つの第三級アミン触媒と少なくとも1つの金属触媒とから選択される少なくとも1つの構成要素を含む、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1から9までのいずれか1項に記載の組成物と少なくとも1つのイソシアネートとを接触させることを含む、ポリウレタンの製造方法。
- ポリウレタンが、ポリエステルベースのフォームを含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 請求項10に記載の方法により製造されたポリエステルベースのポリウレタンフォーム。
- ポリエステルベースのポリウレタンフォームを製造するための、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 0.02〜0.6質量%の硫黄を含む、請求項12に記載のポリウレタンフォーム。
- VDA−278にしたがって測定した場合に、アミン放出を示さない、請求項12に記載のポリウレタンフォーム。
- アルデヒド放出を示さない、請求項12に記載のポリウレタンフォーム。
- 少なくとも1つのポリエステルポリオールと、以下のi)〜iii)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの構成要素とを含む組成物:
i)M2SO3[式中Mは、一般式R1R2R3R4Nの第四級アンモニウムイオンであり、R1、R2、R3、R4は、C1〜C18のアルキル、アルケニル、アリール、アルキルアリール、置換されたアルキル、置換されたアルケニル又は置換されたアルキルアリールであり、それらは、直鎖であるか、分枝鎖であり、複素環含有基を有するか又は有さない]、ii)式(Xn)m(Ym)n[SO3] (m×n+m×n/2) [式中Xは、電荷nを有する金属カチオンであり、Yは、電荷mを有するアルキルアンモニウムイオン又はポリアルキルアンモニウムイオンであり、Xは、Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+、Ba 2+ 、Mg2+、Ca2+、及びZn2+の群から選択され、nは、1〜4の整数であり、かつmは、1〜6の整数である]を有する亜硫酸塩、並びにiii)一般式[(X n ) m×w ][(Y m ) n×z ][SO 3 ] (m×n+m×n/2) [式中、Xは、電荷nを有する金属カチオンであり、Yは、電荷mを有するアルキルアンモニウムイオン又はポリアルキルアンモニウムイオンであり、w及びzは、w+z=2のように定義される任意の整数であり、n及びmは、1〜4の範囲である]を有する亜硫酸塩。
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