CN108659195B - 一种制备聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的方法 Download PDF

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CN108659195B
CN108659195B CN201710222434.XA CN201710222434A CN108659195B CN 108659195 B CN108659195 B CN 108659195B CN 201710222434 A CN201710222434 A CN 201710222434A CN 108659195 B CN108659195 B CN 108659195B
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张俊
余辉
曹忠
王晴云
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Covestro Deutschland AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制备聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的方法,其包括以下步骤:i)将以下成分混合并搅拌均匀,得到混合物A组分:a1)一种或更多种多元醇;a2)一种或更多种分子量小于200的小分子扩链剂;a3)一种或更多种发泡剂;a4)一种或更多种泡沫稳定剂;a5)碳酰胺;a6)有机铋;ii)将下述B组分与A组分混合得到反应混合物:B组分,其为一种或更多种多异氰酸酯;和iii)使反应混合物反应以得到聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵。本发明通过使用无害环保的碳酰胺和有机铋的组合作为催化剂,可以避免叔胺类催化剂和有机锡的使用,同时达到相同的发泡熟化效果,以制得更健康环保的聚氨酯海绵用品,其具有符合使用要求的最终机械性能。

Description

一种制备聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯领域。具体地讲,本发明涉及一种制备聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵由于可以提供优良的舒适性、支撑感和物理性能,被广泛用于家居及汽车领域,例如用于沙发、床垫、枕头、汽车座椅等的生产。
工业中,聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵可使用连续性的大块海绵发泡工艺、非连续性的大块海绵工艺和模塑工艺来生产。
传统的聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵发泡的配方中会普遍使用有机叔胺和有机锡作为催化剂,加速泡沫的熟化和成型。比较常用的有二甲胺基双乙基醚、三亚乙基二胺、2-[[2-[2-(二甲氨)乙氧基乙基]甲氨基]-乙醇、二甲基乙醇胺等叔胺类结构,此类胺对于传统的发泡反应具有高效、选择性强、易操作等优点而被广泛使用于聚氨酯领域的各种应用中,但此类胺有一定的挥发性及刺激性气味,对人体有一定的危害性,是造成VOC贡献的主要成分之一。二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡等有机锡有一定的毒性。聚氨酯高回弹软泡被广泛的床垫、沙发、枕头、汽车座椅等和人体有频繁接触的领域,对人体会产生持续性伤害。减少聚氨酯泡沫的VOC、刺激性气味的释放以及有毒有害物质的使用,一直以来是聚氨酯技术的发展方向。
传统的发泡过程中如果不使用该类叔胺催化剂和有机锡催化剂,会出现发泡缓慢、塌泡、开裂、表皮熟化差、机械性能变差等发泡不良,泡沫产生缺陷和成型差等无法生产和使用的后果。
因此,需要开发一种新的制备聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的方法,其能避免有毒物质的使用并减少VOC和刺激性气味的释放。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是在制备聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵过程中尽量避免有毒物质的使用并减少VOC和刺激性气味的释放。
本发明所要解决的技术问题通过以下技术方案得以解决:
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种制备聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的方法,其包括以下步骤:
i)将以下成分混合并搅拌均匀,得到混合物A组分:
a1)一种或更多种多元醇;
a2)一种或更多种分子量小于200的小分子扩链剂;
a3)一种或更多种发泡剂;
a4)一种或更多种泡沫稳定剂;
a5)碳酰胺;
a6)有机铋;
ii)将下述B组分与A组分混合得到反应混合物:
B组分,其为一种或更多种多异氰酸酯;和
iii)使反应混合物反应以得到聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供通过上述方法获得的聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供一种聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵,其由以下A、B两组分反应得到:
A组分,其包括:
a1)一种或更多种多元醇;
a2)一种或更多种分子量小于200的小分子扩链剂;
a3)一种或更多种发泡剂;
a4)一种或更多种泡沫稳定剂;
a5)碳酰胺;
a6)有机铋;
B组分,其为一种或更多种多异氰酸酯。
根据本发明的第四方面,提供一种组合物,其包含碳酰胺和有机铋。
根据本发明的第五方面,提供上述组合物在聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的制备中作为催化剂的用途。
本发明通过使用无害环保的碳酰胺和有机铋的组合作为催化剂,可以避免叔胺类催化剂和有机锡的使用,同时达到相同的发泡熟化效果,以制得更健康环保的聚氨酯海绵用品,其具有符合使用要求的最终机械性能。
具体实施方式
以下对实施本发明的具体实施方式进行描述。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种制备聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的方法,其包括以下步骤:
i)将以下成分混合并搅拌均匀,得到混合物A组分:
a1)一种或更多种多元醇;
a2)一种或更多种分子量小于200的小分子扩链剂;
a3)一种或更多种发泡剂;
a4)一种或更多种泡沫稳定剂;
a5)碳酰胺;
a6)有机铋;
ii)将下述B组分与A组分混合得到反应混合物:
B组分,其为一种或更多种多异氰酸酯;和
iii)使反应混合物反应以得到聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵。
所述a1)一种或更多种多元醇选自聚醚多元醇、聚合物聚醚多元醇和聚脲多元醇等。
优选所述聚醚多元醇的分子量为500~8000,官能度为2~4,环氧乙烷含量为0~80%,优选分子量为3500~6500,官能度为3,环氧乙烷含量为10~80%。
作为所述聚醚多元醇,可以提及的实例有陶氏化学公司生产的VORANOL 4701、VORANOL 4703、VORANOL CP 1421;科思创聚合物有限公司生产的Arcol 3553、Arcolpolyol 3553、Arcol polyol 1362、Arcol polyol 5613、SBU polyol S240、Hyperlite1629、Hyperlite E848;壳牌公司生产的Caradol SC34-05、Caradol SC28-02、CaradolSC48-08、Caradol SC56-16;亨斯迈公司生产的JEFFOL G31-28Polyol、JEFFOLG31-35Polyol、JEFFOL G31-43Polyol。在本申请中,当提及“聚醚多元醇”而没有用“聚合物”限定时,所指代的是此处所定义的“聚醚多元醇”,而不是下文所定义的“聚合物聚醚多元醇”,除非另外有明确描述。
所述聚合物聚醚多元醇优选选自丙烯腈和/或苯乙烯等与聚醚多元醇进行接枝聚合而制得的聚合物分散体内接枝共聚醚,羟值为16~35mg KOH/g,丙烯腈和/或苯乙烯含量为5~60wt.%,优选丙烯腈和/或苯乙烯含量为25~45wt.%,基于所述聚合物聚醚多元醇的重量。此处提及的“聚醚多元醇”为本领域技术人员通常所理解的聚醚多元醇。可以提及的实例有陶氏化学公司生产的VORALUX HL 431、SPECFLEX NC 700、VORANOL NC-701、VORANOL 3943A;科思创聚合物有限公司生产的Arcol HS-200、Hyperlite E-850;天津三石化生产的TPOP36-28、TPOP36-42、TPOP36-45、TPOP93-28等。
所述聚脲多元醇优选为由肼和甲苯二异氰酸酯在聚醚多元醇中进行原位逐步聚合制备而得的聚脲多元醇,固含量10~40wt.%。此处提及的“聚醚多元醇”为本领域技术人员通常所理解的聚醚多元醇。
所述小分子扩链剂可为聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵制备中通常使用的小分子扩链剂,优选选自二乙醇胺、甘油、三乙醇胺、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇等。
所述小分子扩链剂的量为0.1-4.0重量份,优选为0.5~2.0重量份,以100重量份多元醇为基准。
所述发泡剂可为聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵制备中通常使用的发泡剂,例如水、液态二氧化碳、二氯甲烷、氟化烃等。
可以使用0.5~5重量份、优选1~4重量份、特别优选2~3.5重量份的水和0~50重量份、优选2~20份的选自液态二氧化碳、二氯甲烷和氟化烃的物质作为发泡剂,以100重量份多元醇为基准。
所述泡沫稳定剂选自有机硅表面活性剂,例如迈图公司生产的Niax L-5333、NiaxL-2100;赢创公司生产的TEGOSTAB B 8681、TEGOSTAB B8715、TEGOSTANB B 8719。
所述泡沫稳定剂的量为0.05~5重量份,优选0.1~3重量份,特别优选0.4~1.5重量份,以100重量份多元醇为基准。
所述碳酰胺可为通过实验合成的碳酰胺,或者可商购得到的纯度可达98%的工业用尿素或碳酰胺。
所述碳酰胺的量为0.05~5重量份,优选0.1~4重量份,特别优选0.3~2重量份,以100重量份多元醇为基准。
所述有机铋为铋含量为5wt.%~40wt.%的铋类有机金属盐。
作为可用于本发明的有机铋,可以提及的实例有异辛酸铋、月桂酸铋、新癸酸铋、环烷酸铋等,例如可从美国领先公司获得的Bicat 8118、Bicat 8108、Bicat 8124、Bicat8106、Bicat 8210等。
所述有机铋的量为0.01~0.5重量份,优选0.05~0.3重量份,特别优选0.08~0.25重量份,以100重量份多元醇为基准。
其中碳酰胺和有机铋重量比优选为2/1~20/1,更优选为3/1~15/1,特别优选为4/1~10/1。
对将各组分混合以获得所述A组分所使用的混合设备和条件没有特殊要求,可以是低速搅拌器。
所述B组分中的多异氰酸酯可为聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵制备中通常使用的多异氰酸酯,更优选使用在工业上容易获得的多异氰酸酯,例如多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(“MDI”),例如通过苯胺-甲醛缩合及随后光气化制备的,和具有碳二亚胺基团、氨基甲酸酯基团、脲基甲酸酯基团、异氰脲酸酯基团、脲基或缩二脲基团的多异氰酸酯(“改性的多异氰酸酯”),尤其是衍生自2,4-和/或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯或者4,4′-和/或2,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的改性多异氰酸酯,2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯及其混合物。
所述多异氰酸酯的量为20~90重量份,优选30~60重量份,特别优选40~55重量份,以100重量份多元醇为基准。
对将所述A组分和B组分混合所使用的混合设备和条件没有特别要求,可以是高压混合设备或低压混合设备,优选高压混合设备。
环境温度通常控制在10~35℃,优选为15~30℃,特别优选为20~25℃。
聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵通常要求发泡过程中,催化体系对泡沫提供的反应性使泡沫爬升时间在60s~240s为优。发泡过程中不能出现塌泡、开裂、收缩等不良现象,否则会造成废品。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供通过上述方法获得的聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供一种聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵,其由以下A、B两组分反应得到:
A组分,其包括:
a1)一种或更多种多元醇;
a2)一种或更多种分子量小于200的小分子扩链剂;
a3)一种或更多种发泡剂;
a4)一种或更多种泡沫稳定剂;
a5)碳酰胺;
a6)有机铋;
B组分,其为一种或更多种多异氰酸酯。
其中各组分的种类和量与以上针对制备聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的方法所述相同。
根据本发明的第四方面,提供一种组合物,其包含碳酰胺和有机铋。
所述组合物可作为催化剂用于聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的制备。
所述有机铋为铋含量为5wt.%~40wt.%的铋类有机金属盐。
作为可用于本发明的有机铋,可以提及的实例有异辛酸铋、月桂酸铋、新癸酸铋、环烷酸铋等,例如可从美国领先公司获得的Bicat 8118、Bicat 8108、Bicat 8124、Bicat8106、Bicat 8210等。
优选碳酰胺和有机铋重量比为2/1~20/1,优选为3/1~15/1,特别优选为4/1~10/1。
根据本发明的第五方面,提供上述组合物在聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的制备中作为催化剂的用途。
除非另外限定,本文所使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所属领域技术人员通常理解的相同意义。当本说明书中术语的定义与本发明所属领域技术人员通常理解的意义有矛盾时,以本文中所述的定义为准。
以下通过实施例对本发明进行示例性说明,但应理解本发明的范围不受这些实施例的限定。
实施例
实施例中所用测试方法说明:
泡沫爬升时间:测试所用设备为20cm*20cm*15cm的方木盒、PENDRAULIK搅拌器、秒表。将B组分按比例倒入A组分中,开动搅拌器,同时启动秒表计时,观察泡沫爬升状态,当泡沫爬升至最高点时,所记时间即为泡沫爬升时间。
泡沫密度:按照ASTM D3574测定。
泡沫硬度:按照HG/T2489测定。
实施例中所用原料说明
Polyol 1:聚醚多元醇,平均分子量6000,羟值28mg KOH/g,从科思创聚合物有限公司购得的Arcol 1362。
Polyol 2:聚脲多元醇,羟值28mg KOH/g,固含量20%,从科思创聚合物有限公司购得的Multranol 9151。
Polyol 3:聚醚多元醇,平均分子量4500,羟值37mg KOH/g,从科思创聚合物有限公司购得的SBU polyol S240。
Niax L-5333:有机硅表面活性剂,从迈图公司购得。
Bicat-1:美国领先公司的Bicat 8118,铋含量16wt.%。
Bicat-2:美国领先公司的Bicat 8108,铋含量20wt.%。
DEOA:二乙醇胺扩连剂。
尿素:碳酰胺纯度为99wt.%。
ISO 1:多异氰酸酯,NCO含量为32%的改性MDI,从科思创聚合物有限公司购得的Desmodur 3133。
实施例1-8:聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的制备
按照表1中所述的量将多元醇、扩链剂、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂、碳酰胺、有机铋通过搅拌器混合均匀,制得混合物A组分。采用自PENDRAULIK公司购得的PENDRAULIK搅拌器作为混合设备,搅拌器转速为1000rpm~2500rpm,搅拌时间小于10min。
将混合物A组分与B组分多异氰酸酯通过双组分或多组分聚氨酯混合设备混合反应。所使用的混合设备为高压混合设备。
其中实施例1不使用有机铋,是对照实施例。
表1所用原料以及发泡情况
Figure BSA0000142837980000101
Figure BSA0000142837980000111
从上表可以看出,碳酰胺与有机铋的组合能达到正常的发泡催化效果,既能达到反应时间60~240秒之间,又能使制品能成型不收缩,满足了一定的加工窗口,实现了可操作性,同时反应制得的海绵制品有理想的发泡密度和泡沫硬度,具有实用性。
尽管上文针对本发明目的详细说明了本发明,但应理解的是,这种详细说明只是示例性的,除了可以由权利要求书限定的内容外,在不偏离本发明的精神及范围的情况下,本领域技术人员可以进行各种改变。

Claims (14)

1.一种制备聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的方法,其特征在于,其包括以下步骤:
i)将以下成分混合并搅拌均匀,得到混合物A组分:
a1)一种或更多种多元醇;
a2)一种或更多种分子量小于200的小分子扩链剂;
a3)一种或更多种发泡剂;
a4)一种或更多种泡沫稳定剂;
a5)碳酰胺;
a6)有机铋;
ii)将下述B组分与A组分混合得到反应混合物:
B组分,其为一种或更多种多异氰酸酯;和
iii)使反应混合物反应以得到聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵;
其中,所述碳酰胺和有机铋重量比为4/1~10/1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述a1)一种或更多种多元醇选自聚醚多元醇、聚合物聚醚多元醇和聚脲多元醇。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述聚醚多元醇的分子量为500~8000,官能度为2~4,环氧乙烷含量为0~80%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物聚醚多元醇选自丙烯腈和/或苯乙烯与聚醚多元醇进行接枝聚合而制得的聚合物分散体内接枝共聚醚,羟值为16~35mgKOH/g,丙烯腈和/或苯乙烯含量为5~60wt.%,基于所述聚合物聚醚多元醇的重量。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述聚脲多元醇选自由肼和甲苯二异氰酸酯在聚醚多元醇中进行原位逐步聚合制备而得的聚脲多元醇,固含量10~40wt.%。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述小分子扩链剂选自二乙醇胺、甘油、三乙醇胺、乙二醇、丙二醇和丁二醇。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述发泡剂选自水、液态二氧化碳、二氯甲烷、氟化烃。
8.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述有机铋为铋含量为5wt.%~40wt.%的铋类有机金属盐。
9.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述B组分中的多异氰酸酯选自多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯和具有碳二亚胺基团、氨基甲酸酯基团、脲基甲酸酯基团、异氰脲酸酯基团、脲基或缩二脲基团的多异氰酸酯,衍生自2,4-和/或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯或者4,4′-和/或2,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的改性多异氰酸酯,2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯及其混合物。
10.通过权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法获得的聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵。
11.一种聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵,其由以下A、B两组分反应得到:
A组分,其包括:
a1)一种或更多种多元醇;
a2)一种或更多种分子量小于200的小分子扩链剂;
a3)一种或更多种发泡剂;
a4)一种或更多种泡沫稳定剂;
a5)碳酰胺;
a6)有机铋;
B组分,其为一种或更多种多异氰酸酯;
其中,所述碳酰胺和有机铋重量比为4/1~10/1。
12.一种用于多元醇的组合物,其特征在于,其包含碳酰胺和有机铋;所述碳酰胺和有机铋重量比为4/1~10/1,所述碳酰胺的量为0.1~4重量份,以100重量份多元醇为基准。
13.根据权利要求12所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述有机铋为铋含量为5wt.%~40wt.%的铋类有机金属盐。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的组合物在聚氨酯高回弹软质海绵的制备中作为催化剂的用途。
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