CN105713506A - 一种耐高温防火外墙板 - Google Patents

一种耐高温防火外墙板 Download PDF

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CN105713506A
CN105713506A CN201610188132.0A CN201610188132A CN105713506A CN 105713506 A CN105713506 A CN 105713506A CN 201610188132 A CN201610188132 A CN 201610188132A CN 105713506 A CN105713506 A CN 105713506A
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parts
insulating layer
refractory insulating
fire
foaming agent
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王德全
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Anhui Dequan New Building Materials Technology Co Ltd
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Anhui Dequan New Building Materials Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐高温防火外墙板，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、耐火保温层、抹面砂浆层、防水层、装饰涂层和耐磨层；其中耐火保温层的原料按重量份包括：对苯二酚27～30份，六氯环三磷腈11～14份，聚氧化丙烯二醇18～22份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯65～70份，三甲基戊二醇50～60份，葡萄糖3～4份，有机铋催化剂DY-20 0.3～0.6份，发泡剂25～35份，发泡助剂9～12份，坡缕石19～22份，白云石13～16份，硅藻土6～9份，玻璃纤维5～8份，秸秆丝12～15份，氢氧化镁16～19份，防老剂2～3份。本发明提出的耐高温防火外墙板，耐高温防火性能优异，耐水性能优秀，硬度高，耐压缩性能好。

Description

一种耐高温防火外墙板
技术领域
本发明涉及外墙板技术领域，尤其涉及一种耐高温防火外墙板。
背景技术
当前，我国建筑总能耗已经超过一次能源消费总量的30％，居耗能首位，而且建筑用能占我国能源消费量的比例仍在逐年上升，建筑节能已成为全社会节能的重点领域之一，其中建筑外墙节能保温是现在建筑节能降耗的重点之一。现有建筑围护结构的节能方式主要有三种，外墙内保温、外墙内保温及夹心保温三种方式。这三种保温方式各有优缺点，外墙外保温的优点在于可以有效的避免冷热桥的产生、有效保护主体结构，然而其缺点在于目前广泛采用的有机类保温板其防火性能相对不佳，且其施工难度相对较大；外墙内保温的优点在于施工相对简单，造价较低，然其缺点也很明显，采取外墙内保温的方式难以避免冷热桥的产生，墙体与保温层的结合处易产生结露、发霉等现象；夹心保保温的优点在于，其对保温材料的要求尤其是对保温材料的强度要求较低，缺点在于不能避免冷热桥的产生，施工困难。
为了进一步提高围护结构的节能保温功能，降低工程现场施工难度，增加外墙保温装饰一体化复合板的防火安全性能，人们研发出了节能墙板。聚氨酯发泡板具有较好保温效果，但防火性能差。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明提出了一种耐高温防火外墙板，耐高温防火性能优异，耐水性能优秀，硬度高，耐压缩性能好。
本发明提出的一种耐高温防火外墙板，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、耐火保温层、抹面砂浆层、防水层、装饰涂层和耐磨层；
其中耐火保温层的原料按重量份包括：对苯二酚27～30份，六氯环三磷腈11～14份，聚氧化丙烯二醇18～22份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯65～70份，三甲基戊二醇50～60份，葡萄糖3～4份，有机铋催化剂DY-200.3～0.6份，发泡剂25～35份，发泡助剂9～12份，坡缕石19～22份，白云石13～16份，硅藻土6～9份，玻璃纤维5～8份，秸秆丝12～15份，氢氧化镁16～19份，防老剂2～3份。
优选地，耐火保温层原料中，发泡剂按重量份包括：2-甲基庚烷20～23份，发泡剂AC11～14份，发泡剂OBSH3～6份，碳酸氢铵15～18份。
优选地，耐火保温层原料中，发泡助剂按重量份包括：氧化锌1.5～2.5份，硬脂酸铝3～6份，尿素5～8份，聚硅氧烷-多烷氧基醚共聚物2～3份。
优选地，耐火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将对苯二酚、氢氧化钾和甲苯混合均匀，再滴加含六氯环三磷腈的甲苯溶液，升温，保温，用碱溶液洗涤得到有机相，然后将有机相减压蒸馏，真空干燥，重结晶得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚氧化丙烯二醇混合均匀后，再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温，保温，降温得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入三甲基戊二醇、葡萄糖、有机铋催化剂DY-20、发泡剂、发泡助剂、坡缕石、白云石、硅藻土、玻璃纤维、秸秆丝、氢氧化镁、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温，保温得到耐火保温层。
甲苯和丙酮在制备过程中起到溶剂的作用，不参与反应，无需限定用量。
优选地，耐火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将对苯二酚、氢氧化钾和甲苯混合均匀，再滴加含六氯环三磷腈的甲苯溶液，升温至105～110℃，保温7.5～8.5h，用碱溶液洗涤得到有机相，然后将有机相减压蒸馏，真空干燥，重结晶得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚氧化丙烯二醇混合均匀后，再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温至75～85℃，保温180～200min，降温至30～35℃得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入三甲基戊二醇、葡萄糖、有机铋催化剂DY-20、发泡剂、发泡助剂、坡缕石、白云石、硅藻土、玻璃纤维、秸秆丝、氢氧化镁、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温至122～128℃，保温200～220min得到耐火保温层。
优选地，耐火保温层原料中，对苯二酚、六氯环三磷腈、聚氧化丙烯二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的重量比为28～29：12～13：19～20：66～68。
本发明将六氯环三磷腈和对苯二酚进行反应，使对苯二酚取代六氯环三磷腈的六个氯原子生成六酚氧基环三磷腈，然后采用六酚氧基环三磷腈和聚氧化丙烯二醇混合提供羟基，与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯反应生成聚氨酯预聚体，从而在聚氨酯结构上引入苯环和氮磷环形结构，提高了耐火保温层的亲油性，使本发明耐火保温层发泡过程中亲油基向外对空气排布，亲水基向内排布，从而使得接触角增大，水难以在耐火保温层表面铺展润湿，同时引入氮磷环形结构和苯环，使刚性结构增多，改善由于氮磷基团的引入而导致耐火保温层变软、附着力变差的缺点，从而使耐火保温层的耐水、耐热和耐压缩性能得到进一步增强，而且使本发明在燃烧过程中，由于C-C键的键能大于C-P的键能要大，受热能力差的含磷化合物率先分解出磷酸以及多种有机膦酸起到覆盖作用，还引起多羟基聚合物脱水形成隔热、隔氧的残炭层，阻止热量向内部传递，而氮元素在燃烧过程中也会分解放出N2等不燃气体，在耐火保温层表面形成阻燃气膜，从而进一步提高本发明的阻燃性能，同时不燃气体的释放又促进隔热、隔氧的残炭层形成蜂窝状，有利于阻止热量向内部传递，进一步提高耐火保温层的耐热阻燃性能；而葡萄糖作为自然界中分布最广泛最重要的一种单糖，分子中含有五个羟基，能与-NCO反应，生成具有交联网状结构的聚氨酯，分子链运动受到限制，且大范围的交联使得分子间空隙变小，水分子难以进入聚氨酯分子内部，表现为耐火保温层吸水率不断下降，耐水性提高，葡萄糖的引入使得耐火保温层交联程度增加，内聚能变大，提高了耐火保温层的热稳定性和硬度；同时三甲基戊二醇、葡萄糖、六酚氧基环三磷腈和聚氧化丙烯二醇中还含有大量未参与反应的羟基，这部分羟基彼此形成大量的氢键，进一步增加了交联强度，进一步提高了耐火保温层的硬度和耐水性。
本发明采用2-甲基庚烷、发泡剂AC、发泡剂OBSH和碳酸氢铵配合作为发泡剂，使化学发泡剂和物理发泡剂配合，使本发明耐火保温层发泡孔充足均匀细腻，分布合理，而氧化锌、硬脂酸铝、尿素和聚硅氧烷-多烷氧基醚共聚物作为发泡助剂，一方面使发泡过程发泡剂发气量充足，发泡稳定，另一方面活化发泡剂，降低发泡温度；发泡剂所产生的发泡孔与坡缕石、白云石、硅藻土相互配合，大大降低耐火保温层的导热系数和密度，提高了本发明隔热性能；而玻璃纤维、秸秆丝与上述原料配合，使发泡聚氨酯韧性优异，耐压缩能力优秀，同时能制约发泡剂过度发泡，促进发泡孔孔径均匀一致；而在高温下氢氧化镁分解生成氧化镁和水，氧化镁附着在耐火保温层表面，与残炭层配合，可抑制可燃性气体产生，进一步隔绝氧气，阻止热量向内部传递，而生成的水减少烟雾产生，降低燃烧热量，氢氧化镁与聚氨酯结构中的氮磷环形结构配合进一步提高本发明防火耐高温性能。
具体实施方式
下面，通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种耐高温防火外墙板，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、耐火保温层、抹面砂浆层、防水层、装饰涂层和耐磨层；
其中耐火保温层的原料按重量份包括：对苯二酚27份，六氯环三磷腈14份，聚氧化丙烯二醇18份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯70份，三甲基戊二醇50份，葡萄糖4份，有机铋催化剂DY-200.3份，发泡剂35份，发泡助剂9份，坡缕石22份，白云石13份，硅藻土9份，玻璃纤维5份，秸秆丝15份，氢氧化镁16份，防老剂3份。
发泡剂按重量份包括：2-甲基庚烷20份，发泡剂AC14份，发泡剂OBSH3份，碳酸氢铵18份。
发泡助剂按重量份包括：氧化锌1.5份，硬脂酸铝6份，尿素5份，聚硅氧烷-多烷氧基醚共聚物3份。
耐火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将对苯二酚、氢氧化钾和甲苯混合均匀，再滴加含六氯环三磷腈的甲苯溶液，升温至105℃，保温8.5h，用碱溶液洗涤得到有机相，然后将有机相减压蒸馏，真空干燥，重结晶得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚氧化丙烯二醇混合均匀后，再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温至75℃，保温200min，降温至30℃得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入三甲基戊二醇、葡萄糖、有机铋催化剂DY-20、发泡剂、发泡助剂、坡缕石、白云石、硅藻土、玻璃纤维、秸秆丝、氢氧化镁、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温至128℃，保温200min得到耐火保温层。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种耐高温防火外墙板，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、耐火保温层、抹面砂浆层、防水层、装饰涂层和耐磨层；
其中耐火保温层的原料按重量份包括：对苯二酚30份，六氯环三磷腈11份，聚氧化丙烯二醇22份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯65份，三甲基戊二醇60份，葡萄糖3份，有机铋催化剂DY-200.6份，发泡剂25份，发泡助剂12份，坡缕石19份，白云石16份，硅藻土6份，玻璃纤维8份，秸秆丝12份，氢氧化镁19份，防老剂2份。
发泡剂按重量份包括：2-甲基庚烷23份，发泡剂AC11份，发泡剂OBSH6份，碳酸氢铵15份。
发泡助剂按重量份包括：氧化锌2.5份，硬脂酸铝3份，尿素8份，聚硅氧烷-多烷氧基醚共聚物2份。
耐火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将对苯二酚、氢氧化钾和甲苯混合均匀，再滴加含六氯环三磷腈的甲苯溶液，升温至110℃，保温7.5h，用碱溶液洗涤得到有机相，然后将有机相减压蒸馏，真空干燥，重结晶得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚氧化丙烯二醇混合均匀后，再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温至85℃，保温180min，降温至35℃得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入三甲基戊二醇、葡萄糖、有机铋催化剂DY-20、发泡剂、发泡助剂、坡缕石、白云石、硅藻土、玻璃纤维、秸秆丝、氢氧化镁、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温至122℃，保温220min得到耐火保温层。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种耐高温防火外墙板，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、耐火保温层、抹面砂浆层、防水层、装饰涂层和耐磨层；
其中耐火保温层的原料按重量份包括：对苯二酚28份，六氯环三磷腈13份，聚氧化丙烯二醇19份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯68份，三甲基戊二醇52份，葡萄糖3.7份，有机铋催化剂DY-200.4份，发泡剂33份，发泡助剂10份，坡缕石21份，白云石14份，硅藻土8份，玻璃纤维6份，秸秆丝14份，氢氧化镁17份，防老剂2.8份。
发泡剂按重量份包括：2-甲基庚烷21份，发泡剂AC13份，发泡剂OBSH4份，碳酸氢铵17份。
发泡助剂按重量份包括：氧化锌1.8份，硬脂酸铝5份，尿素6份，聚硅氧烷-多烷氧基醚共聚物2.6份。
耐火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将对苯二酚、氢氧化钾和甲苯混合均匀，再滴加含六氯环三磷腈的甲苯溶液，升温至106℃，保温8.2h，用碱溶液洗涤得到有机相，然后将有机相减压蒸馏，真空干燥，重结晶得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚氧化丙烯二醇混合均匀后，再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温至77℃，保温195min，降温至32℃得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入三甲基戊二醇、葡萄糖、有机铋催化剂DY-20、发泡剂、发泡助剂、坡缕石、白云石、硅藻土、玻璃纤维、秸秆丝、氢氧化镁、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温至126℃，保温210min得到耐火保温层。
实施例4
本发明提出的一种耐高温防火外墙板，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、耐火保温层、抹面砂浆层、防水层、装饰涂层和耐磨层；
其中耐火保温层的原料按重量份包括：对苯二酚29份，六氯环三磷腈12份，聚氧化丙烯二醇20份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯66份，三甲基戊二醇58份，葡萄糖3.3份，有机铋催化剂DY-200.5份，发泡剂27份，发泡助剂11份，坡缕石20份，白云石15份，硅藻土7份，玻璃纤维7份，秸秆丝13份，氢氧化镁18份，防老剂2.2份。
发泡剂按重量份包括：2-甲基庚烷22份，发泡剂AC12份，发泡剂OBSH5份，碳酸氢铵16份。
发泡助剂按重量份包括：氧化锌2.2份，硬脂酸铝4份，尿素7份，聚硅氧烷-多烷氧基醚共聚物2.3份。
耐火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将对苯二酚、氢氧化钾和甲苯混合均匀，再滴加含六氯环三磷腈的甲苯溶液，升温至108℃，保温7.8h，用碱溶液洗涤得到有机相，然后将有机相减压蒸馏，真空干燥，重结晶得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚氧化丙烯二醇混合均匀后，再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温至83℃，保温190min，降温至33℃得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入三甲基戊二醇、葡萄糖、有机铋催化剂DY-20、发泡剂、发泡助剂、坡缕石、白云石、硅藻土、玻璃纤维、秸秆丝、氢氧化镁、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温至124℃，保温215min得到耐火保温层。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种耐高温防火外墙板，其特征在于，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、耐火保温层、抹面砂浆层、防水层、装饰涂层和耐磨层；
其中耐火保温层的原料按重量份包括：对苯二酚27～30份，六氯环三磷腈11～14份，聚氧化丙烯二醇18～22份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯65～70份，三甲基戊二醇50～60份，葡萄糖3～4份，有机铋催化剂DY-200.3～0.6份，发泡剂25～35份，发泡助剂9～12份，坡缕石19～22份，白云石13～16份，硅藻土6～9份，玻璃纤维5～8份，秸秆丝12～15份，氢氧化镁16～19份，防老剂2～3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述耐高温防火外墙板，其特征在于，耐火保温层原料中，发泡剂按重量份包括：2-甲基庚烷20～23份，发泡剂AC11～14份，发泡剂OBSH3～6份，碳酸氢铵15～18份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述耐高温防火外墙板，其特征在于，耐火保温层原料中，发泡助剂按重量份包括：氧化锌1.5～2.5份，硬脂酸铝3～6份，尿素5～8份，聚硅氧烷-多烷氧基醚共聚物2～3份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述耐高温防火外墙板，其特征在于，耐火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将对苯二酚、氢氧化钾和甲苯混合均匀，再滴加含六氯环三磷腈的甲苯溶液，升温，保温，用碱溶液洗涤得到有机相，然后将有机相减压蒸馏，真空干燥，重结晶得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚氧化丙烯二醇混合均匀后，再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温，保温，降温得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入三甲基戊二醇、葡萄糖、有机铋催化剂DY-20、发泡剂、发泡助剂、坡缕石、白云石、硅藻土、玻璃纤维、秸秆丝、氢氧化镁、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温，保温得到耐火保温层。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述耐高温防火外墙板，其特征在于，耐火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将对苯二酚、氢氧化钾和甲苯混合均匀，再滴加含六氯环三磷腈的甲苯溶液，升温至105～110℃，保温7.5～8.5h，用碱溶液洗涤得到有机相，然后将有机相减压蒸馏，真空干燥，重结晶得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚氧化丙烯二醇混合均匀后，再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温至75～85℃，保温180～200min，降温至30～35℃得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入三甲基戊二醇、葡萄糖、有机铋催化剂DY-20、发泡剂、发泡助剂、坡缕石、白云石、硅藻土、玻璃纤维、秸秆丝、氢氧化镁、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温至122～128℃，保温200～220min得到耐火保温层。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述耐高温防火外墙板，其特征在于，耐火保温层原料中，对苯二酚、六氯环三磷腈、聚氧化丙烯二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的重量比为28～29：12～13：19～20：66～68。
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