CN105820547A - 一种防火保温外墙板 - Google Patents

一种防火保温外墙板 Download PDF

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CN105820547A
CN105820547A CN201610188114.2A CN201610188114A CN105820547A CN 105820547 A CN105820547 A CN 105820547A CN 201610188114 A CN201610188114 A CN 201610188114A CN 105820547 A CN105820547 A CN 105820547A
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fireproof thermal
insulation layer
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foaming agent
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王德全
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Anhui Dequan New Building Materials Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防火保温外墙板，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、防火保温层、耐磨层和装饰涂层；其中防火保温层的原料按重量包括：六氯环三磷腈19～22份，对苯二酚16～19份，聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇10～20份，苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯50～60份，葡萄糖30～40份，三羟甲基丙烷1～2份，辛酸亚锡0.3～0.5份，发泡剂20～30份，发泡助剂5～10份，硅酸钙10～15份，无机中空微球5～8份，膨胀珍珠岩17～20份，玻璃纤维3～6份，椰子纤维16～19份，硼酸锌15～18份，防老剂2～3份。本发明提出的防火保温外墙板，防火耐高温性能优异，耐水性能优秀，硬度高，耐压缩性能好。

Description

一种防火保温外墙板
技术领域
本发明涉及外墙板技术领域，尤其涉及一种防火保温外墙板。
背景技术
当前，我国建筑总能耗已经超过一次能源消费总量的30％，居耗能首位，而且建筑用能占我国能源消费量的比例仍在逐年上升，建筑节能已成为全社会节能的重点领域之一，其中建筑外墙节能保温是现在建筑节能降耗的重点之一。现有建筑围护结构的节能方式主要有三种，外墙内保温、外墙内保温及夹心保温三种方式。这三种保温方式各有优缺点，外墙外保温的优点在于可以有效的避免冷热桥的产生、有效保护主体结构，然而其缺点在于目前广泛采用的有机类保温板其防火性能相对不佳，且其施工难度相对较大；外墙内保温的优点在于施工相对简单，造价较低，然其缺点也很明显，采取外墙内保温的方式难以避免冷热桥的产生，墙体与保温层的结合处易产生结露、发霉等现象；夹心保保温的优点在于，其对保温材料的要求尤其是对保温材料的强度要求较低，缺点在于不能避免冷热桥的产生，施工困难。
为了进一步提高围护结构的节能保温功能，降低工程现场施工难度，增加外墙保温装饰一体化复合板的防火安全性能，人们研发出了节能墙板。聚氨酯发泡板具有较好保温效果，但防火性能差。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明提出了一种防火保温外墙板，防火耐高温性能优异，耐水性能优秀，硬度高，耐压缩性能好。
本发明提出的一种防火保温外墙板，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、防火保温层、耐磨层和装饰涂层；
其中防火保温层的原料按重量包括：六氯环三磷腈19～22份，对苯二酚16～19份，聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇10～20份，苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯50～60份，葡萄糖30～40份，三羟甲基丙烷1～2份，辛酸亚锡0.3～0.5份，发泡剂20～30份，发泡助剂5～10份，硅酸钙10～15份，无机中空微球5～8份，膨胀珍珠岩17～20份，玻璃纤维3～6份，椰子纤维16～19份，硼酸锌15～18份，防老剂2～3份。
优选地，防火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将六氯环三磷腈真空升温，真空保温，真空冷却至室温，洗涤得到聚二氯磷腈；将聚二氯磷腈加入四氢呋喃中，再滴加对苯二酚，充入干燥氮气进行气体置换，接着回流加热，然后蒸馏，洗涤，真空干燥得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇混合均匀后，再加入苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温，保温，降温得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入葡萄糖、三羟甲基丙烷、辛酸亚锡、发泡剂、发泡助剂、硅酸钙、无机中空微球、膨胀珍珠岩、玻璃纤维、椰子纤维、硼酸锌、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温，保温得到防火保温层。
四氢呋喃和丙酮在制备过程中起到溶剂的作用，不参与反应，无需限定用量。
优选地，防火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将六氯环三磷腈真空升温至240～260℃，然后真空保温35～45h，真空冷却至室温，洗涤得到聚二氯磷腈；将聚二氯磷腈加入四氢呋喃中，再滴加对苯二酚，充入干燥氮气进行气体置换，接着回流加热50～52h，然后蒸馏，洗涤，真空干燥得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇混合均匀后，再加入苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温至105～110℃，保温160～190min，降温至30～35℃得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入葡萄糖、三羟甲基丙烷、辛酸亚锡、发泡剂、发泡助剂、硅酸钙、无机中空微球、膨胀珍珠岩、玻璃纤维、椰子纤维、硼酸锌、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温至110～120℃，保温160～200min得到防火保温层。
优选地，防火保温层原料中，发泡剂按重量份包括：发泡剂AC9～12份，发泡剂H7～10份，发泡剂OBSH4～7份，正庚烷15～20份。
优选地，防火保温层原料中，发泡助剂按重量份包括：硬脂酸钙3～6份，氧化锌1～2份，尿素5～8份，三乙醇胺0.5～1份，硅树脂聚醚乳液2～5份。
优选地，防火保温层原料中，六氯环三磷腈、对苯二酚、聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯的重量比为20～21：17～18：12～18：53～57。
优选地，防火保温层原料中，硅酸钙、无机中空微球、膨胀珍珠岩、玻璃纤维、椰子纤维、硼酸锌的重量比为12～13：6～7：18～19：4～5：17～18：16～17。
本发明将六氯环三磷腈进行加热以产生开环、聚合反应，再通过滴加对苯二酚，使对苯二酚取代聚二氯磷腈上的氯原子形成含苯环和氮磷长链的二元醇；本发明再采用物料a和聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇混合后提供羟基，与苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯反应生成聚氨酯预聚体，从而在聚氨酯主链结构上提高苯环含量，同时引入氮磷长侧链，提高了防火保温层的亲油性，使本发明防火保温层发泡过程中亲油基向外对空气排布，亲水基向内排布，从而使得接触角增大，水难以在防火保温层表面铺展润湿，同时提高苯环含量，使刚性结构增多，改善由于氮磷长侧链的引入而导致防火保温层变软、附着力变差的缺点，从而使防火保温层的耐水、耐热和耐压缩性能得到进一步增强，而且氮磷长侧链的引入，使本发明在燃烧过程中，由于C-C键的键能大于C-P的键能要大，受热能力差的含磷化合物率先分解出磷酸以及多种有机膦酸起到覆盖作用，还引起多羟基聚合物脱水形成隔热、隔氧的残炭层，阻止热量向内部传递，而氮元素在燃烧过程中也会分解放出N2等不燃气体，在防火保温层表面形成阻燃气膜，从而进一步提高本发明的阻燃性能，同时不燃气体的释放又促进隔热、隔氧的残炭层形成蜂窝状，有利于阻止热量向内部传递，进一步提高防火保温层的耐热阻燃性能；而葡萄糖作为自然界中分布最广泛最重要的一种单糖，分子中含有五个羟基，能与-NCO反应，生成具有交联网状结构的聚氨酯，分子链运动受到限制，且大范围的交联使得分子间空隙变小，水分子难以进入聚氨酯分子内部，表现为防火保温层吸水率不断下降，耐水性提高，葡萄糖的引入使得防火保温层交联程度增加，内聚能变大，提高了防火保温层的热稳定性和硬度；同时葡萄糖、物料a和聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇中还含有大量未参与反应的羟基，这部分羟基彼此形成大量的氢键，进一步增加了交联强度，进一步提高了防火保温层的硬度和耐水性。
本发明采用发泡剂AC、发泡剂H、发泡剂OBSH和正庚烷配合作为发泡剂，使化学发泡剂和物理发泡剂配合，使本发明防火保温层发泡孔充足均匀细腻，分布合理，而硬脂酸钙、氧化锌、尿素、三乙醇胺和硅树脂聚醚乳液作为发泡助剂，一方面使发泡过程发泡剂发气量充足，发泡稳定，另一方面活化发泡剂，降低发泡温度；发泡剂所产生的发泡孔与硅酸钙、无机中空微球、膨胀珍珠岩相互配合，大大降低防火保温层的导热系数和密度，提高了本发明隔热性能；而玻璃纤维、椰子纤维与上述原料配合，使发泡聚氨酯韧性优异，耐压缩能力优秀，同时能制约发泡剂过度发泡，促进发泡孔孔径均匀一致；而硼酸锌与聚氨酯结构中的氮磷长侧链配合，在高温下硼酸锌分解生成B2O3，附着在防火保温层表面，与残炭层配合，可抑制可燃性气体产生，进一步隔绝氧气，阻止热量向内部传递，提高本发明防火性能。
具体实施方式
下面，通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种防火保温外墙板，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、防火保温层、耐磨层和装饰涂层；其中防火保温层的原料按重量包括：六氯环三磷腈20份，对苯二酚18份，聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇12份，苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯57份，葡萄糖34份，三羟甲基丙烷1.7份，辛酸亚锡0.35份，发泡剂25份，发泡助剂6份，硅酸钙13份，无机中空微球6份，膨胀珍珠岩19份，玻璃纤维4份，椰子纤维18份，硼酸锌16份，防老剂2.8份。
发泡剂按重量份包括：发泡剂AC10份，发泡剂H9份，发泡剂OBSH5份，正庚烷18份。
发泡助剂按重量份包括：硬脂酸钙4份，氧化锌1.8份，尿素6份，三乙醇胺0.8份，硅树脂聚醚乳液3份。
防火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将六氯环三磷腈真空升温至255℃，然后真空保温38h，真空冷却至室温，洗涤得到聚二氯磷腈；将聚二氯磷腈加入四氢呋喃中，再滴加对苯二酚，充入干燥氮气进行气体置换，接着回流加热51h，然后蒸馏，洗涤，真空干燥得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇混合均匀后，再加入苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温至106℃，保温180min，降温至32℃得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入葡萄糖、三羟甲基丙烷、辛酸亚锡、发泡剂、发泡助剂、硅酸钙、无机中空微球、膨胀珍珠岩、玻璃纤维、椰子纤维、硼酸锌、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温至116℃，保温170min得到防火保温层。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种防火保温外墙板，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、防火保温层、耐磨层和装饰涂层；其中防火保温层的原料按重量包括：六氯环三磷腈21份，对苯二酚17份，聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇18份，苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯53份，葡萄糖38份，三羟甲基丙烷1.5份，辛酸亚锡0.45份，发泡剂22份，发泡助剂8份，硅酸钙12份，无机中空微球7份，膨胀珍珠岩18份，玻璃纤维5份，椰子纤维17份，硼酸锌17份，防老剂2.2份。
发泡剂按重量份包括：发泡剂AC11份，发泡剂H8份，发泡剂OBSH6份，正庚烷16份。
发泡助剂按重量份包括：硬脂酸钙5份，氧化锌1.5份，尿素7份，三乙醇胺0.6份，硅树脂聚醚乳液4份。
防火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将六氯环三磷腈真空升温至245℃，然后真空保温42h，真空冷却至室温，洗涤得到聚二氯磷腈；将聚二氯磷腈加入四氢呋喃中，再滴加对苯二酚，充入干燥氮气进行气体置换，接着回流加热50.5h，然后蒸馏，洗涤，真空干燥得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇混合均匀后，再加入苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温至108℃，保温170min，降温至33℃得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入葡萄糖、三羟甲基丙烷、辛酸亚锡、发泡剂、发泡助剂、硅酸钙、无机中空微球、膨胀珍珠岩、玻璃纤维、椰子纤维、硼酸锌、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温至112℃，保温180min得到防火保温层。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种防火保温外墙板，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、防火保温层、耐磨层和装饰涂层；其中防火保温层的原料按重量包括：六氯环三磷腈19份，对苯二酚19份，聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇10份，苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯60份，葡萄糖30份，三羟甲基丙烷2份，辛酸亚锡0.3份，发泡剂30份，发泡助剂5份，硅酸钙15份，无机中空微球5份，膨胀珍珠岩20份，玻璃纤维3份，椰子纤维19份，硼酸锌15份，防老剂3份。
发泡剂按重量份包括：发泡剂AC9份，发泡剂H10份，发泡剂OBSH4份，正庚烷20份。
发泡助剂按重量份包括：硬脂酸钙3份，氧化锌2份，尿素5份，三乙醇胺1份，硅树脂聚醚乳液2份。
防火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将六氯环三磷腈真空升温至260℃，然后真空保温35h，真空冷却至室温，洗涤得到聚二氯磷腈；将聚二氯磷腈加入四氢呋喃中，再滴加对苯二酚，充入干燥氮气进行气体置换，接着回流加热52h，然后蒸馏，洗涤，真空干燥得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇混合均匀后，再加入苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温至105℃，保温190min，降温至30℃得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入葡萄糖、三羟甲基丙烷、辛酸亚锡、发泡剂、发泡助剂、硅酸钙、无机中空微球、膨胀珍珠岩、玻璃纤维、椰子纤维、硼酸锌、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温至120℃，保温160min得到防火保温层。
实施例4
本发明提出的一种防火保温外墙板，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、防火保温层、耐磨层和装饰涂层；其中防火保温层的原料按重量包括：六氯环三磷腈22份，对苯二酚16份，聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇20份，苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯50份，葡萄糖40份，三羟甲基丙烷1份，辛酸亚锡0.5份，发泡剂20份，发泡助剂10份，硅酸钙10份，无机中空微球8份，膨胀珍珠岩17份，玻璃纤维6份，椰子纤维16份，硼酸锌18份，防老剂2份。
发泡剂按重量份包括：发泡剂AC12份，发泡剂H7份，发泡剂OBSH7份，正庚烷15份。
发泡助剂按重量份包括：硬脂酸钙6份，氧化锌1份，尿素8份，三乙醇胺0.5份，硅树脂聚醚乳液5份。
防火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将六氯环三磷腈真空升温至240℃，然后真空保温45h，真空冷却至室温，洗涤得到聚二氯磷腈；将聚二氯磷腈加入四氢呋喃中，再滴加对苯二酚，充入干燥氮气进行气体置换，接着回流加热50h，然后蒸馏，洗涤，真空干燥得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇混合均匀后，再加入苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温至110℃，保温160min，降温至35℃得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入葡萄糖、三羟甲基丙烷、辛酸亚锡、发泡剂、发泡助剂、硅酸钙、无机中空微球、膨胀珍珠岩、玻璃纤维、椰子纤维、硼酸锌、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温至110℃，保温200min得到防火保温层。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种防火保温外墙板，其特征在于，包括由内至外依次设置的基层、防火保温层、耐磨层和装饰涂层；
其中防火保温层的原料按重量包括：六氯环三磷腈19～22份，对苯二酚16～19份，聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇10～20份，苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯50～60份，葡萄糖30～40份，三羟甲基丙烷1～2份，辛酸亚锡0.3～0.5份，发泡剂20～30份，发泡助剂5～10份，硅酸钙10～15份，无机中空微球5～8份，膨胀珍珠岩17～20份，玻璃纤维3～6份，椰子纤维16～19份，硼酸锌15～18份，防老剂2～3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述防火保温外墙板，其特征在于，防火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将六氯环三磷腈真空升温，真空保温，真空冷却至室温，洗涤得到聚二氯磷腈；将聚二氯磷腈加入四氢呋喃中，再滴加对苯二酚，充入干燥氮气进行气体置换，接着回流加热，然后蒸馏，洗涤，真空干燥得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇混合均匀后，再加入苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温，保温，降温得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入葡萄糖、三羟甲基丙烷、辛酸亚锡、发泡剂、发泡助剂、硅酸钙、无机中空微球、膨胀珍珠岩、玻璃纤维、椰子纤维、硼酸锌、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温，保温得到防火保温层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述防火保温外墙板，其特征在于，防火保温层的制备方法如下：
S1、将六氯环三磷腈真空升温至240～260℃，然后真空保温35～45h，真空冷却至室温，洗涤得到聚二氯磷腈；将聚二氯磷腈加入四氢呋喃中，再滴加对苯二酚，充入干燥氮气进行气体置换，接着回流加热50～52h，然后蒸馏，洗涤，真空干燥得到物料a；
S2、将物料a和聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇混合均匀后，再加入苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯，充入干燥氮气进行保护，升温至105～110℃，保温160～190min，降温至30～35℃得到物料b；
S3、向物料b中加入葡萄糖、三羟甲基丙烷、辛酸亚锡、发泡剂、发泡助剂、硅酸钙、无机中空微球、膨胀珍珠岩、玻璃纤维、椰子纤维、硼酸锌、防老剂和丙酮混合均匀，涂覆在基层表面，然后升温至110～120℃，保温160～200min得到防火保温层。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述防火保温外墙板，其特征在于，防火保温层原料中，发泡剂按重量份包括：发泡剂AC9～12份，发泡剂H7～10份，发泡剂OBSH4～7份，正庚烷15～20份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述防火保温外墙板，其特征在于，防火保温层原料中，发泡助剂按重量份包括：硬脂酸钙3～6份，氧化锌1～2份，尿素5～8份，三乙醇胺0.5～1份，硅树脂聚醚乳液2～5份。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述防火保温外墙板，其特征在于，防火保温层原料中，六氯环三磷腈、对苯二酚、聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯的重量比为20～21：17～18：12～18：53～57。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述防火保温外墙板，其特征在于，防火保温层原料中，硅酸钙、无机中空微球、膨胀珍珠岩、玻璃纤维、椰子纤维、硼酸锌的重量比为12～13：6～7：18～19：4～5：17～18：16～17。
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CN109181190A (zh) * 2018-11-14 2019-01-11 江苏贝尔诺新能源科技有限公司 一种热固复合聚苯乙烯泡沫保温板防水乳液制备方法

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