JP6739823B2 - 非水電解液用添加剤、それを含むリチウム二次電池用非水電解液、およびリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解液用添加剤、それを含むリチウム二次電池用非水電解液、およびリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6739823B2 JP6739823B2 JP2019500587A JP2019500587A JP6739823B2 JP 6739823 B2 JP6739823 B2 JP 6739823B2 JP 2019500587 A JP2019500587 A JP 2019500587A JP 2019500587 A JP2019500587 A JP 2019500587A JP 6739823 B2 JP6739823 B2 JP 6739823B2
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- carbon atoms
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- aqueous electrolyte
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 87
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 55
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 31
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 68
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- -1 ester compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 18
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910003936 Li(Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004437 Li(Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium monoxide Inorganic materials [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006277 halobenzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005059 halophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07C69/73—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
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Description
R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、または炭素数1〜6のアルコキシであり、
R3は炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基であり、
R4およびR6は、それぞれ独立して、水素、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、炭素数6〜18のアリール基、炭素数5〜8のヘテロシクロアルキル基、炭素数2〜4のアルケニル基、または炭素数2〜4のアルキニル基であり、
R5は、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基またはエーテル基を含む炭素数2〜4のアルキル基であり、
nは0〜3の何れか1つの整数である。
R1は、水素または炭素数1〜6のアルキル基であり、R2は、水素または炭素数1〜6のアルコキシであり、R3は炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基であり、R4は、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、炭素数6〜18のアリール基、炭素数5〜8のヘテロシクロアルキル基、または炭素数2〜4のアルキニル基であり、nは0〜3の何れか1つの整数であってもよい。
R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、または炭素数1〜6のアルコキシであり、
R3は炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基であり、
R4およびR6は、それぞれ独立して、水素、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、炭素数6〜18のアリール基、炭素数5〜8のヘテロシクロアルキル基、炭素数2〜4のアルケニル基、または炭素数2〜4のアルキニル基であり、
R5は、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基またはエーテル基を含む炭素数2〜4のアルキル基であり、
nは0〜3の何れか1つの整数である。
(非水電解液の製造)
1MのLiPF6が溶解された非水系有機溶媒(エチレンカーボネート(EC):エチレンカーボネート(EMC)=30:70体積比)99.5gに、前記化学式1aで表される化合物0.5gを添加することで本発明の非水電解液を製造した。
溶剤のN‐メチル‐2‐ピロリドン(NMP)100重量部に、正極活物質粒子としてリチウムコバルト複合酸化物(LiCO2)、導電材としてカーボンブラック、およびバインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオライドを混合(90:5:5の重量比)した混合物40重量部を添加することで、正極活物質スラリー組成物を製造した。厚さ100μmの正極集電体(Al薄膜)に前記正極活物質スラリー組成物を塗布し、乾燥した後、ロールプレス(roll press)を行って正極を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、化学式1aの化合物の代わりに前記化学式1bの化合物を含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、化学式1aの化合物の代わりに前記化学式1cの化合物を含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記非水電解液の製造時に、添加剤として化学式1aの化合物の代わりに前記化学式1dの化合物を含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、化学式1aの化合物の代わりに前記化学式1eの化合物を含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、化学式1aの化合物の代わりに前記化学式1fの化合物を含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、化学式1aの化合物の代わりに前記化学式1gの化合物を含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、化学式1aの化合物の代わりに前記化学式2aの化合物を含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、化学式1aの化合物の代わりに前記化学式2bの化合物を含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、化学式1aの化合物の代わりに前記化学式2cの化合物を含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、化学式1aの化合物の代わりに前記化学式2dの化合物を含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、化学式1aの化合物の代わりに前記化学式2eの化合物を含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、化学式1aの化合物の代わりに前記化学式2fの化合物を含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、非水系有機溶媒90gに添加剤として前記化学式1aの化合物10gを含むことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、非水系有機溶媒85gに前記化学式1aの化合物15gを添加したことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造時に、添加剤を含まないことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法により、非水電解液およびそれを含む二次電池を製造した
実験例1
作用電極(working electrode)としてFe箔を使用し、対電極(counter electrode)および基準電極(reference electrode)としてそれぞれリチウム金属を使用して、前記実施例1〜5および比較例1で製造された非水電解液をそれぞれ用いてサイクリックボルタンメトリー(Cyclic Voltammetry)を測定した。測定機としては、Potentiostat/Galvanostat機器(Princeton Applied Research社製、EG&G Model 273A)を使用した。この際、電圧スキャン速度は5mV/secとし、OCVで2.5V〜4.5V(vs.Li/Li+)の電圧範囲内で測定した。その測定結果を下記図1に示した。
前記実施例1〜15および比較例1で二次電池の製造時に、正極とセパレータとの間に280μm〜330μmサイズのFe粒子を位置させた。このような方法により、実施例1−1〜15−1および比較例1−1の二次電池を製造した。それぞれ製造された二次電池(電池容量5.5mAh)を25℃で0.1Cの定電流で4.2Vになるまで充電した後、4.2Vの定電圧で充電し、充電電流が0.275mAになると充電を終了した。その後、10分間放置した後、0.5Cの定電流で3.0Vになるまで放電した。
Claims (8)
- 下記化学式1および化学式2で表される化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つ以上のリチウム二次電池非水電解液用添加剤。
R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、または炭素数1〜6のアルコキシであり、
R3は、炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基であり、
R 4 は、水素、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、炭素数6〜18のアリール基、炭素数5〜8のヘテロシクロアルキル基、炭素数2〜4のアルケニル基、炭素数2〜4のアルキニル基、またはエポキシ基であり、
R 6 は、R 4 とは独立して、水素、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、炭素数6〜18のアリール基、炭素数5〜8のヘテロシクロアルキル基、炭素数2〜4のアルケニル基、または炭素数2〜4のアルキニル基であり、
R5は、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基またはエーテル基を含む炭素数2〜4のアルキル基であり、
nは0〜3の何れか1つの整数である。) - 前記化学式1で表される化合物において、
R1は水素または炭素数1〜6のアルキル基であり、
R2は水素または炭素数1〜6のアルコキシであり、
R3は炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基であり、
R4は、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、炭素数6〜18のアリール基、炭素数5〜8のヘテロシクロアルキル基、または炭素数2〜4のアルキニル基であり、
nは0〜3の何れか1つの整数である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池非水電解液用添加剤。 - 前記化学式1で表される化合物が、下記化学式1a〜1gで表される化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つ以上である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池非水電解液用添加剤。
- 前記化学式2で表される化合物において、
R5は、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基またはエーテル基を含む炭素数2〜4のアルキル基であり、R6は炭素数1〜6のアルキル基である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池非水電解液用添加剤。 - 前記化学式2で表される化合物が、下記化学式2a〜2fで表される化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つ以上である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池非水電解液用添加剤。
- リチウム塩と、
有機溶媒と、
下記化学式1および化学式2で表される化合物の少なくとも1つ以上の非水電解液用添加剤と、を含み、
前記非水電解液用添加剤は、非水電解液の全含量を基準として0.01重量%〜10重量%で含まれる、リチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、または炭素数1〜6のアルコキシであり、
R3は、炭素数1〜3のアルキレン基であり、
R 4 は、水素、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、炭素数6〜18のアリール基、炭素数5〜8のヘテロシクロアルキル基、炭素数2〜4のアルケニル基、炭素数2〜4のアルキニル基、またはエポキシ基であり、
R 6 は、R 4 とは独立して、水素、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、炭素数6〜18のアリール基、炭素数5〜8のヘテロシクロアルキル基、炭素数2〜4のアルケニル基、または炭素数2〜4のアルキニル基であり、
R5は、炭素数1〜6のアルキル基またはエーテル基を含む炭素数2〜4のアルキル基であり、
nは0〜3の何れか1つの整数である。) - 前記非水電解液用添加剤は、非水電解液の全含量を基準として0.5重量%〜10重量%で含まれる、請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 負極と、正極と、非水電解液と、を備えるリチウム二次電池であって、
前記非水電解液が、請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液であるリチウム二次電池。
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