JP6735425B2 - イオン伝導性粉末、イオン伝導性成形体および蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
イオン伝導性粉末、イオン伝導性成形体および蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6735425B2 JP6735425B2 JP2019551718A JP2019551718A JP6735425B2 JP 6735425 B2 JP6735425 B2 JP 6735425B2 JP 2019551718 A JP2019551718 A JP 2019551718A JP 2019551718 A JP2019551718 A JP 2019551718A JP 6735425 B2 JP6735425 B2 JP 6735425B2
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- ion conductive
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- lithium ion
- solid electrolyte
- conductive powder
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 179
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 148
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 144
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 41
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- -1 lithium halide Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
A−1.全固体電池102の構成:
(全体構成)
図1は、本実施形態における全固体リチウムイオン二次電池(以下、「全固体電池」という)102の断面構成を概略的に示す説明図である。図1には、方向を特定するための互いに直交するXYZ軸が示されている。本明細書では、便宜的に、Z軸正方向を上方向といい、Z軸負方向を下方向という。
電池本体110は、電池要素がすべて固体で構成されたリチウムイオン二次電池本体である。なお、本明細書において、電池要素がすべて固体で構成されているとは、すべての電池要素の骨格が固体で構成されていることを意味し、例えば該骨格中に液体が含浸した形態等を排除するものではない。電池本体110は、正極114と、負極116と、正極114と負極116との間に配置された固体電解質層112とを備える。以下の説明では、正極114と負極116とを、まとめて電極ともいう。電池本体110は、特許請求の範囲における蓄電デバイスに相当する。
固体電解質層112は、略平板形状の部材であり、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含むイオン伝導性粉末202を含んでいる。より詳細には、固体電解質層112は、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含むイオン伝導性粉末202が加圧成形された成形体(圧粉体)である。固体電解質層112に含まれるイオン伝導性粉末202の構成については、後に詳述する。
正極114は、略平板形状の部材であり、正極活物質214を含んでいる。正極活物質214としては、例えば、S(硫黄)、TiS2、LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiFePO4等が用いられる。また、正極114は、リチウムイオン伝導助剤として、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含むイオン伝導性粉末204を含んでいる。正極114は、さらに電子伝導助剤(例えば、導電性カーボン、Ni(ニッケル)、Pt(白金)、Ag(銀))を含んでいてもよい。
負極116は、略平板形状の部材であり、負極活物質216を含んでいる。負極活物質216としては、例えば、Li金属、Li−Al合金、Li4Ti5O12、カーボン、Si(ケイ素)、SiO等が用いられる。また、負極116は、リチウムイオン伝導助剤として、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含むイオン伝導性粉末206を含んでいる。負極116は、さらに電子伝導助剤(例えば、導電性カーボン、Ni、Pt、Ag)を含んでいてもよい。
次に、固体電解質層112に含まれるイオン伝導性粉末202の構成について説明する。なお、正極114に含まれるイオン伝導性粉末204および負極116に含まれるイオン伝導性粉末206の構成は、固体電解質層112に含まれるイオン伝導性粉末202の構成と同様であるため、説明を省略する。
次に、本実施形態の全固体電池102の製造方法の一例を説明する。はじめに、固体電解質層112を作製する。具体的には、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含むイオン伝導性粉末202として、大気曝露を避けるためにグローブボックス等の大気非曝露環境で保管したイオン伝導性粉末202を準備する。また、仮に、イオン伝導性粉末202が大気曝露された場合でも、TPD−MSにより500℃以上で検出されるCO2量に基づいて算出される、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質1gあたりの炭酸リチウムの含有量が3mg未満であるイオン伝導性粉末202が用いられる。このイオン伝導性粉末202を所定の圧力で加圧成形することにより、イオン伝導性粉末202の成形体(圧粉体)である固体電解質層112を作製する。
上述したように、本実施形態におけるイオン伝導性粉末は、LLZ系リチウムイオン伝導体(LiとLaとZrとOとを少なくとも含有するガーネット型構造もしくはガーネット型類似構造を有するリチウムイオン伝導体)を含んでいる。LLZ系リチウムイオン伝導体としては、Mg、Al、Si、Ca(カルシウム)、Ti、V(バナジウム)、Ga(ガリウム)、Sr、Y(イットリウム)、Nb(ニオブ)、Sn(スズ)、Sb(アンチモン)、Ba(バリウム)、Hf(ハフニウム)、Ta(タンタル)、W(タングステン)、Bi(ビスマス)およびランタノイド元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の元素を含むものを採用することが好ましい。このような構成とすれば、LLZ系リチウムイオン伝導体が良好なリチウムイオン伝導率を示す。
(1)1.33≦Li/(La+A)≦3
(2)0≦Mg/(La+A)≦0.5
(3)0≦A/(La+A)≦0.67
(1´)2.0≦Li/(La+A)≦2.7
(2´)0.01≦Mg/(La+A)≦0.14
(3´)0.04≦A/(La+A)≦0.17
(a)Mgを含み、各元素の含有量がモル比で、1.33≦Li/La≦3、かつ、0≦Mg/La≦0.5 を満たす。
(b)元素Aを含み、各元素の含有量がモル比で、1.33≦Li/(La+A)≦3、かつ、0≦A/(La+A)≦0.67 を満たす。
(c)Mgおよび元素Aを含み、各元素の含有量がモル比で、1.33≦Li/(La+A)≦3、0≦Mg/(La+A)≦0.5、かつ0≦A/(La+A)≦0.67 を満たす。
(d)Mgおよび元素Aを含み、各元素の含有量がモル比で、2.0≦Li/(La+A)≦2.7、0.01≦Mg/(La+A)≦0.14、かつ0.04≦A/(La+A)≦0.17 を満たす。
(4)0.33≦Zr/(La+A)≦1
全固体電池102の各層(固体電解質層112、正極114、負極116)に含まれるイオン伝導性粉末202、204、206について、リチウムイオン伝導性に関する性能評価を行った。図2および図3は、性能評価結果を示す説明図である。
図2に示すように、LLZ−MgSrの大気非曝露粉末を用いたサンプルS1のリチウムイオン伝導率は、4.2×10−6S/cmであった。一方、LLZ−MgSrの大気曝露粉末を用いたサンプルS2のリチウムイオン伝導率は、1.2×10−7S/cmであった。このように、LLZ−MgSrの大気非曝露粉末を用いたサンプルS1の方が、4.08×10−6S/cmだけリチウムイオン伝導率が高かった。
本明細書で開示される技術は、上記実施形態に限られるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の形態に変形することができ、例えば次のような変形も可能である。
Claims (6)
- LiとZrとLaとOとを少なくとも含有するガーネット型構造もしくはガーネット型類似構造を有するイオン伝導体であるリチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含むイオン伝導性粉末において、
TPD−MS(加熱発生ガス質量分析)により500℃以上で検出されるCO2量に基づいて算出される、前記リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質1gあたりのLi2CO3の含有量が、3mg未満であり、
前記イオン伝導体は、Mgと元素A(Aは、Ca、SrおよびBaからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の元素)との少なくとも一方を含み、
含有される各元素がモル比で下記の式(1)〜(3)、
(1)1.33≦Li/(La+A)≦3
(2)0≦Mg/(La+A)≦0.5
(3)0≦A/(La+A)≦0.67
を満たし、
前記リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質の粉末の平均粒径は、0.1μm以上、100μm以下であり、
前記イオン伝導性粉末は、さらに、錯体水素化物を含む、
ことを特徴とするイオン伝導性粉末。 - 請求項1に記載のイオン伝導性粉末において、
前記イオン伝導体は、Mg、Al、Si、Ca、Ti、V、Ga、Sr、Y、Nb、Sn、Sb、Ba、Hf、Ta、W、Biおよびランタノイド元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の元素を含む、
ことを特徴とするイオン伝導性粉末。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載のイオン伝導性粉末において、
前記リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質の粉末の平均粒径は、0.5μm以上である、
ことを特徴とするイオン伝導性粉末。 - 請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載のイオン伝導性粉末において、
前記リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質の粉末の平均粒径は、10μm以下である、
ことを特徴とするイオン伝導性粉末。 - 請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載のイオン伝導性粉末から構成されるイオン伝導性成形体。
- 固体電解質層と、正極と、負極と、を備える蓄電デバイスにおいて、
前記固体電解質層と、前記正極と、前記負極との少なくとも1つは、請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載のイオン伝導性粉末を含む、
ことを特徴とする蓄電デバイス。
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JP2016171068A (ja) * | 2015-03-10 | 2016-09-23 | Tdk株式会社 | ガーネット型リチウムイオン伝導性酸化物 |
JP6672848B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-10 | 2020-03-25 | Tdk株式会社 | ガーネット型又はガーネット型類似の結晶構造を有するリチウムイオン伝導性酸化物セラミックス材料 |
JP6735083B2 (ja) * | 2015-11-10 | 2020-08-05 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | イオン伝導体およびリチウム電池 |
US10615414B2 (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2020-04-07 | Toda Kogyo Corp. | Lithium nickelate-based positive electrode active substance particles and process for producing the same, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
WO2017172793A1 (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2017-10-05 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Thin film ceramics and cermets processed using nanopowders of controlled compositions |
JP2017199539A (ja) | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 固体電解質構造体、リチウム電池、および、固体電解質構造体の製造方法 |
JP6620770B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-12-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 酸化物電解質焼結体、及び、当該酸化物電解質焼結体の製造方法 |
WO2018081224A1 (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2018-05-03 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Metal infiltrated electrodes for solid state batteries |
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US20210020985A1 (en) | 2021-01-21 |
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EP3789346A1 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
CN112041272A (zh) | 2020-12-04 |
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