WO2019212026A1 - イオン伝導性粉末、イオン伝導性成形体および蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
イオン伝導性粉末、イオン伝導性成形体および蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019212026A1 WO2019212026A1 PCT/JP2019/017561 JP2019017561W WO2019212026A1 WO 2019212026 A1 WO2019212026 A1 WO 2019212026A1 JP 2019017561 W JP2019017561 W JP 2019017561W WO 2019212026 A1 WO2019212026 A1 WO 2019212026A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ion conductive
- conductive powder
- lithium ion
- solid electrolyte
- powder
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- -1 lithium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 41
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 40
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004147 desorption mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005464 sample preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/604—Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
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- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
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- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
- C04B2235/762—Cubic symmetry, e.g. beta-SiC
- C04B2235/764—Garnet structure A3B2(CO4)3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/38—Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/008—Halides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the technology disclosed by this specification relates to ion conductive powder.
- all-solid battery an all-solid lithium ion secondary battery in which the battery elements are all solid.
- all solid batteries are safe because there is no risk of leakage or ignition of the organic electrolyte, Since the exterior can be simplified, the energy density per unit mass or unit volume can be improved.
- the solid electrolyte layer and electrodes constituting the all-solid battery include a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte.
- a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte for example, an ionic conductor having a garnet-type structure or a garnet-type similar structure containing at least Li, Zr, La, and O is used.
- the solid electrolyte reacts with moisture and carbon dioxide in the air, so that lithium ion conductivity (Li 2 CO 3 ) of lithium ion conductivity is very low.
- the present inventor does not produce a solid electrolyte layer or the like by sintering or vapor deposition for the purpose of, for example, increasing the size of a battery or simplifying the manufacturing process, but ion conductivity including a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte.
- ion conductivity including a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte.
- lithium ion conductivity cannot be sufficiently improved only by considering lithium carbonate existing on the surface.
- Such a problem is not limited to the ion conductive powder used for the solid electrolyte layer or electrode of an all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery or a molded body thereof, and the ion conductive powder containing a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte and its This is a common problem for molded articles in general.
- the ion conductive powder disclosed in this specification is a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte that is an ionic conductor having a garnet structure or a garnet structure similar to at least containing Li, Zr, La, and O.
- ion-conducting powder containing Li 2 CO 3 per gram of the lithium ion-conducting solid electrolyte calculated based on the amount of CO 2 detected at 500 ° C. or higher by TPD-MS (heat generation gas mass spectrometry). Content is less than 3 mg.
- the inventor of the present application pressure-molded the ion conductive powder by setting the content of lithium carbonate per gram of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte to less than 3 mg at the level of the ion conductive powder. It was newly found that the lithium ion conductivity of the compact (green compact) can be sufficiently improved. Also, at the level of ion conductive powder, it is difficult to specify the content of lithium carbonate by XRD or SEM, but according to TPD-MS, the content of lithium carbonate at the level of ion conductive powder is specified. can do.
- the ion conductor includes Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Ga, Sr, Y, Nb, Sn, Sb, Ba, Hf, Ta, W, Bi and It is good also as a structure containing the at least 1 sort (s) of element selected from the group which consists of a lanthanoid element. According to the present ion conductive powder, lithium ion conductivity can be further effectively improved.
- the ion conductor includes at least one of Mg and an element A (A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba), and contains
- the respective elements to be expressed are in the molar ratio, and the following formulas (1) to (3), (1) 1.33 ⁇ Li / (La + A) ⁇ 3, (2) 0 ⁇ Mg / (La + A) ⁇ 0.5, (3) It is good also as a structure which satisfy
- the ion conductive powder may further include at least one of lithium halide and complex hydride.
- This ion conductive powder has a relatively high ionic conductivity, but has a garnet structure or a garnet structure similar to at least containing Li, Zr, La, and O which are difficult to improve the adhesion between particles due to being relatively hard.
- the ionic conductivity is relatively low, but it contains at least one of lithium halide and complex hydride which are relatively soft and easily improve adhesion between particles. Therefore, if this ion conductive powder is used, the lithium ion conductivity of the compact (compact) obtained by pressure-molding the ion conductive powder can be more effectively improved.
- the said ion conductive powder WHEREIN The average particle diameter of the powder of the said lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte is good also as a structure which is 0.1 micrometer or more. According to the present ion conductive powder, it is possible to avoid that the average particle size of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte powder becomes excessively small, so that the particle size of the powder becomes excessively small and the interface between the particles. It is possible to avoid an excessive increase in the interface resistance.
- the said ion conductive powder WHEREIN The average particle diameter of the powder of the said lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte is good also as a structure which is 0.5 micrometer or more. According to the present ion conductive powder, it is possible to effectively avoid that the average particle size of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte powder becomes excessively small. It is possible to effectively avoid an excessive increase in the interface between them and an increase in interface resistance.
- the said ion conductive powder WHEREIN The average particle diameter of the powder of the said lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte is good also as a structure which is 10 micrometers or less. Since the present ion conductive powder has a relatively small average particle size, the content of lithium carbonate tends to increase with respect to the content of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte. The amount can be reduced, and the lithium ion conductivity of the compact (compact) obtained by pressure-molding the ion conductive powder can be sufficiently improved.
- the ion conductive molded object disclosed by this specification is comprised from the said ion conductive powder. According to the present ion conductive molded article, an ion conductive molded article having sufficiently improved lithium ion conductivity can be obtained.
- the electrical storage device disclosed by this specification is equipped with the solid electrolyte layer, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode, and at least 1 of a solid electrolyte layer, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode contains the said ion conductive powder. According to this power storage device, at least one lithium ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte layer, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode can be sufficiently improved, and as a result, the electrical performance of the power storage device can be sufficiently improved.
- an ion conductive powder an ion conductive molded body composed of an ion conductive powder, and an ion conductive powder are used. It can be realized in the form of an electricity storage device including the manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing a cross-sectional configuration of an all-solid lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter referred to as “all-solid battery”) 102 in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows XYZ axes orthogonal to each other for specifying the direction.
- the positive Z-axis direction is referred to as the upward direction
- the negative Z-axis direction is referred to as the downward direction.
- the all-solid-state battery 102 includes a battery main body 110, a positive electrode side current collecting member 154 disposed on one side (upper side) of the battery main body 110, and a negative electrode side current collector disposed on the other side (lower side) of the battery main body 110.
- the positive electrode side current collecting member 154 and the negative electrode side current collecting member 156 are substantially flat plate members having conductivity, such as stainless steel, Ni (nickel), Ti (titanium), Fe (iron), Cu (copper). , Al (aluminum), a conductive metal material selected from these alloys, a carbon material, or the like.
- the positive electrode side current collecting member 154 and the negative electrode side current collecting member 156 are collectively referred to as a current collecting member.
- the battery body 110 is a lithium ion secondary battery body in which all battery elements are made of solid.
- the battery elements are all composed of solid means that the skeletons of all battery elements are composed of solids, for example, a form in which the skeleton is impregnated with a liquid. It is not excluded.
- the battery body 110 includes a positive electrode 114, a negative electrode 116, and a solid electrolyte layer 112 disposed between the positive electrode 114 and the negative electrode 116.
- the positive electrode 114 and the negative electrode 116 are collectively referred to as electrodes.
- the battery body 110 corresponds to an electricity storage device in the claims.
- the solid electrolyte layer 112 is a substantially flat plate-like member, and includes an ion conductive powder 202 containing a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte. More specifically, the solid electrolyte layer 112 is a molded body (a green compact) in which an ion conductive powder 202 containing a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte is pressure-molded. The configuration of the ion conductive powder 202 included in the solid electrolyte layer 112 will be described in detail later.
- the positive electrode 114 is a substantially flat plate-like member and includes a positive electrode active material 214.
- a positive electrode active material 214 for example, S (sulfur), TiS 2, LiCoO 2, LiMn 2 O 4, LiFePO 4 or the like is used.
- the positive electrode 114 contains the ion conductive powder 204 containing a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte as a lithium ion conductive support agent.
- the positive electrode 114 may further contain an electron conduction auxiliary agent (for example, conductive carbon, Ni (nickel), Pt (platinum), Ag (silver)).
- the negative electrode 116 is a substantially flat plate-like member and includes a negative electrode active material 216.
- a negative electrode active material 216 for example, Li metal, Li—Al alloy, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , carbon, Si (silicon), SiO, or the like is used.
- the negative electrode 116 contains the ion conductive powder 206 containing a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte as a lithium ion conductive auxiliary agent.
- the negative electrode 116 may further contain an electron conduction aid (for example, conductive carbon, Ni, Pt, Ag).
- composition of ion conductive powder Next, the configuration of the ion conductive powder 202 included in the solid electrolyte layer 112 will be described.
- the configuration of the ion conductive powder 204 included in the positive electrode 114 and the configuration of the ion conductive powder 206 included in the negative electrode 116 are the same as the configuration of the ion conductive powder 202 included in the solid electrolyte layer 112, and thus description thereof is omitted. To do.
- the ion conductive powder 202 included in the solid electrolyte layer 112 includes a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte.
- a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte an ion conductor having at least Li, Zr, La and O and having a garnet-type structure or a garnet-type similar structure (hereinafter referred to as “LLZ-based lithium ion conductor”). Is used).
- Such ionic conductors include Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (hereinafter referred to as “LLZ”) and those obtained by performing element substitution of Mg (magnesium) and Sr (strontium) on LLZ ( Hereinafter, it is referred to as “LLZ-MgSr”)).
- LLZ Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12
- LLZ-MgSr Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12
- Such an ion conductor is suitable as a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte contained in the ion conductive powder 202 because it is stable to lithium metal and has relatively high lithium ion conductivity.
- a preferred embodiment of the LLZ lithium ion conductor will be described later.
- the ion conductive powder 202 may further contain at least one of lithium halide and complex hydride. Since the ionic conductor having the garnet-type structure or the garnet-type similar structure is relatively hard in a powder state, the adhesion between particles is low in the state of a compact (compact) obtained by pressure-molding the powder, Lithium ion conductivity is relatively low. On the other hand, lithium halides and complex hydrides have relatively low lithium ion conductivity, but are relatively soft in a powder state, and therefore, it is easy to increase the adhesion between particles by pressurizing the powder.
- the ion conductive powder 202 contains at least one of lithium halide and complex hydride in addition to the ionic conductor having the garnet-type structure or the garnet-type similar structure, without firing or vapor deposition.
- the adhesion between the particles can be increased only by pressure molding the powder, and a molded body (green compact) having high lithium ion conductivity can be obtained.
- lithium halide contained in the ion conductive powder 202 for example, one or more of LiCl, LiBr, LiI and the like can be used.
- the complex hydride to be contained in the ion conductive powder 202 for example, LiBH 4, LiNH 2, LiBH 4 ⁇ 3KI, LiBH 4 ⁇ PI 2, LiBH 4 ⁇ P 2 S 5, Li 2 AlH 6, Li ( NH 2 ) 2 I, 3LiBH 4 .LiI, Li 2 NH, LiGd (BH 4 ) 3 Cl, Li 2 (BH 4 ) (NH 2 ), Li 4 (BH 4 ) (NH 2 ) 3, etc.
- One or more types can be used.
- the ion conductive powder 202 includes 30 vol% (volume%) or more of an ion conductor (for example, LLZ or LLZ-MgSr) having a garnet structure or a garnet structure similar structure containing at least Li, Zr, La, and O. It is preferable.
- the ion conductive powder 202 preferably contains 90 vol% or more of a lithium ion conductive material (for example, LLZ or the like, lithium halide, complex hydride).
- the ion conductive powder 202 may include lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3). That is, lithium carbonate may be generated by the reaction between the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte contained in the ion conductive powder 202 and the moisture and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Since the lithium ion conductivity of lithium carbonate is extremely low (about 1 / 100,000 or less of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte), it is preferable that the content of lithium carbonate in the ion conductive powder 202 is small.
- the lithium carbonate content per 1 g of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte is less than 3 mg.
- the lithium carbonate content per 1 g of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte is more preferably less than 2 mg, and even more preferably less than 1 mg.
- the content of lithium carbonate in the ion conductive powder 202 can be calculated based on the amount of CO 2 detected at 500 ° C. or higher by TPD-MS (heat generation gas mass spectrometry). By calculating the content of lithium carbonate based on the amount of CO 2 detected at 500 ° C.
- the TPD-MS measuring device When measuring with TPD-MS, the TPD-MS measuring device is placed in an environment with a low dew point ( ⁇ 50 ° C. or lower), and the measurement object (ion-conductive powder 202) is handled in the environment. To do.
- the lithium carbonate content per gram of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte is very small as less than 3 mg.
- the TPD-MS measuring device is placed in an environment with a low dew point, and the measurement object is handled in the environment.
- the lithium carbonate content of the ion conductive powder 202 when the lithium carbonate content of the ion conductive powder 202 is measured, the lithium carbonate content can be prevented from excessively increasing, and the lithium carbonate content per 1 g of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte can be accurately determined. Can be measured.
- the particle size of the ion conductive powder 202 when the particle size of the ion conductive powder 202 is relatively small, the specific surface area becomes relatively large, and thus the lithium carbonate content tends to increase during the measurement of the lithium carbonate content. Therefore, even when the ion conductive powder 202 having a relatively small particle size is used as the target, it is possible to suppress an excessive increase in the lithium carbonate content during the measurement of the lithium carbonate content.
- the lithium carbonate content per 1 g of the conductive solid electrolyte can be accurately measured.
- the lithium carbonate content can be specified at the level of the ion conductive powder 202.
- the average particle size of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte powder contained in the ion conductive powder 202 having the above-described configuration is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more. If the average particle size of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte powder is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, it can be avoided that the average particle size of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte powder becomes excessively small. It can be avoided that the particle size becomes excessively small and the interface between the particles is excessively increased to increase the interfacial resistance.
- the average particle size of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte powder when the average particle size of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte powder is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, the average particle size of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte powder can be effectively avoided from being excessively small. Therefore, it can be effectively avoided that the particle diameter of the powder becomes excessively small and the interface between the particles becomes excessively large and the interface resistance increases.
- the average particle size of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte powder is more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle size of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte powder is preferably 150 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte powder contained in the ion conductive powder 202 having the above-described configuration may be 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the lithium carbonate content tends to increase with respect to the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte content, but according to the ion conductive powder of this embodiment, the lithium carbonate content The amount can be reduced, and the lithium ion conductivity of the compact (compact) obtained by pressure-molding the ion conductive powder can be sufficiently improved.
- the solid electrolyte layer 112 is produced. Specifically, as the ion conductive powder 202 containing a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte, an ion conductive powder 202 stored in an environment not exposed to the atmosphere such as a glove box is prepared in order to avoid exposure to the atmosphere. Further, even if the ion conductive powder 202 is exposed to the atmosphere, the lithium carbonate per gram of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte calculated based on the amount of CO 2 detected at 500 ° C. or higher by TPD-MS.
- An ion conductive powder 202 having a content of less than 3 mg is used.
- the ion conductive powder 202 is press-molded at a predetermined pressure to produce a solid electrolyte layer 112 that is a compact (compact) of the ion conductive powder 202.
- the positive electrode 114 and the negative electrode 116 are produced.
- the positive electrode 114 is produced by mixing the powder of the positive electrode active material 214, the ion conductive powder 204 and, if necessary, the powder of the electron conduction auxiliary agent at a predetermined ratio, pulverizing the powder, and then forming the powder.
- the negative electrode 116 is produced by mixing the powder of the negative electrode active material 216, the ion conductive powder 206 and, if necessary, the powder of the electron conduction auxiliary agent, pulverizing the powder and then forming the powder.
- the positive electrode side current collecting member 154, the positive electrode 114, the solid electrolyte layer 112, the negative electrode 116, and the negative electrode side current collecting member 156 are laminated in this order and are integrated by pressing. Through the above steps, the all-solid battery 102 having the above-described configuration is manufactured.
- the ion conductive powder in the present embodiment is an LLZ-based lithium ion conductor (a garnet-type structure containing at least Li, La, Zr, and O or a lithium ion conductor having a garnet-type similar structure).
- LLZ lithium ion conductors include Mg, Al, Si, Ca (calcium), Ti, V (vanadium), Ga (gallium), Sr, Y (yttrium), Nb (niobium), Sn (tin), and Sb.
- Adopting at least one element selected from the group consisting of (antimony), Ba (barium), Hf (hafnium), Ta (tantalum), W (tungsten), Bi (bismuth) and lanthanoid elements Is preferred.
- the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor exhibits good lithium ion conductivity.
- the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor includes at least one of Mg and element A (A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba), and each element contained is in moles. It is preferable to adopt a material satisfying the following formulas (1) to (3) in terms of the ratio. Since Mg and element A have relatively large reserves and are inexpensive, if Mg and / or element A is used as a substitution element for the LLZ lithium ion conductor, stable supply of the LLZ lithium ion conductor is possible. Can be expected and the cost can be reduced. (1) 1.33 ⁇ Li / (La + A) ⁇ 3 (2) 0 ⁇ Mg / (La + A) ⁇ 0.5 (3) 0 ⁇ A / (La + A) ⁇ 0.67
- the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor it is possible to employ a material that contains both Mg and element A, and each element contained satisfies the following formulas (1 ′) to (3 ′) in molar ratio. More preferred. (1 ′) 2.0 ⁇ Li / (La + A) ⁇ 2.7 (2 ′) 0.01 ⁇ Mg / (La + A) ⁇ 0.14 (3 ′) 0.04 ⁇ A / (La + A) ⁇ 0.17
- the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor preferably satisfies any of the following (a) to (c), more preferably satisfies (c), and (d) Satisfying it is more preferable.
- (C) Mg and element A are included, and the content of each element is 1.33 ⁇ Li / (La + A) ⁇ 3, 0 ⁇ Mg / (La + A) ⁇ 0.5, and 0 ⁇ A / ( La + A) ⁇ 0.67 is satisfied.
- (D) Mg and element A are included, and the content of each element is 2.0 ⁇ Li / (La + A) ⁇ 2.7, 0.01 ⁇ Mg / (La + A) ⁇ 0.14, and 0 .04 ⁇ A / (La + A) ⁇ 0.17 is satisfied.
- the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor satisfies the above (a), that is, when Li, La, Zr and Mg are contained so as to satisfy the above formulas (1) and (2) in a molar ratio, good lithium ions The conductivity is shown.
- the mechanism is not clear, for example, when the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor contains Mg, the ionic radius of Li and the ionic radius of Mg are close to each other, so that the Li site where Li is arranged in the LLZ crystal phase has Mg
- Li ions are easily moved due to the difference in the charge between Li and Mg, thereby causing Li ions to move easily. As a result, the lithium ion conductivity is increased.
- Mg As the content of Mg in the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor increases, Mg is arranged at the Li site, vacancies are generated at the Li site, and the lithium ion conductivity is improved, but the mole of Mg with respect to the sum of La and element A When the ratio exceeds 0.5, another metal oxide containing Mg is likely to be formed. As the content of the other metal oxide containing Mg increases, the content of the lithium ion conductor having a garnet-type crystal structure or a garnet-type similar crystal structure decreases. Since the lithium ion conductivity of another metal oxide containing Mg is low, when the molar ratio of Mg to the sum of La and element A exceeds 0.5, the lithium ion conductivity is lowered.
- the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor satisfies the above (b), that is, when it contains Li, La, Zr and the element A so as to satisfy the above formulas (1) and (3) in a molar ratio
- Ionic conductivity is shown.
- the mechanism is not clear, for example, when the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor contains the element A, the ionic radius of La and the ionic radius of the element A are close, so the La site where La is arranged in the LLZ crystal phase.
- element A is easily arranged in La and La is replaced with element A, lattice distortion occurs, and free Li ions increase due to the difference in charge between La and element A, thereby improving lithium ion conductivity. Conceivable.
- the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor when the molar ratio of Li to the sum of La and element A is less than 1.33 or more than 3, only a lithium ion conductor having a garnet-type crystal structure or a garnet-type similar crystal structure can be obtained. Therefore, another metal oxide is easily formed. The higher the content of another metal oxide, the smaller the content of lithium ion conductor having a garnet-type crystal structure or a garnet-type similar crystal structure, and the lithium ion conductivity of another metal oxide is Since it is low, lithium ion conductivity decreases.
- the element A in the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor increases, the element A is arranged at the La site, the lattice distortion increases, and free Li ions increase due to the difference in charge between La and the element A.
- the ionic conductivity is improved, when the molar ratio of the element A to the sum of La and the element A exceeds 0.67, another metal oxide containing the element A is easily formed.
- the content of the lithium ion conductor having a garnet-type crystal structure or a crystal structure similar to the garnet-type is relatively reduced as the content of another metal oxide containing the element A is increased, and the element A is also contained. Since the lithium ion conductivity of another metal oxide is low, the lithium ion conductivity is lowered.
- the element A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr and Ba.
- Ca, Sr, and Ba are Group 2 elements in the periodic table, and are likely to be divalent cations, and all have a common property that their ionic radii are close. Since Ca, Sr, and Ba all have an ionic radius close to that of La, they are easily replaced with La arranged at the La site in the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor. It is preferable that the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor contains Sr among these elements A because it can be easily formed by sintering and high lithium ion conductivity can be obtained.
- the lithium ion conductivity can be further improved.
- the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor satisfies the above (d), that is, Li, La, Zr, Mg and element A satisfy the above formulas (1 ′) to (3 ′) in molar ratio.
- the lithium ion conductivity is further improved.
- the mechanism is not clear, for example, Li at the Li site in the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor is replaced with Mg, and La at the La site is replaced with the element A, thereby generating voids at the Li site.
- free Li ions are increased and lithium ion conductivity is further improved.
- the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor satisfies Li, La, Zr, Mg and Sr so as to satisfy the above formulas (1) to (3), particularly so as to satisfy the above formulas (1 ′) to (3 ′). It is preferable from the viewpoint that a high lithium ion conductivity can be obtained and a lithium ion conductor having a high relative density can be obtained.
- the LLZ-based lithium ion conductor preferably contains Zr so as to satisfy the following formula (4) in terms of molar ratio.
- Zr in this range, a lithium ion conductor having a garnet-type crystal structure or a garnet-type similar crystal structure can be easily obtained.
- Performance evaluation For ion conductive powders 202, 204, and 206 included in each layer (solid electrolyte layer 112, positive electrode 114, negative electrode 116) of all solid state battery 102, performance evaluation regarding lithium ion conductivity was performed. 2 and 3 are explanatory diagrams showing the performance evaluation results.
- samples S1 to S4 which are compacts of ion-conductive powder (green compact), were used for performance evaluation.
- Each sample has a different composition of the compact of the ion conductive powder. More specifically, in samples S1 and S2, a molded body made of LLZ-MgSr as a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte was used. On the other hand, in samples S3 and S4, the molded body is composed of an ion conductive powder in which LLZ-MgSr as a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte and LiI as a lithium halide are blended in a volume ratio of 50:50. Was used.
- each sample has a different exposure time to the atmosphere of LLZ-MgSr powder as a lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte. More specifically, in samples S1 and S3, LLZ-MgSr that was not exposed to the atmosphere was used. On the other hand, in samples S2 and S4, LLZ-MgSr exposed to the atmosphere for 24 hours was used.
- the sample preparation method and evaluation method used for performance evaluation are as follows.
- Li 6.95 Mg 0.15 La 2.75 Sr 0.25 Zr 2.0 O 12 (LLZ-MgSr) Li 2 CO 3 , MgO, La (OH) 3 , SrCO 3 , ZrO 2 was weighed. At that time, considering the volatilization of Li during firing, Li 2 CO 3 was further added so as to be about 15 mol% in terms of element. This raw material was put into a nylon pot together with zirconia balls, and pulverized and mixed in a ball mill for 15 hours in an organic solvent. After pulverization and mixing, the slurry was dried and pre-baked on an MgO plate at 1100 ° C. for 10 hours.
- a binder was added to the calcined powder, and the mixture was pulverized and mixed with a ball mill in an organic solvent for 15 hours. After pulverization and mixing, the slurry is dried, put into a 12 mm diameter mold, press-formed to a thickness of about 1.5 mm, and then using a cold isostatic press (CIP). A compact was obtained by applying a hydrostatic pressure of 5 t / cm 2 .
- This molded body was covered with a calcined powder having the same composition as the molded body and fired at 1100 ° C. for 4 hours in a reducing atmosphere to obtain a sintered body.
- the sintered body had a lithium ion conductivity of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm.
- This sintered body was pulverized in a glove box in an argon atmosphere to obtain LLZ-MgSr powder (hereinafter referred to as “atmosphere unexposed powder”) used for samples S1 and S3.
- the average particle size of the LLZ-MgSr powder was 73 ⁇ m.
- the powder obtained by pulverizing the sintered body was exposed to air for 24 hours to obtain LLZ-MgSr powder (hereinafter referred to as “air-exposed powder”) used for samples S2 and S4.
- the content of lithium carbonate was calculated for each of the LLZ-MgSr unexposed powder and exposed powder. Specifically, a gas (CO 2 ) having a molecular weight of 44 detected at 500 ° C. or higher (eg, 600 ° C. to 900 ° C.) by TPD-MS (heat generation gas mass spectrometry) is assumed to be derived from lithium carbonate. Then, the content of lithium carbonate in each sample powder was calculated from the calibration curve of lithium carbonate of the standard sample. The quantification was performed based on the peak area. As shown in FIG. 3, the amount of lithium carbonate per gram of the sample was 0.49 mg for the non-air-exposed powder and 3.38 mg for the air-exposed powder. Thus, the lithium carbonate content of the non-air exposed powder was about one-tenth of the lithium carbonate content of the air exposed powder.
- a gas (CO 2 ) having a molecular weight of 44 detected at 500 ° C. or higher eg, 600 ° C. to
- molded bodies (compacts) were prepared by putting LLZ-MgSr unexposed powder and exposed powder of LLZ-MgSr into a mold having a diameter of 10 mm and performing pressure molding at a pressure of 360 MPa.
- the produced molded body was pressure-fixed so as to be equivalent to 50 MPa using a pressure jig, and the lithium ion conductivity of the molded body at room temperature was measured.
- Sample S3 and Sample S4 were each blended with LLZ-MgSr non-exposed powder and exposed powder of LiL and LiI powder in a volume ratio of 50:50 with a total amount of 2 g, and 45 cc of planetary ball mill.
- a composite powder was obtained by pulverizing and mixing at 200 rpm for 3 hours using 96.5 g of a zirconia pot and a 4 mm diameter ball. This composite powder was put into a metal mold having a diameter of 10 mm, and pressure-molding was performed at a pressure of 360 MPa to produce a compact (compact).
- the produced molded body was pressure-fixed so as to be equivalent to 50 MPa using a pressure jig, and the lithium ion conductivity of the molded body at room temperature was measured.
- the lithium ion conductivity of sample S3 using a composite powder of LLZ-MgSr unexposed powder and LiI powder was 1.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm.
- the lithium ion conductivity of Sample S4 using the composite powder of the LLZ-MgSr exposed powder and LiI powder was 3.01 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm.
- the lithium ion conductivity of sample S3 using the LLZ-MgSr unexposed powder was 1.59 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm.
- Lithium ion conductivity difference between sample S3 and sample S4 using a composite powder of lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte (LLZ-MgSr) powder and lithium halide (LiI) powder (1.59 ⁇ 10 -5 S / cm) was larger.
- the effect of improving the lithium ion conductivity by using the ion conductive powder having a lithium carbonate content of less than 3 mg per 1 g of the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte is obtained by combining the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte and the lithium halide. It can be said that it is remarkable in the structure including.
- the configuration of the all solid state battery 102 in the above embodiment is merely an example, and various changes can be made.
- the ion conductive powder including the lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte is included in all of the solid electrolyte layer 112, the positive electrode 114, and the negative electrode 116.
- the ion conductive powder is included in the solid electrolyte. It may be included in at least one of the layer 112, the positive electrode 114, and the negative electrode 116.
- the technology disclosed in the present specification is not limited to the solid electrolyte layer and the electrodes constituting the all solid state battery 102, and constitutes another power storage device (for example, a lithium air battery, a lithium flow battery, a solid capacitor, etc.). It can also be applied to solid electrolyte layers and electrodes.
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Abstract
Description
A-1.全固体電池102の構成:
(全体構成)
図1は、本実施形態における全固体リチウムイオン二次電池(以下、「全固体電池」という)102の断面構成を概略的に示す説明図である。図1には、方向を特定するための互いに直交するXYZ軸が示されている。本明細書では、便宜的に、Z軸正方向を上方向といい、Z軸負方向を下方向という。
電池本体110は、電池要素がすべて固体で構成されたリチウムイオン二次電池本体である。なお、本明細書において、電池要素がすべて固体で構成されているとは、すべての電池要素の骨格が固体で構成されていることを意味し、例えば該骨格中に液体が含浸した形態等を排除するものではない。電池本体110は、正極114と、負極116と、正極114と負極116との間に配置された固体電解質層112とを備える。以下の説明では、正極114と負極116とを、まとめて電極ともいう。電池本体110は、特許請求の範囲における蓄電デバイスに相当する。
固体電解質層112は、略平板形状の部材であり、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含むイオン伝導性粉末202を含んでいる。より詳細には、固体電解質層112は、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含むイオン伝導性粉末202が加圧成形された成形体(圧粉体)である。固体電解質層112に含まれるイオン伝導性粉末202の構成については、後に詳述する。
正極114は、略平板形状の部材であり、正極活物質214を含んでいる。正極活物質214としては、例えば、S(硫黄)、TiS2、LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiFePO4等が用いられる。また、正極114は、リチウムイオン伝導助剤として、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含むイオン伝導性粉末204を含んでいる。正極114は、さらに電子伝導助剤(例えば、導電性カーボン、Ni(ニッケル)、Pt(白金)、Ag(銀))を含んでいてもよい。
負極116は、略平板形状の部材であり、負極活物質216を含んでいる。負極活物質216としては、例えば、Li金属、Li-Al合金、Li4Ti5O12、カーボン、Si(ケイ素)、SiO等が用いられる。また、負極116は、リチウムイオン伝導助剤として、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含むイオン伝導性粉末206を含んでいる。負極116は、さらに電子伝導助剤(例えば、導電性カーボン、Ni、Pt、Ag)を含んでいてもよい。
次に、固体電解質層112に含まれるイオン伝導性粉末202の構成について説明する。なお、正極114に含まれるイオン伝導性粉末204および負極116に含まれるイオン伝導性粉末206の構成は、固体電解質層112に含まれるイオン伝導性粉末202の構成と同様であるため、説明を省略する。
次に、本実施形態の全固体電池102の製造方法の一例を説明する。はじめに、固体電解質層112を作製する。具体的には、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含むイオン伝導性粉末202として、大気曝露を避けるためにグローブボックス等の大気非曝露環境で保管したイオン伝導性粉末202を準備する。また、仮に、イオン伝導性粉末202が大気曝露された場合でも、TPD-MSにより500℃以上で検出されるCO2量に基づいて算出される、リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質1gあたりの炭酸リチウムの含有量が3mg未満であるイオン伝導性粉末202が用いられる。このイオン伝導性粉末202を所定の圧力で加圧成形することにより、イオン伝導性粉末202の成形体(圧粉体)である固体電解質層112を作製する。
上述したように、本実施形態におけるイオン伝導性粉末は、LLZ系リチウムイオン伝導体(LiとLaとZrとOとを少なくとも含有するガーネット型構造もしくはガーネット型類似構造を有するリチウムイオン伝導体)を含んでいる。LLZ系リチウムイオン伝導体としては、Mg、Al、Si、Ca(カルシウム)、Ti、V(バナジウム)、Ga(ガリウム)、Sr、Y(イットリウム)、Nb(ニオブ)、Sn(スズ)、Sb(アンチモン)、Ba(バリウム)、Hf(ハフニウム)、Ta(タンタル)、W(タングステン)、Bi(ビスマス)およびランタノイド元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の元素を含むものを採用することが好ましい。このような構成とすれば、LLZ系リチウムイオン伝導体が良好なリチウムイオン伝導率を示す。
(1)1.33≦Li/(La+A)≦3
(2)0≦Mg/(La+A)≦0.5
(3)0≦A/(La+A)≦0.67
(1´)2.0≦Li/(La+A)≦2.7
(2´)0.01≦Mg/(La+A)≦0.14
(3´)0.04≦A/(La+A)≦0.17
(a)Mgを含み、各元素の含有量がモル比で、1.33≦Li/La≦3、かつ、0≦Mg/La≦0.5 を満たす。
(b)元素Aを含み、各元素の含有量がモル比で、1.33≦Li/(La+A)≦3、かつ、0≦A/(La+A)≦0.67 を満たす。
(c)Mgおよび元素Aを含み、各元素の含有量がモル比で、1.33≦Li/(La+A)≦3、0≦Mg/(La+A)≦0.5、かつ0≦A/(La+A)≦0.67 を満たす。
(d)Mgおよび元素Aを含み、各元素の含有量がモル比で、2.0≦Li/(La+A)≦2.7、0.01≦Mg/(La+A)≦0.14、かつ0.04≦A/(La+A)≦0.17 を満たす。
(4)0.33≦Zr/(La+A)≦1
全固体電池102の各層(固体電解質層112、正極114、負極116)に含まれるイオン伝導性粉末202、204、206について、リチウムイオン伝導性に関する性能評価を行った。図2および図3は、性能評価結果を示す説明図である。
図2に示すように、LLZ-MgSrの大気非曝露粉末を用いたサンプルS1のリチウムイオン伝導率は、4.2×10-6S/cmであった。一方、LLZ-MgSrの大気曝露粉末を用いたサンプルS2のリチウムイオン伝導率は、1.2×10-7S/cmであった。このように、LLZ-MgSrの大気非曝露粉末を用いたサンプルS1の方が、4.08×10-6S/cmだけリチウムイオン伝導率が高かった。
本明細書で開示される技術は、上記実施形態に限られるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の形態に変形することができ、例えば次のような変形も可能である。
Claims (9)
- LiとZrとLaとOとを少なくとも含有するガーネット型構造もしくはガーネット型類似構造を有するイオン伝導体であるリチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質を含むイオン伝導性粉末において、
TPD-MS(加熱発生ガス質量分析)により500℃以上で検出されるCO2量に基づいて算出される、前記リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質1gあたりのLi2CO3の含有量が、3mg未満である、
ことを特徴とするイオン伝導性粉末。 - 請求項1に記載のイオン伝導性粉末において、
前記イオン伝導体は、Mg、Al、Si、Ca、Ti、V、Ga、Sr、Y、Nb、Sn、Sb、Ba、Hf、Ta、W、Biおよびランタノイド元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の元素を含む、
ことを特徴とするイオン伝導性粉末。 - 請求項1に記載のイオン伝導性粉末において、
前記イオン伝導体は、Mgと元素A(Aは、Ca、SrおよびBaからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の元素)との少なくとも一方を含み、
含有される各元素がモル比で下記の式(1)~(3)、
(1)1.33≦Li/(La+A)≦3
(2)0≦Mg/(La+A)≦0.5
(3)0≦A/(La+A)≦0.67
を満たす、
ことを特徴とするイオン伝導性粉末。 - 請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載のイオン伝導性粉末において、
さらに、ハロゲン化リチウムと、錯体水素化物と、の少なくとも一方を含む、
ことを特徴とするイオン伝導性粉末。 - 請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載のイオン伝導性粉末において、
前記リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質の粉末の平均粒径は、0.1μm以上である、
ことを特徴とするイオン伝導性粉末。 - 請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載のイオン伝導性粉末において、
前記リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質の粉末の平均粒径は、0.5μm以上である、
ことを特徴とするイオン伝導性粉末。 - 請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか一項に記載のイオン伝導性粉末において、
前記リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質の粉末の平均粒径は、10μm以下である、
ことを特徴とするイオン伝導性粉末。 - 請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか一項に記載のイオン伝導性粉末から構成されるイオン伝導性成形体。
- 固体電解質層と、正極と、負極と、を備える蓄電デバイスにおいて、
前記固体電解質層と、前記正極と、前記負極との少なくとも1つは、請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか一項に記載のイオン伝導性粉末を含む、
ことを特徴とする蓄電デバイス。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN112041272B (zh) | 2023-02-28 |
US20210020985A1 (en) | 2021-01-21 |
KR20200139214A (ko) | 2020-12-11 |
CN112041272A (zh) | 2020-12-04 |
KR102444767B1 (ko) | 2022-09-19 |
EP3789346A1 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
EP3789346A4 (en) | 2022-11-09 |
JP6735425B2 (ja) | 2020-08-05 |
JPWO2019212026A1 (ja) | 2020-05-28 |
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