JP6661994B2 - 電子写真感光体およびそれを備えた電子写真装置、並びに、電子写真感光体の梱包体 - Google Patents
電子写真感光体およびそれを備えた電子写真装置、並びに、電子写真感光体の梱包体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6661994B2 JP6661994B2 JP2015226828A JP2015226828A JP6661994B2 JP 6661994 B2 JP6661994 B2 JP 6661994B2 JP 2015226828 A JP2015226828 A JP 2015226828A JP 2015226828 A JP2015226828 A JP 2015226828A JP 6661994 B2 JP6661994 B2 JP 6661994B2
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Description
前記電荷輸送層が少なくとも正孔輸送物質、下記構造式(ET1−4)、
で示される構造を有する電子輸送物質およびバインダー樹脂を含有するとともに、下記式(1)で示される正孔輸送物質の質量(P)と電子輸送物質の質量(N)との質量比(RPN)[質量%]が、10≦RPN≦30を満足し、かつ、
RPN=(N/(P+N))×100 (1)
厚みが50μmで表面抵抗率が2×107Ω/cm2の樹脂シートを介して+6kVの電圧を5秒間印加したときの、印加前後での表面電位差ΔVoおよびハーフトーン電位差ΔVhがともに15V以内であることを特徴とするものである。この場合、前記質量比(RPN)[質量%]は、好適には、10≦RPN≦20を満足する。
前記電荷輸送層が少なくとも正孔輸送物質、下記構造式(ET2−3)、
で示される構造を有する電子輸送物質およびバインダー樹脂を含有するとともに、下記式(1)で示される正孔輸送物質の質量(P)と電子輸送物質の質量(N)との質量比(RPN)[質量%]が、1≦RPN≦20を満足し、かつ、
RPN=(N/(P+N))×100 (1)
厚みが50μmで表面抵抗率が2×107Ω/cm2の樹脂シートを介して+6kVの電圧を5秒間印加したときの、印加前後での表面電位差ΔVoおよびハーフトーン電位差ΔVhがともに15V以内であることを特徴とするものである。この場合、前記質量比(RPN)[質量%]は、好適には1≦RPN≦10を満足する。
前記黒色シート体の、厚みが30〜80μm、表面抵抗率が102〜1011Ω/cm2であることを特徴とするものである。
図1は、本発明の電子写真感光体の一実施形態を示す負帯電積層型電子写真感光体の模式的断面図であり、符号1は導電性基体、2は中間層、3は電荷発生層、4は電荷輸送層、5は保護層を示す。なお、本発明の感光体は、電荷発生層3および電荷輸送層4を備えるものであればよく、中間層2および保護層5は必要に応じて設けられる。
RPN=(N/(P+N))×100 (1)
1≦RPN≦40 (2)
表面電位差 ΔVo=|Vo−Vo1| (a)
ハーフトーン電位差 ΔVh=|Vh−Vh1| (b)
本発明において、導電性基体1は、感光体の電極としての役目と同時に他の各層の支持体ともなっており、円筒状や板状、フィルム状のいずれでもよいが、一般に円筒状とされる。材質的には、JIS3003系、JIS5000系、JIS6000系などの公知のアルミニウム合金、ステンレス鋼、ニッケルなどの金属、あるいはガラス、樹脂などの上に導電処理を施したものが用いられる。
上述のようにして清浄化した導電性基体の表面には、必要に応じて、中間層2を設けることができる。
中間層は、樹脂を主成分とする層やアルマイト等の酸化皮膜等からなり、導電性基体から電荷発生層への不要な電荷の注入防止、基体表面の欠陥被覆、電荷発生層の接着性向上等の目的で必要に応じて設けられる。
上記中間層2の上に、電荷発生層3が設けられる。電荷発生層3は、通常、電荷発生材料およびバインダー樹脂を含有する。
このうち電荷発生材料としては、露光光源の波長に光感度を有する材料であれば特に制限を受けるものではなく、例えば、フタロシアニン顔料、アゾ顔料、キナクリドン顔料、インジゴ顔料、ペリレン顔料、多環キノン顔料、アントアントロン顔料、ベンゾイミダソール顔料などの有機顔料導電材が使用できる。これらの電荷発生材料を、例えば、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリビニルアセテート樹脂、ポリメタクリル酸エステル樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂などのバインダー樹脂に分散あるいは溶解させて調製した塗布液を、中間層2上に塗布することにより、電荷発生層3を形成することができる。
上記電荷発生層3上に、電荷輸送層4を設けることにより、感光体が得られる。
前述したように、本発明に係る電荷輸送層4は、主として正孔輸送物質、電子輸送物質およびバインダー樹脂によって構成され、下記式(1)で示される正孔輸送物質の質量(P)と電子輸送物質の質量(N)との質量比(RPN)[質量%]が、下記式(2)を満足することが必要である。電荷輸送層4における正孔輸送物質と電子輸送物質との比率を下記範囲とすることで、適切な感度を維持しつつ、効果的に帯電メモリーを防止することができる。
RPN=(N/(P+N))×100 (1)
1≦RPN≦40 (2)
2≦RPN≦30 (3)
5≦RPN≦20 (4)
保護層5は、耐刷性を向上させること等を目的として、必要に応じ設けることができ、バインダー樹脂を主成分とする層や、アモルファスカーボン等の無機薄膜からなる。また、バインダー樹脂中には、導電性の向上や、摩擦係数の低減、潤滑性の付与等を目的として、酸化ケイ素、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ジルコニウム等の金属酸化物、硫酸バリウム、硫酸カルシウム等の金属硫化物、窒化ケイ素、窒化アルミニウム等の金属窒化物などの微粒子、または、4フッ化エチレン樹脂等のフッ素系樹脂粒子、フッ素系クシ型グラフト重合樹脂の粒子等を含有してもよい。
図2に、本発明の電子写真装置の一例の概略構成図を示す。図示する本発明の電子写真装置は、本発明の感光体11と、感光体11を帯電させる帯電手段12と、帯電された感光体を露光して静電潜像を形成する露光手段13と、感光体に形成された静電潜像をトナーで現像してトナー像を形成する現像手段14と、感光体に形成されたトナー像を用紙等の記録媒体18に転写する転写手段15と、記録媒体18に転写されたトナー像を定着させる定着手段19と、を備えている。
本発明の梱包体は、上記本発明の感光体が黒色シート体に被覆されてなるものであって、黒色シート体の、厚みが30〜80μm、表面抵抗率が102〜1011Ω/mm2である点に特徴がある。上記感光体を、特定の厚みおよび表面抵抗率を有するシート体により被覆した梱包体とすることで、安価に感光体を保護しつつ、感光体における帯電メモリーの発生も抑制することが可能となった。
P−ビニルフェノール樹脂(商品名マルカリンカーMH−2:丸善石油化学(株)製)15質量部と、N−ブチル化メラミン樹脂(商品名ユーバン2021:三井化学(株)製)10質量部と、アミノシラン処理を施した酸化チタン微粒子75質量部とを、それぞれメタノールとブタノールとの750/150質量部の混合溶媒に溶解または分散させて調製した中間層形成用塗布液に、外径30mm、長さ255mmのアルミニウム合金基体を浸漬し、その後引き上げて、基体の外周に塗膜を形成した。この基体を温度130℃で30分間乾燥して、膜厚3μmの中間層を形成した。
なお、このときの正孔輸送物質と電子輸送物質との質量比(RPN)は、10質量%であった。
また、保護部材剥離後の印字評価において、厚み50μm、表面抵抗率2×107Ω/cm2の黒色シート体を使用した。
実施例1において、電荷輸送層の正孔輸送物資および電子輸送物質の化合物ならびに配合量を表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で電子写真感光体の作製を行った。また、保護部材剥離後の印字評価における黒色シート体の表面抵抗率を表1に示すように変更した。
まず、感光体電気特性試験装置シンシア93FE(ジェンテック社製)を用い、温度23℃、相対湿度50%の環境下で、スコロトロン帯電方式により印加電圧を調整して感光体表面電位Voを−600Vに帯電させた。その後、ハロゲンランプを光源としバンドパスフィルターを用いて780nmに分光した単色光を用いて、露光量を可変しながら順次露光してその時々の表面電位を測定し、得られた光減衰曲線からハーフトーン電位Vhが−300Vになるのに要する露光量を感度E1/2(μJ/cm2)として求めた。
次に、厚み50μm、長さ60mm、幅10mmの短冊状にした導電性黒色ポリエチレンシート(表面抵抗率:2×107Ω/cm2)を、一方の端部より50mmの部分が感光体表面に密着するように、押し付けて固定した。続いて、導電性黒色ポリエチレンシートのもう一方の端部に高圧電源MODEL610C(TREK社製)の出力を接続し、感光体基体にアース線を接続して、暗所にて+6kVの電圧を5秒間印加した。
以上の結果を元に、下記式(a)、(b)から、印加前後での表面電位差ΔVoおよびハーフトーン電位差ΔVhをそれぞれ求めた。
表面電位差 ΔVo=|Vo−Vo1| (a)
ハーフトーン電位差 ΔVh=|Vh−Vh1| (b)
感光体電気特性試験装置シンシア93FE(ジェンテック社製)を用い、温度23℃、相対湿度50%の環境下で、スコロトロン帯電方式により印加電圧を調整して感光体表面電位Voを−600Vに帯電させた後、ハロゲンランプを光源としバンドパスフィルターを用いて780nmに分光した単色光を用いて、露光量1μJ/cm2を照射した時の残留電位Vr1を測定した。
上記評価とは別の感光体をそれぞれ用い、感光体に黒色シート体を巻きつけた状態で、温度10℃、相対湿度15%環境下に24時間放置し、その後、この感光体から黒色シート体を剥離した。この感光体をモノクロプリンターDELL5330dN(DELL社製)に搭載して、温度10℃、相対湿度15%環境下で、2by2ハーフトーン画像を出力し、画像ムラの有無を評価した。結果は、画像ムラ無しを○、画像ムラ有りを×とした。
上記評価とは別の感光体をそれぞれ用い、光を照射する部分に開口部を設けた黒紙で感光体を覆い、500lxの照度に調整した白色蛍光灯光を30分間照射し、光照射終了直後にモノクロプリンターDELL5330dN(DELL社製)に搭載して2by2ハーフトーン画像を出力して光照射部と非照射部の印字濃度差を測定し、印字濃度差0.03以下を○、0.04〜0.06を△、0.07以上を×として評価した。
これらの得られた結果を表2に示す。
2 中間層
3 電荷発生層
4 電荷輸送層
5 保護層
11 電子写真感光体
12 帯電手段
13 露光手段
14 現像手段
15 転写手段
16 除電用光源
17 クリーニング手段
18 記録媒体
19 定着手段
Claims (6)
- 導電性基体上に、直接または中間層を介して、電荷発生層および電荷輸送層をこの順に設けた負帯電積層型電子写真感光体であって、
前記電荷輸送層が少なくとも正孔輸送物質、下記構造式(ET1−4)、
で示される構造を有する電子輸送物質およびバインダー樹脂を含有するとともに、下記式(1)で示される正孔輸送物質の質量(P)と電子輸送物質の質量(N)との質量比(RPN)[質量%]が、10≦R PN ≦30を満足し、かつ、
RPN=(N/(P+N))×100 (1)
厚みが50μmで表面抵抗率が2×107Ω/cm2の樹脂シートを介して+6kVの電圧を5秒間印加したときの、印加前後での表面電位差ΔVoおよびハーフトーン電位差ΔVhがともに15V以内であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。 - 前記質量比(R PN )[質量%]が、10≦R PN ≦20を満足する請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。
- 導電性基体上に、直接または中間層を介して、電荷発生層および電荷輸送層をこの順に設けた負帯電積層型電子写真感光体であって、
前記電荷輸送層が少なくとも正孔輸送物質、下記構造式(ET2−3)、
で示される構造を有する電子輸送物質およびバインダー樹脂を含有するとともに、下記式(1)で示される正孔輸送物質の質量(P)と電子輸送物質の質量(N)との質量比(R PN )[質量%]が、1≦R PN ≦20を満足し、かつ、
R PN =(N/(P+N))×100 (1)
厚みが50μmで表面抵抗率が2×10 7 Ω/cm 2 の樹脂シートを介して+6kVの電圧を5秒間印加したときの、印加前後での表面電位差ΔVoおよびハーフトーン電位差ΔVhがともに15V以内であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。 - 前記質量比(R PN )[質量%]が、1≦R PN ≦10を満足する請求項3記載の電子写真感光体。
- 請求項1〜4のうちいずれか一項記載の電子写真感光体と、該電子写真感光体を帯電させる帯電手段と、帯電された該電子写真感光体を露光して静電潜像を形成する露光手段と、該電子写真感光体に形成された静電潜像をトナーで現像してトナー像を形成する現像手段と、該電子写真感光体に形成されたトナー像を記録媒体に転写する転写手段と、該記録媒体に転写されたトナー像を定着させる定着手段と、を備えることを特徴とする電子写真装置。
- 請求項1〜4のうちいずれか一項記載の電子写真感光体が、黒色シート体に被覆されてなる電子写真感光体の梱包体であって、
前記黒色シート体の、厚みが30〜80μm、表面抵抗率が102〜1011Ω/cm2であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体の梱包体。
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