JP6654282B2 - てんかんの治療におけるカンナビノイドの使用 - Google Patents
てんかんの治療におけるカンナビノイドの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6654282B2 JP6654282B2 JP2016573558A JP2016573558A JP6654282B2 JP 6654282 B2 JP6654282 B2 JP 6654282B2 JP 2016573558 A JP2016573558 A JP 2016573558A JP 2016573558 A JP2016573558 A JP 2016573558A JP 6654282 B2 JP6654282 B2 JP 6654282B2
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Description
本発明を説明するのに使用される用語のいくつかの定義を、以下に詳述する。
以下は、下記の実施例に記載の拡大アクセス試験に使用された、既知で一定の組成を有する高純度(98%w/w超)のカンナビジオール抽出物の作製を記載している。
植物抽出物である中間体を作製するステップの概略を、以下に示す。
1.栽培
2.脱炭酸
3.抽出番号1−液体CO2を使用
4.抽出番号2−エタノールを使用した「脱ろう」
5.濾過
6.蒸発
中間体である植物抽出物から原薬を作製するための製造ステップは、以下のとおりである。
1.直鎖または分枝のC5〜C12アルカンを使用した結晶化
2.濾過
3.直鎖または分枝のC5〜C12アルカンからの任意選択の再結晶化
4.真空乾燥
材料および方法
小児期発現の重篤な治療抵抗性てんかん(TRE)に罹患した27人の子供および若年成人を、カンナビス植物から得たカンナビジオール(CBD)の高純度抽出物を用いて治療した。この研究の参加者は、CBDの拡大アクセスコンパッショネート使用プログラムの一部であった。
27人の子供および若年成人の患者が、少なくとも3カ月の治療を受け、そのすべてが治療抵抗性てんかんを患っていた。
これらの暫定的結果は、CBDが、既存のAEDに対する反応が良好でない患者に対して高い割合で、発作の回数を有意に低減させることを示している。カンナビジオールは、一般的に、最大用量25mg/kg/日で、耐性も良好であった。
材料および方法
治療抵抗性ドラベ症候群に罹患した9人の子供および若年成人は、実施例1に記載したとおりの高純度CBD抽出物に対する拡大アクセスコンパッショネート使用プログラムの一部であった。
ドラベ症候群に罹患した9人の患者のすべては、少なくとも2種の併用抗てんかん薬を摂取していた。これらは、主に、GABAによって作用するAEDであり、これらとして、クロバザム;レベチラセタム;トピラマート;スチリペントール;フェノバルビタール;ラコサミド;バルプロ酸;およびゾニサミドが挙げられた。摂取されていた併用抗てんかん薬の平均数は、2.7個であった。
これらのデータは、治療抵抗性ドラベ症候群に罹患した患者のサブグループにおいて、驚くほど多くが、発作の回数の劇的な低下を得ることができたことを実証している。
材料および方法
治療抵抗性ミオクロニー欠神発作に罹患した4人の子供および若年成人は、実施例1に記載したとおりの高純度CBD抽出物に対する拡大アクセスコンパッショネート使用プログラムの一部であった。
ミオクロニー欠神発作に罹患した4人の患者のすべては、少なくとも2種の併用抗てんかん薬を摂取していた。これらは、主に、GABAによって作用するAEDであり、これらとしてクロバザム;レベチラセタム;トピラマート;スチリペントール;フェノバルビタール;ラコサミド;バルプロ酸;およびゾニサミドが挙げられた。摂取されていた併用抗てんかん薬の平均数は、2.7個であった。
これらのデータは、治療抵抗性MASに罹患した患者のこのサブグループにおいて、驚くほど多くが、発作の回数の劇的な低下を得ることができたことを実証している。
熱性感染症関連てんかん症候群(FIRES)は、難治性てんかん重積状態に罹患したすべての患者のごく一部を含む、原因が特定できない破滅型てんかん性脳症である。
FIRESに罹患した3人の患者は、4〜15歳の年齢範囲であり、実施例1に前述したとおり、拡大アクセスプログラム下でCBDを用いた治療を受けていた。
高純度CBDを用いた治療を始める前、すべての患者が、難治性発作またはてんかん重積状態を患っていた。これらの患者は、ミダゾラム点滴、ペントバルビタール点滴、プロポフォール点滴、およびイソフルラン点滴を含めた麻酔を使用した治療を受けていたことがあり、追加的に、患者は、リドカイン点滴、およびメチルプレドニゾロンを含めたステロイド、ならびにケタミン、ホスフェニトイン、チアミン、リツキシマブ、シクロホスファミド、静注用免疫グロブリン、および低体温プロトコルを含めたその他の治療も受けていた。
CBD治療は、耐性が非常に良好であり、この治療によってFIRESによる難治性発作またはてんかん重積状態に罹患した3人の子供のうち2人に、臨床的発作および電子写真発作において90%を超える劇的でほぼ即座な改善をもたらした。
表6は、上記の実施例2〜4に記載した治療の12週間後の、3つのサブセットであるドラベ症候群;ミオクロニー欠神発作(MAS)および熱性感染症関連てんかん症候群(FIRES)で得られたデータをまとめている。加えて、その他のてんかん症候群に罹患した残りの患者のためのデータを、詳述している。ドラベ、MASおよびFIRESに罹患した患者を除いたこれらのデータは、てんかんの上記の特定のサブセットの特定のサブセットよりはるかに低いレスポンダーレートを示す。
[請求項1]
熱性感染症関連てんかん症候群(FIRES)である治療抵抗性てんかんの治療で使用するためのカンナビジオール(CBD)。
[請求項2]
治療抵抗性てんかん(TRE)であるてんかんの治療で使用するためのカンナビジオール(CBD)であって、併用抗てんかん薬(AED)によって達成される発作の頻度に対して、総痙攣発作頻度を50%超低減させる量で存在する、カンナビジオール(CBD)。
[請求項3]
2種またはそれ以上の併用抗てんかん薬(AED)と組み合わせて使用される、請求項1または請求項2に記載の使用のためのCBD。
[請求項4]
治療されるべき発作型が、複雑部分発作(機能障害を伴う焦点発作)である、請求項3に記載の使用のためのCBD。
[請求項5]
併用抗てんかん薬(AED)によって達成される発作の頻度に対して、総痙攣発作頻度を70%超低減させる量で存在する、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の使用のためのCBD。
[請求項6]
併用抗てんかん薬(AED)によって達成される発作の頻度に対して、総痙攣発作頻度を90%超低減させる量で存在する、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の使用のためのCBD。
[請求項7]
併用抗てんかん薬(AED)によって達成される発作の頻度に対して、総痙攣発作頻度を100%低減させる量で存在する、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の使用のためのCBD。
[請求項8]
少なくとも98%(w/w)のCBDを含むカンナビスの高純度抽出物として存在する、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の使用のためのCBD。
[請求項9]
前記1種または複数のAEDが、クロバザム、レベチラセタム、トピラマート、スチリペントール、フェノバルビタール、ラコサミド、バルプロ酸、ゾニサミド、ペランパネル、およびホスフェニトインからなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の使用のためのCBD。
[請求項10]
前記AEDの1つがクロバザムである、請求項9に記載の使用のためのCBD。
[請求項11]
CBDと組み合わせて使用される異なる抗てんかん薬の数が低減される、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の使用のためのCBD。
[請求項12]
CBDと組み合わせて使用される抗てんかん薬の用量が低減される、請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の使用のためのCBD。
[請求項13]
低減されるAEDの用量がクロバザムの用量である、請求項12に記載の使用のためのCBD。
[請求項14]
用量が5mg/kg/日〜25mg/kg/日である、請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の使用のためのCBD。
[請求項15]
カンナビジオール(CBD)を対象に投与することを含む、治療抵抗性てんかんを治療する方法であって、前記てんかんが熱性感染症関連てんかん症候群(FIRES)である、方法。
[請求項16]
1種または複数の併用抗てんかん薬(AED)によって達成される発作の頻度に対して、総痙攣発作頻度を50%超低減させるのに十分な量でカンナビジオール(CBD)を対象に投与することを含む、治療抵抗性てんかんを治療する方法。
Claims (10)
- 2種またはそれ以上の併用抗てんかん薬(AED)と組み合わせて使用するための、熱性感染症関連てんかん症候群(FIRES)である治療抵抗性てんかんの治療で使用するためのカンナビジオール(CBD)を含む医薬組成物。
- 治療されるべき発作型が、複雑部分発作(機能障害を伴う焦点発作)である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- CBDが、併用抗てんかん薬(AED)によって達成される発作の頻度に対して、総痙攣発作頻度を70%超低減させる量で存在する、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- CBDが、併用抗てんかん薬(AED)によって達成される発作の頻度に対して、総痙攣発作頻度を90%超低減させる量で存在する、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- CBDが、併用抗てんかん薬(AED)によって達成される発作の頻度に対して、総痙攣発作頻度を100%低減させる量で存在する、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- CBDが少なくとも98%(w/w)のCBDを含むカンナビスの高純度抽出物として存在する、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- CBDと組み合わせて使用される異なる抗てんかん薬の数が低減される、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- CBDと組み合わせて使用される抗てんかん薬の用量が低減される、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 低減されるAEDの用量がクロバザムの用量である、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- CBDの用量が5mg/kg/日〜25mg/kg/日である、請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
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