JP6621442B2 - 金属イオンバッテリー - Google Patents
金属イオンバッテリー Download PDFInfo
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- JP6621442B2 JP6621442B2 JP2017097886A JP2017097886A JP6621442B2 JP 6621442 B2 JP6621442 B2 JP 6621442B2 JP 2017097886 A JP2017097886 A JP 2017097886A JP 2017097886 A JP2017097886 A JP 2017097886A JP 6621442 B2 JP6621442 B2 JP 6621442B2
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- Prior art keywords
- ion battery
- metal
- metal ion
- aluminum
- graphite
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 64
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- -1 aluminum halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001509 metal bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940016409 methylsulfonylmethane Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(2-chloroacetyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCN(C(=O)CCl)CC1 PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl urea Chemical compound CNC(N)=O XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IQMOJMVNWCBXPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [H]C([H])C([H])([H])[Cl]Cl Chemical compound [H]C([H])C([H])([H])[Cl]Cl IQMOJMVNWCBXPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Chemical group O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical group Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0563—Liquid materials, e.g. for Li-SOCl2 cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/002—Inorganic electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0045—Room temperature molten salts comprising at least one organic ion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
厚さが0.025mmの銅箔(Alfa Aesar社製造)を用意し、裁断して銅電極を得た。次に、絶縁膜(ガラスフィルター(2層)、商品番号 ワットマン(Whatman)GFA)と、グラファイト電極(集電基板上に配置された活性材質を有し、集電基板はカーボンファイバー紙であって、活性材質は膨脹グラファイト(60.5mg)である)を用意した。次に、銅電極(負極)、絶縁膜、グラファイト電極(正極)の順序で配列するとともに、アルミニウムプラスチックパウチ内に密封する。そして、電解質(塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3)/1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムクロリド(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride:[EMIm]Cl)、AlCl3と[EMIm]Clとの比は約1.4:1である)を注入して、金属イオンバッテリー(1)を得た。
厚さが0.03mmのニッケル箔(偉斯社販売)を用意し、裁断してニッケル電極を得た。次に、絶縁膜(ガラスフィルター(2層)、商品番号 ワットマン(Whatman)GFA)と、グラファイト電極(集電基板上に配置された活性材質を有し、集電基板はカーボンファイバー紙であって、活性材質は膨脹グラファイト(72mg)である)を用意した。次に、ニッケル電極(負極)、絶縁膜、グラファイト電極(正極)の順序で配列するとともに、アルミニウムプラスチックパウチ内に密封する。そして、電解質(塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3)/1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムクロリド(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride:[EMIm]Cl)、AlCl3と[EMIm]Clとの比は約1.4:1である)を注入して、金属イオンバッテリー(2)を得た。
厚度が0.1mmのステンレス箔(新日鉄により製造販売、番号 YUS190、成分は鉄とクロムを含む)を用意し、裁断してステンレス電極を得た。次に、絶縁膜(ガラスフィルター(2層)、商品番号 ワットマン(Whatman)GFA)と、グラファイト電極(集電基板上に配置された活性材質を有し、集電基板はカーボンファイバー紙であって、活性材質は膨脹グラファイト(45mg)である)を用意した。次に、ステンレス電極(負極)、絶縁膜、グラファイト電極(正極)の順序で配列するとともに、アルミニウムプラスチックパウチ内に密封する。そして、電解質(塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3)/1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムクロリド(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride:[EMIm]Cl)、AlCl3と[EMIm]Clとの比は約1.4:1である)を注入して、金属イオンバッテリー(3)を得た。
厚さが0.025mmのアルミニウム箔を用意し、裁断してアルミニウム電極を得た。次に、絶縁膜(ガラスフィルター(2層)、商品番号 ワットマン(Whatman)GFA)と、グラファイト電極(集電基板上に配置された活性材質を有し、集電基板はカーボンファイバー紙であって、活性材質は膨脹グラファイト(57mg)である)を用意した。次に、アルミニウム電極(負極)、絶縁膜、グラファイト電極(正極)の順序で配列するとともに、アルミニウムプラスチックパウチ内に密封する。そして、電解質(塩化アルミニウム(AlCl3)/1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムクロリド(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride:[EMIm]Cl)、AlCl3と[EMIm]Clとの比は約1.4:1である)を注入して、金属イオンバッテリー(4)を得た。
11…集電層
12…負極
13…活性材料
14…絶縁膜
20…電解質
100…金属イオンバッテリー
Claims (14)
- 正極と、
絶縁層と、
前記絶縁層によって正極と隔てられた負極であって、銅、鉄、亜鉛、コバルト、インジウム、ニッケル、錫、クロム、ランタン、イットリウム、チタン、マンガン若しくはモリブデンである金属又はその合金で構成された負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に設けられた電解質であって、ハロゲン化アルミニウムと、イオン液体とを有する電解質と、を備え、
前記正極は、集電層と、活性材料とから構成されており、
前記活性材料は、グラファイト、グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ、又は、これらの組み合わせである、ことを特徴とする金属イオンバッテリー。 - 前記集電層は、導電性カーボン基材であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
- 前記導電性カーボン基材は、炭素布、炭素フェルト又はカーボン紙であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
- 前記活性材料は、層状活性材料、又は、層状活性材料の凝集体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
- 前記グラファイトは、天然グラファイト、人工グラファイト、メソフェーズ、カーボンマイクロビーズ、熱分解グラファイト、発泡グラファイト、片状グラファイト、膨張グラファイト、又は、これらの組み合わせであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
- 前記電解質は、第2のハロゲン化金属を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜5の何れかに記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
- 前記ハロゲン化金属は、金属フッ化物、金属塩化物、金属臭化物、又は、これらの組み合わせを含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
- 前記第2のハロゲン化金属は、ルイス酸であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
- 前記ハロゲン化アルミニウムは、フッ化アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム、臭化アルミニウム、又は、これらの材料の組み合わせを有することを特徴とする請求項1〜8の何れかに記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
- 前記イオン液体は、メチルスルホニルメタン(methylsulfonylmethane)、アルキルイミダゾリウム塩(alkylimidazolium salt)、アルキルピリジニウム塩(alkylpyridinium salt)、アルキルフルオロピラゾリウム塩(alkylfluoropyrazolium salt)、アルキルトリアゾリウム塩(alkyltriazolium salt)、アラルキルアンモニウムアルミネート(aralkylammonium aluminates)、アルキルアルコキシアンモニウムアルミネート(alkylalkoxyammonium aluminates)、アラルキルホスホニウム塩(aralkylphosphonium salt)、アラルキルスルホニウム塩(aralkylsulfonium salt)、又は、これらの組み合わせを含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜9の何れかに記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
- 前記イオン液体は、1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムクロリドを有することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
- 前記金属イオンバッテリーが充放電を実行すると、前記ハロゲン化アルミニウムと前記イオン液体とが反応してハロゲン化アルミニウム酸基を形成することを特徴とする請求項1〜11の何れかに記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
- 前記金属イオンバッテリーが充放電を実行すると、前記負極の前記金属と前記電解質とが反応してハロゲン化金属酸基を形成することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
- 前記ハロゲン化金属酸基のイオンサイズは、前記ハロゲン化アルミニウム酸基のイオンサイズより小さいことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の金属イオンバッテリー。
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