JP6601578B2 - ペプチド - Google Patents
ペプチド Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6601578B2 JP6601578B2 JP2018567967A JP2018567967A JP6601578B2 JP 6601578 B2 JP6601578 B2 JP 6601578B2 JP 2018567967 A JP2018567967 A JP 2018567967A JP 2018567967 A JP2018567967 A JP 2018567967A JP 6601578 B2 JP6601578 B2 JP 6601578B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- glu
- food
- peptide
- glutamyl
- tyr
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
この出願は、平成29年7月13日に日本国特許庁に出願された出願番号2017−137172号の優先権の利益を主張する。優先権基礎出願はその全体について、出典明示により本明細書の一部とする。
(1)γ−グルタミル結合数が2〜4、ペプチド鎖長がγ−グルタミル結合数+1〜+2であることを特徴とするペプチドまたはその塩を有効成分とすることを特徴とする、食品のボディー感付与剤、
(2)全てのγ−グルタミル結合が、ペプチドのN末端側から連続している、(1)のボディー感付与剤、
(3)ペプチドのC末端が、グルタミン酸とγ−グルタミル結合したアミノ酸またはアミノ酸誘導体である、(2)のボディー感付与剤、
(4)γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X(Xはアミノ酸またはアミノ酸誘導体である、以下同じ)の配列からなるペプチド、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xの配列からなるペプチド、およびγ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xの配列からなるペプチド、からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上のペプチドまたはその塩を有効成分とすることを特徴とする、食品のボディー感付与剤、
(5)Xが、Tyr、Ala、Glu、Gln、Asp、Asn、Arg、His、Ile、Leu、Phe、SerおよびValからなる群から選択される、(4)に記載のボディー感付与剤、
(6)γ−グルタミル結合数が2〜4、ペプチド鎖長がγ−グルタミル結合数+1〜+2であることを特徴とするペプチドまたはその塩を食品または食品の原料に含有させることを特徴とする、ボディー感が付与された食品の製造法、
(7)γ−グルタミル結合数が2〜4、ペプチド鎖長がγ−グルタミル結合数+1〜+2であることを特徴とするペプチドまたはその塩を食品または食品の原料に含有させることを特徴とする、食品にボディー感を付与する方法、
に関する。
Gly :グリシン
Ala :アラニン
Val :バリン
Leu :ロイシン
Ile :イソロイシン
Ser :セリン
Thr :スレオニン
Cys :システイン
Met :メチオニン
Glu :グルタミン酸
Asp :アスパラギン酸
Lys :リジン
Arg :アルギニン
His :ヒスチジン
Phe :フェニルアラニン
Tyr :チロシン
Trp :トリプトファン
Pro :プロリン
Asn :アスパラギン
Gln :グルタミン
Orn :オルニチン
Sar :サルコシン
Cit :シトルリン
Nva :ノルバリン
Nle :ノルロイシン
Abu :α−アミノ酪酸
Hyp :ヒドロキシプロリン
Hse :ホモセリン
ある態様において、本発明はγ−グルタミル結合を2〜4つ有し、ペプチド鎖長がγ−グルタミル結合数の+1または+2であるγ−グルタミルペプチド(以下、本態様のγ−グルタミルペプチドなどと称する)またはその塩を含む、食品のボディー感付与剤を提供する。
Z-(γ-Glu)n-Y-(γ-Glu)m-X-W・・・(1)
で示されるペプチドである。ここで、Xは任意のアミノ酸またはアミノ酸誘導体を示す。W、Y、Zはそれぞれ独立して不存在または任意のアミノ酸もしくはアミノ酸誘導体を示す。W、X、Y、Zの合計数(o)は1または2である。n、mはそれぞれ独立して1〜3の整数であり、n+mがγ−グルタミル結合数を示し2〜4である。n+m+oがペプチド鎖長を示しn+m+1またはn+m+2である。
Z-(γ-Glu)n-X-Y・・・(2)
で示されるペプチドである。ここで、Xは任意のアミノ酸またはアミノ酸誘導体を示す。Y、Zはそれぞれ独立して不存在または任意のアミノ酸もしくはアミノ酸誘導体を示す。X、Y、Zの合計数(p)は1または2である。nは2〜4の整数でありγ−グルタミル結合数を示す。n+pがペプチド鎖長を示しn+1またはn+2である。
他の実施形態において、本発明におけるγ−グルタミルペプチドは、全てのγ−グルタミル結合が、ペプチドのN末端側から連続している。より具体的には、該ペプチドは、
(γ-Glu)n-X-Y・・・(3)
で示されるペプチドである。ここで、Xは任意のアミノ酸またはアミノ酸誘導体を示す。Yは不存在または任意のアミノ酸もしくはアミノ酸誘導体を示す。nは2〜4の整数でありγ−グルタミル結合数を示す。ペプチド鎖長はn+1またはn+2である。
さらに他の実施形態において、本態様のγ−グルタミルペプチドは、ペプチドのC末端は、グルタミン酸とγ−グルタミル結合したアミノ酸またはアミノ酸誘導体である。具体的には、上記化学式(1)の実施形態のW、化学式(2)の実施形態のY、または化学式(3)の実施形態のYが不存在の実施形態であり、
Z-(γ-Glu)n-Y-(γ-Glu)m-X・・・(4)
Z-(γ-Glu)n-X・・・(5)
(γ-Glu)n-X・・・(6)
で示されるペプチドであり、好ましくは上記化学式(6)の実施形態である。
本態様の、特に化学式(6)のγ−グルタミルペプチドのより具体的な例としては、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X、またはγ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xが挙げられ、より好ましい例は、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xである。また、これらのγ−グルタミルペプチドは、単独でも、2つ以上を有効成分として用いてもよい。
上記化学式(6)に包含される例として、(γ-Glu)2〜4-Tyrなどが挙げられる(実施形態例6)。
上記化学式(5)に包含される例として、実施形態例6の化合物が挙げられ、他にGly-(γ-Glu)2〜4-Tyrなどが挙げられる(実施形態例5)。
上記化学式(4)に包含される例として、実施形態例5の化合物が挙げられ、他にγ-Glu-Gly-(γ-Glu)1〜3-Tyr、(γ-Glu)2-Gly-(γ-Glu)1〜2-Tyr、(γ-Glu)3-Gly-γ-Glu-Tyrなどが挙げられる(実施形態例4)。
また、上記化学式(3)に包含される例としては、実施形態例6の化合物が挙げられ、他に(γ-Glu)2〜4-Gly-Tyrなどが挙げられる(実施形態例3)。
上記化学式(2)に包含される例として、実施形態例3、5の化合物が挙げられる(実施形態例2)。
上記化学式(1)に包含される例として、実施形態例2、4の化合物が挙げられる(実施形態例1)。
以上に例示した化合物中、アミノ酸として例示したGlyやTyrは任意の他のアミノ酸またはアミノ酸誘導体に容易に置換できる。
本発明はまた、他の態様において、新規なγ−グルタミルペプチドを提供する。より具体的には、本態様はγ−グルタミルトリペプチド、γ−グルタミルテトラペプチドまたはγ−グルタミルペンタペプチドを提供する。より具体的な例として、新規なγ−グルタミルトリペプチドは、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X(ここで、Xは任意のアミノ酸またはアミノ酸誘導体を示す)、新規なγ−グルタミルテトラペプチドは、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X(ここで、Xは任意のアミノ酸またはアミノ酸誘導体を示す)、新規なγ−グルタミルペンタペプチドは、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X(ここで、Xは任意のアミノ酸またはアミノ酸誘導体を示す)で表される。Xで示される任意のアミノ酸またはアミノ酸誘導体は特に限定されず、食品に利用できるあらゆるアミノ酸またはアミノ酸誘導体を含む。また、該アミノ酸およびアミノ酸誘導体は、D体、L体、それらの混合物のいずれをもとり得るが、通常はL体である。アミノ酸の具体例として、Gly、Ala、Val、Leu、Ile、Ser、Thr、Cys、Met、Asn、Gln、Pro等の中性アミノ酸、Asp、Glu等の酸性アミノ酸、Lys、Arg、His等の塩基性アミノ酸、Phe、Tyr、Trp等の芳香族アミノ酸、Orn、Sar、Cit、Nva、Nle、Abu、Hyp、Hse、tert-Leu等が挙げられる。また、アミノ酸誘導体の具体例として、N−γ−ニトロアルギニン、S−アリルシステイン、S−メチルシステイン、タウリン、シクロロイシン、2−メチルアラニン、ペニシラミン等が挙げられる。ある実施形態において、XはTyr、Ala、Gly、Glu、Gln、Asp、Asn、Arg、His、Ile、Leu、Lys、Phe、Pro、Trp、Ser、Val、Orn、Cit、Nva、Nle、Abu、HypおよびHseからなる群から選択される。他の実施形態において、XはTyr、Ala、Glu、Gln、Asp、Asn、Arg、His、Ile、Leu、Phe、Ser、Val、Orn、Cit、Nva、Nle、Abu、HypおよびHseからなる群から選択される。さらに他の実施形態において、Xは、Tyr、Ala、Glu、Asp、Arg、His、Ile、Phe、Ser、またはVal、Orn、Cit、Nva、Nle、Abu、Hyp、およびHseからなる群から選択される。さらに好ましいアミノ酸の例として、Tyr、Ala、Glu、Asp、Arg、His、Ile、Phe、Ser、またはVal、より好ましくはTyr、Glu、Arg、またはHis、さらにより好ましくはTyrまたはArgが挙げられる。一つの好ましいアミノ酸の例として、Tyrが挙げられる。
本発明はまた、他の態様において、γ−グルタミル結合を2〜4つ有し、ペプチド長がγ−グルタミル結合数の+1または+2であるγ−グルタミルペプチド(以下、本態様のγ−グルタミルペプチドとも称する)またはその塩を食品または食品の原料に含有させることを特徴とする、ボディー感が付与された食品の製造法を提供する。
本発明はまた、他の態様において、γ−グルタミル結合を2〜4つ有し、ペプチド長がγ−グルタミル結合数の+1または+2であるγ−グルタミルペプチド(以下、本態様のγ−グルタミルペプチドとも称する)またはその塩を食品または食品の原料に含有させることを特徴とする、食品にボディー感を付与するための方法を提供する。
ペプチド試料として、γ-Glu-Tyr(Bachem社)、γ-Glu-Val-Gly(和光純薬工業株式会社)、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Tyr(委託合成品)、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Val(委託合成品)、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Glu-Tyr(委託合成品)、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Tyr(委託合成品)、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Tyr(委託合成品)、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X(Xとして、Ala、Gly、Glu、Gln、Cys、Asp、Asn、Arg、His、Ile、Leu、Lys、Met、Phe、Pro、Trp、Ser、Thr、またはVal、委託合成品)を用いた。
0.7%MSG−0.4%NaClうま味溶液、および6%スクロース甘味溶液をコントロール(3点)とし、コントロールに各γ−グルタミルペプチドを250ppm添加したものを試料とした。比較対照として、特許文献1および特許文献6に開示されるγ-Glu-Val-Glyを用いた。パネラーには不二製油グループ本社株式会社内のトレーニングされたパネラー7名を採用し、先味〜中味のボディー感、中味〜後味の厚み、持続性について、下記の5段階で評価させ、平均点を算出した結果を表1に示した。
5点:コントロールより非常に強く感じる
4点:コントロールより強く感じる
3点:コントロールと同程度に感じる
2点:コントロールより少し弱く感じる
1点:コントロールより非常に弱く感じる
6%スクロース甘味溶液をコントロール(3点)とし、コントロールに各γ−グルタミルトリペプチドを100ppm添加したものを試料とした。比較対照として、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Valおよびγ-Glu-γ-Glu-α-Glu-Tyrを用いた。パネラーには不二製油グループ本社株式会社内のトレーニングされたパネラー8名を採用し、先味〜中味のボディー感について、下記の5段階で評価させ、平均点を算出した結果を図3、表2に示した。
5点:コントロールより非常に強く感じる
4点:コントロールより強く感じる
3点:コントロールと同程度に感じる
2点:コントロールより弱く感じる
1点:コントロールより非常に弱く感じる
(ボディー感付与剤の調製)
ボディー感付与剤として、γ-Glu-Tyr(Bachem社品):33%(w/w)、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Tyr(委託合成品):43%(w/w)、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Tyr(委託合成品):17%(w/w)、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Tyr(委託合成品):7%(w/w)の混合物を作成した。このボディー感付与剤を下表に示す各種食品に250ppm添加した。不二製油グループ本社株式会社内のトレーニングされたパネラー6名を採用し、無添加品と比較してボディー感について4段階(0〜3点、3点:無添加品より非常に強く感じる、2点:無添加品より強く感じる、1点:無添加品と同程度、0点:無添加品より弱く感じる)で評価させた。評点の平均点を算出し、平均点が2点以上3点以下を「○」、1点以上2点未満を「△」、0点以上1点未満を「×」とした。結果を下表に示す。
Claims (9)
- γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X(XはTyr、Ala、Asp、Asn、Arg、His、Ile、Leu、PheおよびSerからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸である、以下同じ)の配列からなるペプチド、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xの配列からなるペプチド、およびγ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xの配列からなるペプチド、からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上のペプチドまたはその塩を有効成分とすることを特徴とする、食品のボディー感付与剤。
- γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X(XはTyr、Ala、Glu、Gln、Asp、Asn、Arg、His、Ile、Leu、Phe、SerおよびValからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸である、以下同じ)の配列からなるペプチド、およびγ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xの配列からなるペプチド、からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上のペプチドまたはその塩を有効成分とすることを特徴とする、食品のボディー感付与剤。
- XがTyrまたはArgである、請求項1または2に記載の食品のボディー感付与剤。
- γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X(XはTyr、Ala、Asp、Asn、Arg、His、Ile、Leu、PheおよびSerからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸である、以下同じ)の配列からなるペプチド、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xの配列からなるペプチド、およびγ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xの配列からなるペプチド、からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上のペプチドまたはその塩を食品または食品の原料に含有させることを特徴とする、ボディー感が付与された食品の製造法。
- γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X(XはTyr、Ala、Glu、Gln、Asp、Asn、Arg、His、Ile、Leu、Phe、SerおよびValからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸である、以下同じ)の配列からなるペプチド、およびγ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xの配列からなるペプチド、からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上のペプチドまたはその塩を食品または食品の原料に含有させることを特徴とする、ボディー感が付与された食品の製造法。
- XがTyrまたはArgである、請求項4または5に記載のボディー感が付与された食品の製造法。
- γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X(XはTyr、Ala、Asp、Asn、Arg、His、Ile、Leu、PheおよびSerからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸である、以下同じ)の配列からなるペプチド、γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xの配列からなるペプチド、およびγ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xの配列からなるペプチド、からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上のペプチドまたはその塩を食品または食品の原料に含有させることを特徴とする、食品にボディー感を付与する方法。
- γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-X(XはTyr、Ala、Glu、Gln、Asp、Asn、Arg、His、Ile、Leu、Phe、SerおよびValからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸である、以下同じ)の配列からなるペプチド、およびγ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Xの配列からなるペプチド、からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上のペプチドまたはその塩を食品または食品の原料に含有させることを特徴とする、食品にボディー感を付与する方法。
- XがTyrまたはArgである、請求項7または8に記載の食品にボディー感を付与する方法。
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