JP6572675B2 - 排ガス浄化触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6572675B2 JP6572675B2 JP2015161087A JP2015161087A JP6572675B2 JP 6572675 B2 JP6572675 B2 JP 6572675B2 JP 2015161087 A JP2015161087 A JP 2015161087A JP 2015161087 A JP2015161087 A JP 2015161087A JP 6572675 B2 JP6572675 B2 JP 6572675B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 98
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 23
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101000856234 Clostridium acetobutylicum (strain ATCC 824 / DSM 792 / JCM 1419 / LMG 5710 / VKM B-1787) Butyrate-acetoacetate CoA-transferase subunit A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 palladium nitrate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0248—Coatings comprising impregnated particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/038—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form slurries or suspensions, e.g. a washcoat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2825—Ceramics
- F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
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- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Description
上記多孔質基材は、セリア−ジルコニア固溶体からなる助触媒と、アルミナからなる骨材と、無機バインダとを含有し、
上記多孔質基材中の上記助触媒の含有量が該助触媒と上記骨材との合計100質量部に対して50質量部を超え、
上記コート層(4)は、セリア−ジルコニア固溶体からなる助触媒(41)と、アルミナからなる無機バインダを含有し、上記コート層(4)中の上記無機バインダの含有量が上記セリア−ジルコニア固溶体100質量部に対して10質量部以下であり、
上記第2触媒(5)は、上記コート層(4)中の上記助触媒(41)に担持されている、排ガス浄化触媒にある。
排ガス浄化触媒の実施形態について、図1〜図3を参照して説明する。図1及び図2に示すごとく、本実施形態の排ガス浄化触媒1は、ハニカム構造の多孔質基材2と、その表面に形成されたコート層4とを有する。コート層4は、排ガスの流通を可能にするため、多孔質であることが好ましい。多孔質基材2は、例えば円柱状であり、内部に、格子状に設けられた隔壁26と、隔壁26に囲まれて軸方向Xに伸びる多数のセル27とを有する。多孔質基材2の形状は、本実施形態のように円柱状でもよいが、四角柱等の多角柱状であってもよい。また、隔壁26は、多孔質基材2の径方向断面(すなわち、軸方向Xと垂直方向における断面)におけるセル27の形状が本実施形態のように四角形となるように形成することができる。また、隔壁26は、多孔質基材2の径方向断面におけるセル27の形状が三角形、六角形、八角形等の多角形となるように形成されていてもよいし、さらに円形となるように形成されていてもよい。
まず、セリア−ジルコニア固溶体からなる助触媒と、アルミナからなる骨材と、無機バインダ原料とを混合する。無機バインダ原料としては、例えばアルミナゾル、シリカゾル等の各種無機バインダのゾル等を用いることができる。助触媒の配合量は、助触媒と骨材との合計100質量部に対して50質量部を超える量になるように調整する。
本例においては、多孔質基材中の助触媒の含有量が異なる複数の排ガス浄化触媒(実施例品1、実施例品2、比較例品1)、コート層を有していない排ガス浄化触媒(比較例品2)をそれぞれ作製し、排ガス浄化性能及びコート層のはく離率を比較評価する。まず、以下のようにして、実施例品1の排ガス浄化触媒を製造する。
このようにして、セリア−ジルコニア固溶体からなる助触媒と、アルミナからなる骨材と、無機バインダとを含有する多孔質基材2と、この多孔質基材2に担持されたPdからなる第1触媒3と、多孔質基材2の表面に形成されたコート層4と、このコート層4に担持されたRhからなる第2触媒5とを有する排ガス浄化触媒1を得た(図1〜図4参照)。これを実施例品1とする。実施例品1は、多孔質基材中におけるアルミナとセリア−ジルコニア固溶体(「CZ」ともいう)との質量比が30:70(但し、アルミナ:CZ)である。
各実施例品及び比較例品の排ガス浄化触媒をガソリンエンジンの排気管内に設置し、排気管内で、980℃の温度で20時間加熱する耐久試験を実施した。
耐久試験後の各実施例品及び比較例品の排ガス浄化触媒をガソリンエンジンの排気管内に設置した。排ガス浄化触媒の入り口温度を400℃に設定し、排ガス浄化触媒の入り口側におけるNOx濃度C0と、出口側におけるNOx濃度C1とをガス分析装置により測定し、下記の式(1)からNOx浄化率P(%)を算出した。その結果を表1に示す。
P=100×(C0−C1)/C0 ・・・(1)
下記のようにして、耐久試験後のはく離率を測定した。まず、実施例品1、実施例品2、比較例品1について、コート層形成前の多孔質基材の重量W0を測定した。また、コート層形成後の重量W1を測定した。また、上述の耐久試験後の重量W2を測定した。なお、吸着水分の影響を避けるため、重量の測定は80℃に設定された乾燥機で5時間乾燥させた後に行った。そして、下記の式(2)はく離率R(%)を算出した。その結果を表1に示す。なお、比較例品2については、コート層を有しておらず、はく離は起こらないため、本評価の実施を省略した。
R=100×(W1−W2)/(W1−W0) ・・・(2)
2 多孔質基材
3 第1触媒
4 コート層
5 第2触媒
Claims (3)
- ハニカム構造の多孔質基材(2)と、該多孔質基材(2)に担持されたPdからなる第1触媒(3)と、上記多孔質基材(2)の表面に形成されたコート層(4)と、該コート層(4)に担持されたRhからなる第2触媒(5)とを有し、
上記多孔質基材(2)は、セリア−ジルコニア固溶体からなる助触媒(21)と、アルミナからなる骨材(22)と、無機バインダ(23)とを含有し、
上記多孔質基材(2)中の上記助触媒(21)の含有量が該助触媒(21)と上記骨材(22)との合計100質量部に対して50質量部を超え、
上記コート層(4)は、セリア−ジルコニア固溶体からなる助触媒(41)と、アルミナからなる無機バインダを含有し、上記コート層(4)中の上記無機バインダの含有量が上記セリア−ジルコニア固溶体100質量部に対して10質量部以下であり、
上記第2触媒(5)は、上記コート層(4)中の上記助触媒(41)に担持されている、排ガス浄化触媒(1)。 - 上記多孔質基材(2)中の上記助触媒(21)の含有量が該助触媒(21)と上記骨材(22)との合計100質量部に対して70質量部以上である、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化触媒(1)。
- 上記コート層(4)中の上記セリア−ジルコニア固溶体におけるセリアの含有量が30質量%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス浄化触媒(1)。
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