JP6494854B2 - 金属触媒が部分導入された副反応防止膜を有するリチウム−空気電池の正極、これを含むリチウム−空気電池及びこの製造方法 - Google Patents
金属触媒が部分導入された副反応防止膜を有するリチウム−空気電池の正極、これを含むリチウム−空気電池及びこの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6494854B2 JP6494854B2 JP2018500714A JP2018500714A JP6494854B2 JP 6494854 B2 JP6494854 B2 JP 6494854B2 JP 2018500714 A JP2018500714 A JP 2018500714A JP 2018500714 A JP2018500714 A JP 2018500714A JP 6494854 B2 JP6494854 B2 JP 6494854B2
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- lithium
- oxide
- positive electrode
- air battery
- carbon
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Description
(反応式1)
酸化極:Li(s)⇔ Li++ e−
還元極:4Li+O2 → 2Li2O V=2.91 V
2Li+O2 → Li2O2 V = 3.10V
図1は、本発明で示すリチウム−空気電池の概略的な断面図であって、これを参照してより具体的に説明すれば、正極100、負極200、これらの間に介在される分離膜300及び電解液400を含んで構成されたリチウム−空気電池において、上記正極100は多孔性集電体10;多孔性集電体10の一面にコーティングされる炭素系導電材20;上記炭素系導電材20の表面にコーティングされる副反応防止膜30;及び上記副反応防止膜30の表面に金属触媒40が散発的に部分導入される構造を有する。
前述の構成要素を有するリチウム空気電池用正極は、i)多孔性集電体に炭素導電材をコーティングする段階;ii)上記炭素導電材を含むように、その表面に副反応防止膜で伝導性金属酸化物を蒸着する段階;及びiii)上記副反応防止膜に金属触媒を導入させる段階を経て製造することができるし、以下で各段階別に詳しく説明する。
本発明は、図1に図示されたように、正極100;負極200;その間に介在される分離膜300及びこれらに含浸される電解液400を備えるリチウム−空気電池を提供する。本発明の一具現例によるリチウム−空気電池は、前述の実施状態による多孔性コーティング層の少なくとも一面に備えられた分離膜を含むことで、金属空気電池の通常的構成及び成分を有することができる。この時、上記正極100で多孔性集電体10の炭素系導電材20、副反応防止膜30、及び金属触媒40が形成される一面は電解液400に含浸されるように配置することが好ましい。
Step1:多孔性集電体に正極活物質コーティング
炭素系導電材(CNT)0.8gにバインダー(PVDF)がN−メチルピロリドン(N−Methyl−2−pyrrolidone:NMP)溶媒に溶解されたkf1100を1.695g添加し、導電材対バインダーの割合を8:2となるように1次スラリーを製造した。以後、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)をさらに25g添加してコーティングできる2次スラリーを製造した。上記2次スラリーを利用してカーボンペーパー(Carbon paper)の上にブレードコーティングをした。コーティングした後、予め120℃に加熱された真空オーブンで24時間以上乾燥させた。
副反応防止膜として酸化インジウムスズ(ITO、Indium Tin Oxide)層をコーティングするためにスパッタリング工程を利用した。蒸着工程は常温で行われ、アルゴン(Ar)雰囲気下、約10nmの厚さを有するように行った。
酸化ルテニウム触媒を導入するためにルテニウム前駆体溶液を用意した。ビーカーに、塩化ルテニウム(RuCl2)が10mM濃度を有するように蒸溜水に溶解させた前駆体溶液を用意した。また、別のビーカーには同じ量の蒸溜水を容易して60℃に加熱した。
上記Step3で製造された正極を利用して、アルゴン(Ar)雰囲気のグローブボックス(Glove box)からコインセル(Coin cell)の形で組み立てた。ステンレススチール材質の穿孔された下板に正極、分離膜(Glass fiber)、リチウム負極、ガスケット(Gasket)、ステンレススチールコイン、スプリング、上板を順番に乗せ、圧力を加えてコインセルを組み立てた。電解液は、1MのLiTFSIが溶解されたテトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(TEGDME:tetraethylenglycol dimethylether)を使用した。
炭素系導電材だけがコーティングされた正極を利用して上記実施例1と同様の方法(Step2とStep3を除く)でリチウム−空気電池を製造した。
上記実施例1の炭素系導電材に金属触媒である酸化ルテニウムがコーティングされた正極を利用して上記実施例1と同様の方法(Step2を除く)でリチウム−空気電池を製造した。
完成されたコインセルは、1気圧の酸素雰囲気で放電及び充電実験を行った。放電、充電実験は炭素の重さに対して1,000mAh/gの容量を基準とし、0.3C/0.1Cの方/充電速度で行った。炭素系導電材(CNT)の正極と、副反応防止膜及び触媒層を担持した正極を使用したリチウム空気電池の充放電曲線及びサイクル容量の比較は図2及び図3に示した。
20 炭素系導電材
30 副反応防止膜
40 金属触媒
100 正極
200 負極
300 分離膜
400 電解液
Claims (10)
- 多孔性集電体;
前記多孔性集電体の一面にコーティングされる炭素系導電材;
前記炭素系導電材の表面にコーティングされる副反応防止膜;及び
前記副反応防止膜の表面に散発的に部分導入される金属触媒;を含み、
前記副反応防止膜は、伝導性金属酸化物を含み、
前記伝導性金属酸化物は、酸化インジウムスズ、インジウム亜鉛酸化物、アンチモン含有酸化スズ、フッ化酸化スズ、アルミニウム酸化亜鉛、酸化マグネシウムインジウム、ガリウム亜鉛酸化物、インジウムガリウム酸化物、インジウム−ガリウム−亜鉛酸化物、ニオビウム−ストロンチウム−チタン酸化物、酸化カドミウムインジウム、BZO、SZO、酸化インジウム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択された1種を含むことを特徴とするリチウム−空気電池用正極。 - 前記副反応防止膜の厚さは5〜30nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム−空気電池用正極。
- 前記炭素系導電材は、黒鉛系、活性炭系、カーボンブラック系、炭素纎維、炭素ナノ構造体、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択された1種を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム−空気電池用正極。
- 前記金属触媒は、ルテニウム、パラジウム、白金、金、ニッケル、銅、銀、亜鉛、鉛、カドミウム、スズ、チタン、及びこれらの合金、これの酸化物、硫化物またはセレニウム化物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム−空気電池用正極。
- 前記金属触媒は、上記炭素系導電材100重量部に対して10〜50重量部で含まれることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム−空気電池用正極。
- 前記金属触媒の平均粒径は1〜10nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム−空気電池用正極。
- リチウム−空気電池用正極の製造方法において、
i)多孔性集電体に炭素系導電材をコーティングする段階;
ii)前記炭素系導電材の表面に副反応防止膜を蒸着する段階;及び
iii)前記副反応防止膜に金属触媒を導入させる段階;を含み、
前記副反応防止膜は、伝導性金属酸化物を含むことを特徴とするリチウム−空気電池用正極の製造方法。 - 前記ii)段階の蒸着は、スパッタリングまたは熱気相蒸着で行うことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載のリチウム−空気電池用正極の製造方法。
- 前記伝導性金属酸化物は、酸化インジウムスズ、インジウム亜鉛酸化物、アンチモン含有酸化スズ、フッ化酸化スズ、アルミニウム酸化亜鉛、酸化マグネシウムインジウム、ガリウム亜鉛酸化物、インジウムガリウム酸化物、インジウム−ガリウム−亜鉛酸化物、ニオビウム−ストロンチウム−チタン酸化物、酸化カドミウムインジウム、BZO、SZO、酸化インジウム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択された1種を含むことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載のリチウム−空気電池用正極の製造方法。
- リチウム負極;正極;これらの間に介在される分離膜、及び電解質を含むリチウム−空気電池において、
前記正極は、請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム−空気電池用正極であることを特徴とするリチウム−空気電池。
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KR20140039755A (ko) | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-02 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 리튬공기전지 양극용 복합산화물 촉매, 이를 포함한 리튬공기전지용 양극 및 리튬공기전지 |
JP2014075269A (ja) | 2012-10-04 | 2014-04-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 金属空気電池 |
KR101955040B1 (ko) | 2012-10-19 | 2019-03-07 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 리튬 공기 전지용 양극, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 공기 전지 |
KR101622092B1 (ko) | 2013-08-22 | 2016-05-18 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 금속 공기 전지용 양극재 및 이를 포함하는 금속 공기 전지 |
KR101632793B1 (ko) | 2013-09-13 | 2016-06-22 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 공기 전지용 양극 및 그의 제조방법 |
KR101599124B1 (ko) | 2014-03-05 | 2016-03-15 | 한국과학기술원 | 리튬-공기 전지용 촉매로서 나노섬유 형상의 페롭스카이트 금속산화물이 사용된 공기 전극 및 그 제조방법 |
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US10505203B2 (en) | 2019-12-10 |
EP3316366B1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
EP3316366A4 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
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