JP6417320B2 - ポリマーシート - Google Patents
ポリマーシート Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6417320B2 JP6417320B2 JP2015512049A JP2015512049A JP6417320B2 JP 6417320 B2 JP6417320 B2 JP 6417320B2 JP 2015512049 A JP2015512049 A JP 2015512049A JP 2015512049 A JP2015512049 A JP 2015512049A JP 6417320 B2 JP6417320 B2 JP 6417320B2
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- polymer
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- radiation
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 219
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 124
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 107
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 81
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- -1 alkyl methacrylate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 31
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene group Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
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- HQMBLJOHUDYJLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[7-(dimethylamino)-2-oxochromen-4-yl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C21 HQMBLJOHUDYJLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- HSHNITRMYYLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylumbelliferone Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C=C2C HSHNITRMYYLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IXQPRUQVJIJUEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-(diethylamino)-n-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)ethyl]-2-oxochromene-3-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C1OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=C1C(=O)NCCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O IXQPRUQVJIJUEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OGQHCUYSWDOIMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-(diethylamino)-n-[2-[(2-iodoacetyl)amino]ethyl]-2-oxochromene-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=C(C(=O)NCCNC(=O)CI)C(=O)OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C21 OGQHCUYSWDOIMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- FWEOQOXTVHGIFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C=12C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 FWEOQOXTVHGIFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- NUNPVRICKDZFLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxochromene-3-carboxylate Chemical compound O=C1OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=C1C(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O NUNPVRICKDZFLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MLEBFEHOJICQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N monodansylcadaverine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1S(=O)(=O)NCCCCCN MLEBFEHOJICQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
あまり安定でない発光ダウンシフト化合物を含む層を、ストークスシフト(Stoke shift)を用いて有害な放射を害が少ない放射へと変換することができる発光ダウンシフト化合物を含む層と組み合わせて使用することが可能となる。上記のレイアウトはより安定なポリマーシートをもたらす。
"includes," "including,")、「含有する」("containing,")、「特徴とする」("characterized by,")、「有する」("has," "having")又はそれらの任意の他の変化形は、非排他的な包含を含むことを意図するものである。例えば、一連の要素を含むプロセス、方法、物品又は装置は、必ずしもこれらの要素のみに限定されるものではなく、明示的に挙げられていない又はかかるプロセス、方法、物品若しくは装置に伴う他の要素を含むことができる。さらに、そうではないと明示的に指定されない限り、「又は」は排他的な「又は」ではなく、包括的な「又は」を指す。移行句「から本質的になる」は、請求項の範囲を指定の材料又は工程と請求項に係る発明の基本的な及び新規の特徴に実質的に影響を及ぼさない材料又は工程とに限定する。
かかる言及は、ポリマーがこれらのモノマー、すなわちこれらのモノマーの共重合単位又はそのモノマーの量と対応するポリマー及びその組成物とを含むことを意図すると解釈される。
で吸収する発光ダウンシフト化合物は、従来のUV安定剤と組み合わせてもよい。このような標準的な安定剤は、より長い波長で放射を再放出するのではなく、吸収されたUVを熱エネルギーに変換するため、使用を制限することが好ましい。したがって、かかるUV安定剤を除外するか又は低濃度で使用される場合には、より効率的なポリマーシートが得られる。この場合、発光ダウンシフト化合物は、UV安定剤の保護機能を引き継ぐ。
McIntosh, Bryce S. Richards, Enhancing the performance of a solar cell via luminescent down-shifting of incident spectrum, a review, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 93 (2009) 1182-1194に記載されている。発光ダウンシフト化合物の少なくともいくつかが有機化合物であるのが好ましいが、これは本発明の利点がとりわけこの群の化合物に適用されるためである。
ニル)−1,6,7,12−テトラフェノキシペリレン−3,4:9,10−テトラカルボン酸ジイミド、N,N’−ビス(2,6−ジイソプロピルフェニル)−1,6−及び−1,7−ビス(4−tert−オクチルフェノキシ)ペリレン−3,4:9,10−テトラカルボン酸ジイミド、N,N’−ビス(2,6−ジイソプロピルフェニル)−1,6−及び−1,7−ビス(2,6−ジイソプロピルフェノキシ)−ペリレン−3,4:9,10−テトラカルボン酸ジイミド、N−(2,6−ジイソプロピルフェニル)ペリレン−3,4−ジカルボン酸イミド、N−(2,6−ジイソプロピルフェニル)−9−フェノキシペリレン−3,4−ジカルボン酸イミド、N−(2,6−ジイソプロピルフェニル)−9−(2,6−ジイソプロピルフェノキシ)ペリレン−3,4−ジカルボン酸イミド、N−(2,6−ジイソプロピルフェニル)−9−シアノペリレン−3,4−ジカルボン酸イミド、N−(7−トリデシル)−9−フェノキシペリレン−3,4−ジカルボン酸イミド、ペリレン−3,9−及び−3,10−ジカルボン酸ジイソブチルエステル、4,10−ジシアノペリレン−3,9−及び4,9−ジシアノペリレン−3,10−ジカルボン酸ジイソブチルエステル並びにペリレン−3,9−及び−3,10−ジカルボン酸ジ(2,6−ジイソプロピルフェニル)アミドである。
へ再放出することが可能である:2,5−チオフェンジイルビス(5−tert−ブチル−1,3−ベンゾオキサゾール。
アミノ−3−((((2−ヨードアセトアミド)エチル)アミノ)カルボニル)クマリン(IDCC)、7−ジエチルアミノ−3−((((2−マレイミジル)エチル)アミノ)カルボニル)クマリン(MDCC)、7−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルクマリン−3−イソチオシアネート(DACITC)、N−(7−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルクマリン−3−イル)マレイミド(DACM)、N−(7−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルクマリン−3−イル)ヨードアセトアミド(DACIA)、7−ジエチルアミノ−3−(4’−マレイミジルフェニル)−4−メチルクマリン(CPM)、7−ジエチルアミノ−3−((4’−(ヨードアセチル)アミノ)フェニル)−4−メチルクマリン(DCIA)、7−ジメチルアミノクマリン−4−酢酸(DMACA)、7−ジメチルアミノクマリン−4−酢酸スクシンイミジルエステル(DMACASE)、アクリジンオレンジ、Alexa430、Alexa Fluor430抗体複合体(pH7.2)、オーラミンO、Di−8
ANEPPS、Di−8−ANEPPS−脂質、FM1−43、FM1−43脂質、Fura Red Ca2+、Fura Red、高Ca、Fura Red、低Ca、ルシファーイエロー及び/又はCH、SYPRO Ruby(CAS260546−55−2)である。
EPS、SIPS、ポリウレタン、官能性ポリオレフィン、アイオノマー、熱可塑性ポリジメチルシロキサンコポリマー、又はその混合物であってもよい。エチレン酢酸ビニル(EVA)、ポリビニルブチラール(PVB)、シリコーン、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、アルキルアクリレートコポリマー、例えば、ポリメタクリレートポリ−n−ブチルアクリレート(PMMA−PnBA)を使用するのが好ましい。ポリマー層の少なくとも1つがエチレン酢酸ビニルポリマーから構成されるのが好ましい。これらのポリマーは、発光ダウンシフト化合物に好適なマトリクスをもたらすため有利である。さらに、得られるシートを熱ラミネートプロセスに容易に使用して、ポリマーシートを含む最終生成物を作製することができる。他の考え得るポリマーはポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、ポリビニルブチラール(PVB)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリウレタン、シリコーン又はそれらの混合物である。
蔵安定性を考慮して選択される。本発明の好ましい実施の形態によると、過酸化物は樹脂加工温度で、特に共押出工程及び/又は更なる押出及びペレット化工程中に本質的に分解せず、太陽電池形成温度又は積層温度でのみ活性化されるように選ばれる。本発明による「本質的に分解しない」とは、共押出温度で少なくとも0.1〜1時間の半減期を指す。有機過酸化物の例としては、2,5−ジメチルヘキサン−2,5−ジヒドロペルオキシド、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(tert−ブチルペルオキシ)ヘキサン、3−ジ−tert−ブチルペルオキシド、ジクミルペルオキシド、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(2−エチルヘキサノイルペルオキシ)ヘキサン、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(tert−ブチルペルオキシ)ヘキサン、tert−ブチルクミルペルオキシド、α,α’−ビス(tert−ブチルペルオキシイソプロピル)ベンゼン、α,α’−ビス(tert−ブチルペルオキシ)ジイソプロピルベンゼン、n−ブチル−4,4−ビス(tert−ブチルペルオキシ)ブタン、2,2−ビス(tert−ブチルペルオキシ)ブタン、1,1−ビス(tert−ブチルペルオキシ)シクロヘキサン、1,1−ビス(tert−ブチルペルオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、tert−ブチルペルオキシベンゾエート、ベンゾイルペルオキシド、及び1,1−ジ(tert−ヘキシルペルオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサンが挙げられる。これらの中でも、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(2−エチルヘキサノイルペルオキシ)ヘキサン、及び1,1−ジ(tert−ヘキシルペルオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサンが特に好ましい。フィルム層中の有機過酸化物の含有量は、好ましくは100重量部のポリマーを基準として0.1〜5重量部の範囲、より好ましくは0.2〜1.8重量部の範囲である。
に好ましいポリマー材料の組合せについて、適用される積層温度が、ポリマーシートを例えば光電池と組み合わせる場合にポリマーシートの作製において内層を押出する温度よりも高く、ポリマーシートの作製において内層を押出する温度が、ポリマーシートの作製において外層の少なくとも一方を押出する温度よりも高いことを見出した。
ニルポリマーから構成されるポリマー層については、シランカップリング剤は好ましくはポリマーの総重量に基づいて0.01〜約5wt%、又はより好ましくは0.05〜約1wt%のレベルで組み込まれる。
でコーティングされる。反射防止層は、ガラス表面で反射する放射を制限する。この反射を制限することにより、ガラス層(a)を通過する放射が増加し、結果として太陽電池パネルの効率が向上する。コーティングがガラス層(a)に施されることが好ましい。好適な反射防止コーティングは、多孔質シリカの層を含む。多孔質シリカは、例えば米国特許第7767253号に記載されるようなゾル・ゲル法によって塗布することができる。多孔質シリカは、シリカ系バインダー中に存在する固体シリカ粒子を含むことができる。かかるコーティングは、DSM(The Netherlands)からKhepri Coat(商標)として入手可能である。反射防止コーティングを有するガラス層を作製するプロセスは、例えば国際公開第2004104113号及び国際公開第2010100285号に記載されている。
ガラス層(a)、
本発明に係るポリマーシート(b)、
光電池を含む層(c)、
ポリマー封止材層(d)、及び、
ガラス層(e)、
を含むスタックを高積層温度での熱ラミネートに供することによって得ることができる。
こる。また、ガラス素子は太陽電池パネルの透明保護層としても使用される。
物と光電池とが組み合わせて使用される。さらに、化合物は、光電池からポリマー層へと移動する可能性があり、ポリマー及び/又は発光ダウンシフト化合物の分解を生じ得る。ガラス層はかかる移動を効率的に回避する。このようにして、様々な光電池への白熱光の使用の増加が、単にフロントシートを置き換えることにより既存の生産ラインでも可能である。
びモリブデンとのモリブデン合金、及びこれらの任意の組合せを含むが、これらに限定されない材料が挙げられる。好適には、バック接点層(d)は、グラファイト、ニッケル及びアルミニウム合金の組合せである。
単層EVA箔を以下のように作製した:33%の酢酸ビニル含量及びおよそ45g/10分のMFIを有する市販のエチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーを用いた。578nmの波長で光を吸収し、613nmの波長で放出する市販の蛍光ペリレン染料を、例えば米国特許
第7727418号に開示されるように0.05重量%の濃度でEVA材料と混合した。
温度:145℃;真空発生時間:300秒;圧力上昇:30秒及びプレス時間:400秒。
Light Sources - Xenon Arc Lamps)」と題するISO 4892第2部、方法A、サイクル2として開示される試験サイクルを用いて促進老化試験に供した。
3層共押出箔を以下の組成で作製した:
層1:EVA+1%メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、1重量%のtert−ブチルペルオキシ2−エチルヘキシルカーボネート、厚さ200μm、EVAポリマーマトリクスを分解から保護するHALS及び酸化防止剤の組合せを含有する市販の光安定化パッケージを更に含む。
層2:PMMA+0.05%ペリレン染料、厚さ50μm。
層3:EVA+1%メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、1重量%のtert−ブチルペルオキシ2−エチルヘキシルカーボネート、厚さ200μm、層1の光安定化パッケージを更に含む。
銀(Ag)のナノクラスターを含有するゼオライトを、EVAマトリクスに6%の濃度レベルで混合した。2つのサンプルを作製した。一方のサンプルを乾燥剤によって制御される乾燥環境で保管し、第2のサンプルを周囲条件で保管した。
比較例2のような更なる単層ポリマーシートを作製し、実施例1で論じた同じ積層サイクルを用いて2つのガラス間で積層した。ガラス/ガラスサンプルを85℃及び85%相
対湿度の蒸気熱風化チャンバに入れた。僅か50時間の蒸気熱試験の後にガラス板の縁に変色が見られた。
ガラス/封止材/ポリマーバックシート構造を用いて比較例3を繰り返した。そのようにして得られた素子を同様に風化チャンバに入れた。このサンプルは急速に完全な暗褐色となり、比較例4のガラスバックプレートと比較してより低い水分バリアとしてのポリマーバックシートの性能が示された。
典型的なEVA封止特性を維持するために、より良好な水分バリア性を有するポリマーからなる2つの200μm厚のEVA層を外層及び薄い中間層として含む多層フィルムを作製した。選ばれたポリマーは低密度ポリエチレンであった。ポリエチレンのメルトインデックスは、110℃の押出温度でのメルトフローが同じ温度でのEVAポリマーのメルトフローと同様になるように選ばれた。Ag/ゼオライト粉末をポリエチレン層に混合した。得られるフィルムは標準的なEVA単層の特徴的な封止特性を示し、より良好な水分特性を有するポリマーに組み込まれるために中間層中のAg/ゼオライトの保護ももたらした。
端封を適用してガラス/多層/ガラス素子を作製した。この素子は湿熱試験で500時間後に変色を示さなかった。この構造では大部分の水分がモジュールの外側に維持され、多層ポリマーシートが副次的な保護手段として働き、接続箱を介した湿気侵入、とりわけ水分侵入から保護することが予想される。
Claims (24)
- 複数の共押出ポリマー層を備えるポリマーシートであって、該層の少なくとも1つが、ある波長の放射を少なくとも部分的に吸収し、その吸収された放射の波長よりも長い波長で放射を再放出する発光ダウンシフト化合物を含み、
前記シートが2つの外側ポリマー層と少なくとも1つの内側ポリマー層とを備え、一方の外側ポリマー層又は両方の外側ポリマー層が、少なくとも1つの内側ポリマー層の融点T2よりも10〜50℃低い融点T1を有する、ポリマーシート。 - 前記ポリマーシートの2つ以上の層が発光ダウンシフト化合物を含む、請求項1に記載のポリマーシート。
- 前記発光ダウンシフト化合物が第1のポリマー層中に存在し、次の層中に存在する発光ダウンシフト化合物よりも短い波長でより多くの放射を吸収することができる、請求項2に記載のポリマーシート。
- 前記第1のポリマー層が、UVを少なくとも部分的に吸収し、より長い波長で放射を再放出する発光ダウンシフト化合物を含む、請求項3に記載のポリマーシート。
- 第1の層中に存在する1つ又は複数の異なる発光ダウンシフト化合物が、次の層中に存在する1つ又は複数の異なる発光ダウンシフト化合物よりも短い波長で放射を吸収し、前記第1の層および次の層における1つ以上の異なる発光ダウンシフト化合物がカスケードを形成するように選ばれ、該カスケードが、該カスケード中の化合物が次の化合物が放射を吸収する波長域で放射を再放出するように定義され、少なくとも1つの発光ダウンシフト化合物がある波長の放射を少なくとも部分的に吸収し、その吸収された放射の波長よりも長い波長で放射を再放出する、請求項3または4に記載のポリマーシート。
- 第1のポリマー層が280〜400nmで放射を吸収し、400〜550nmで放射を再放出する発光ダウンシフト化合物を含み、別のポリマー層が360〜470nmで放射を吸収し、410〜670nmで放射を再放出する発光ダウンシフト化合物を含み、別の
ポリマー層が360〜570nmで放射を吸収し、410〜750nmで放射を再放出する発光ダウンシフト化合物を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のポリマーシート。 - 前記発光ダウンシフト化合物が、前記内側ポリマー層中にのみ存在する、請求項1に記載のポリマーシート。
- 前記ポリマー層の少なくとも1つが、エチレン酢酸ビニル(EVA)、エチレンビニルアルコール(EVOH)、ポリビニルブチラール(PVB)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、メタクリル酸アルキル、アクリル酸アルキルコポリマー、ポリウレタン、官能性ポリオレフィン、アイオノマー、熱可塑性ポリジメチルシロキサンコポリマー又はそれらの混合物を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のポリマーシート。
- 前記ポリマー層の少なくとも1つがエチレン酢酸ビニルポリマーを含み、酢酸含量が12%重量%〜45重量%である、請求項8に記載のポリマーシート。
- 外側ポリマー層の1つがシランカップリング剤を含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のポリマーシート。
- 前記内側ポリマー層が、ブタジエン、イソプレン及び/又はブチレン/エチレンコポリマーとの、任意に水素化されたポリスチレンブロックコポリマー(SIS、SBS及び/又はSEBS);メタクリル酸(アイオノマー)等の共重合性官能化モノマーとの、エチレンビニルアルコール(EVOH)コポリマー、ポリメタクリレートポリアクリレートブロックコポリマー、ポリオレフィン、ポリオレフィンコポリマー若しくはターポリマー、又はオレフィンコポリマー若しくはターポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載のポリマーシート。
- 外側ポリマー層がエチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーを含み、該エチレン酢酸ビニルの酢酸含量が18重量%を超える、請求項9に記載のポリマーシート。
- 2つのガラス層を備える素子であって、前記ガラス層のガラスがホウケイ酸ガラス又はソーダ石灰ガラスであり、透明ポリマー層が該2つのガラス層間に存在し、該ポリマー層が請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のポリマーシートを含む、素子。
- ガラス素子の総厚が5mm未満である、請求項13に記載の素子。
- 前記ガラス層の少なくとも一方の厚さが0.1〜2mmである、請求項13又は14に記載の素子。
- 少なくとも一方のガラス層が反射防止コーティングで覆われた前記ポリマー層と対向しない表面を有する、請求項13〜15のいずれか一項に記載の素子。
- 少なくとも一方のガラス層が前記ポリマー層に対向しないエンボス面を有する、請求項13〜16のいずれか一項に記載の素子。
- 光電池を含む層と、請求項13〜17のいずれか一項に記載の素子を含むカバー層とを備える、光電池モジュール。
- 請求項13〜17のいずれか一項に記載のガラス素子と、(a)透明電極層と、(b)n型半導体層と、(c)テルル化カドミウム吸収材層と、(d)バック接点とを備えるC
dTe太陽光電池。 - 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のポリマーシートと光電池とを備え、ガラス層、ポリマーシート、光電池、封止材層及びバックシートという層順序を有する、太陽電池パネル。
- 入射した放射に対向する前記ガラス層に反射防止コーティングが設けられる、請求項20に記載の太陽電池パネル。
- 以下の層:
ガラス層(a)、
請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のポリマーシート(b)、
光電池を含む層(c)、
ポリマー封止材層(d)、及び、
ガラス層(e)、
を含むスタックを積層温度が115〜175℃の熱ラミネートに供することによって太陽電池パネルを製造する方法であって、
前記ポリマーシート(b)が、2つの外側副層と少なくとも1つの内部副層とを含む3つ以上の複数の共押出熱可塑性ポリマー副層から構成され、
前記ポリマーシート(b)が、異なるポリマー材料の共押出によって得られ、該ポリマー材料が、各々の副層に適用される押出温度での副層のポリマーのメルトフローインデックスの最大の差が3(g/10min)未満であるように選ばれる各々の副層の押出温度で押出され、
積層温度TLが内部副層の押出温度TCよりも高く、
前記温度TCが外側副層の押出温度TA及び/又は他の外側副層の押出温度TBよりも高い、
方法。 - 前記スタックの環境の圧力が30mBar未満である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 複数の共押出ポリマー層を備えるポリマーシートであって、該層の少なくとも1つが、ある波長の放射を少なくとも部分的に吸収し、その吸収された放射の波長よりも長い波長で放射を再放出する発光ダウンシフト化合物を含み、
前記シートが2つの外側ポリマー層と少なくとも1つの内側ポリマー層とを備え、一方の外側ポリマー層又は両方の外側ポリマー層が、少なくとも1つの内側ポリマー層の融点T2よりも1〜10℃低い融点T1を有するポリマーシートの製造方法であって、
前記ポリマーシートが異なるポリマー材料の共押出によって得られ、該ポリマー材料が、各々の副層に適用される押出温度での副層のポリマーのメルトフローインデックスの最大の差が3(g/10min)未満であるように選ばれる各々の副層の押出温度で押出される、ポリマーシートの製造方法。
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2023281922A1 (ja) * | 2021-07-05 | 2023-01-12 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 光反射用熱硬化性樹脂組成物、光半導体素子搭載用基板及び光半導体装置 |
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EP2849943A2 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
TR201909846T4 (tr) | 2019-07-22 |
ES2733319T3 (es) | 2019-11-28 |
KR20150020207A (ko) | 2015-02-25 |
IN2014DN10540A (ja) | 2015-08-21 |
BE1021307B1 (nl) | 2015-10-27 |
EP2850664A2 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
WO2013171275A2 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
CN104540677B (zh) | 2018-05-22 |
KR20150013796A (ko) | 2015-02-05 |
US20180323323A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
WO2013171272A2 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
WO2013171275A3 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
JP2015523920A (ja) | 2015-08-20 |
CN104619490A (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
CN108608703A (zh) | 2018-10-02 |
CN108608703B (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
CN104540677A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
BE1021330B1 (nl) | 2015-10-30 |
JP2015522945A (ja) | 2015-08-06 |
US20150144191A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
IN2014DN10539A (ja) | 2015-08-21 |
CN104619490B (zh) | 2018-10-09 |
US20150129018A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
WO2013171272A3 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
EP2850664B1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
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