JP2013516073A - 光起電力応用のための高性能バックシート及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
光起電力応用のための高性能バックシート及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本発明は、光起電力応用のための高性能なバックシート(裏打ちシートとも称される)及びそれを製造するための方法を提供する。高性能バックシートは、配合された熱可塑性ポリオレフィン又は配合されたエチレン酢酸ビニル(EVA)を含む。配合された熱可塑性ポリオレフィン又はEVAは、1層として単独で用いられてよく、あるいは層内に組み込まれてよく、あるいは多重層積層体内の層として用いられてよい。配合された熱可塑性ポリオレフィン又はEVAは、裏打ちシート内でのポリエステルの使用の必要性を排除することにおいて有用である。
【選択図】図1
Description
実施例
金属化PP(ポリプロピレン)を組み込んだ積層体を準備し、水蒸気透過率(Moisture Vapor Transmission Rates)(MVTR)を試験した。金属化PPは、金属化された(アルミニウムの層)ポリプロピレンである。試料は、エクソンモービル(ExxonMobil)から商業的に入手可能な異なるグレード、すなわち18XM882及び40UBM−E5を用いて準備された。金属化PP、及びプロテクト(Protekt)/金属化PP/EVAの積層体は、南ミシシッピ大学(Southern Mississippi University)でのMVTR試験に供された。これらの積層体は、13μm厚のプロテクト(Protekt)(登録商標)(ルミフロン(Lumiflon)(登録商標)ベースのフッ素コポリマーコーティング)層及び100μm厚のEVA(エチレン酢酸ビニル)層を有していた。製造元(エクソンモービル)はMVTRが0.02g/m2/日であると報告している。しかし、以下の表1に示されるように、積層体は10分の1のMVTRを示していた。表1においてSL081809−1及び2は積層体の異なる試料である。
EVA及び他のポリオレフィンの不利な点は、熱酸化分解に対するそれらの感受性である。これはPV応用においてバックシートとして用いられるポリマー材料に対して特に重要である。UL1703は、バックシートのRTI(相対温度指数(Relative Thermal Index))が少なくとも90℃であるべきことを述べている。加えて、RTIは、測定されるモジュールの動作温度を20℃超える温度よりも低くないべきである。モジュールがますます高い温度で動作するにつれて、105℃のRTIが一般的な定格になってきている。ポリマーが分解すると、分解生成物は放出され(ガス放出)、これらの生成物は、ヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフ(Head Space Gas Chromatograph)(HSGC)によって(定量的及び定性的に)検出され得る。
i)熱的安定性、ii)UV安定性に関する配合されたEVAのロバスト性(robustness)の向上を以下の実施例で説明する。実施例のフィルムを次のように準備して評価した。1)コントロールEVA、2)R105_TiO2(デュポン(DuPont))、サイテックサイアソーブ(Cytec Cyasorb)(登録商標)UV−2908光安定剤(フリーラジカル捕捉剤ヒンダードベンゾエート(free radical scavenger hindered benzoate)0.1重量%、サイテックサイアノックス(Cytec Cyanox)(登録商標)2777酸化防止剤0.1%、及びR105_TiO2、UVOBチバ(Ciba)0.1重量%が配合されたEVA。ここに説明される調合された(formulated)EVAは、押し出し、吹きつけ(blowing)若しくは他の手段によるフィルムとして製造されてよく、又はポリオレフィン、ポリカーボネート等の基板上に直接押し出されてよい。積層体は次のようにして作製された。1)フッ素コポリマーコーティング(ルミフロン(Lumiflon)(登録商標)ベース)/5ミルマイラーA/EVA、2)フッ素コポリマー/5ミルマイラーA/EVA0.1%添加物。
酸素誘導時間(Oxygen induction time)(OIT)試験は、酸素安定性及び/又はポリマーの分解を評価するための技術である。これは、易酸化性ポリマーの安定性に対する酸化防止剤の相対的有用性を検査するのに特に効果的である。これはまた、酸化防止剤がポリマーから浸出してそれらの有効性を打ち消してしまったか否かを決定するためにも有用である。試験は冷蔵冷却システム(Refrigerated Cooling System)を備えたDSC_Q200(TAインストゥルメンツ(TA Instruments)を用いて行われた。試料(2〜3mg)は、50℃〜200℃の窒素雰囲気中において開アルミ鍋(蓋なし)内で加熱される。試料は5分間200℃で維持される。次いでガスが酸素に変えられ、材料は酸素雰囲気中において100分間200℃で維持され続けられる。OITは、EVAの熱的安定性及び添加物の有効性の迅速なスクリーニングのために用いられ得る。
配合されたポリプロピレンベースのバックシート試料をクロスハッチ接着対湿熱暴露(cross-hatch adhesion vs. damp-heat exposure)に供した。クロスハッチ接着値は、湿熱にて200時間を越えて一定(約5)のままであった。配合されたポリプロピレンベースのバックシート試料はまた、経時的に引張強度を試験するために湿熱にさらされた。引張強度は2000時間を越えて一定のままであった。
Claims (20)
- 光起電力モジュールのための裏打ちシートであって、
配合された熱可塑性ポリオレフィンを含む裏打ちシート。 - 前記裏打ちシートは、少なくとも内層及び外層を備え、前記配合された熱可塑性ポリオレフィンは前記内層内に組み込まれ、前記裏打ちシートはポリエステル層を含まない請求項1の裏打ちシート。
- 前記内層は1つ以上の配合された熱可塑性ポリオレフィンからなる請求項2の裏打ちシート。
- 前記外層は耐候性層である請求項2の裏打ちシート。
- 前記裏打ちシートは(a)耐候性フィルムの第1の外層、(b)少なくとも1つの中間層、及び(c)内層を備える積層体であり、少なくとも1つの中間層は前記配合された熱可塑性ポリオレフィンを含む請求項1の裏打ちシート。
- 前記内層はエチレン酢酸ビニル(EVA)を含み、前記EVAの酢酸ビニル含有量は約2〜33重量パーセントである請求項5の裏打ちシート。
- 前記第1の外層及び/又は中間層は熱伝導性フィラーを含む請求項5の裏打ちシート。
- 前記第1の外層は塩化三フッ化エチレンと1つ以上のアルキルビニルエーテルとのフッ素コポリマーを含み、前記1つ以上のアルキルビニルエーテルは反応性OH官能基を有するアルキルビニルエーテルを含む請求項5の裏打ちシート。
- 前記ポリオレフィンには光安定剤が配合される請求項1の裏打ちシート。
- 前記ポリオレフィンには顔料が更に配合される請求項9の裏打ちシート。
- 前記裏打ちにはポリエステル層が含まれない請求項1の裏打ちシート。
- 光起電力モジュールのための裏打ちシートであって、
配合されたEVAを含み、ポリエステル層を含まない裏打ちシート。 - 前記EVAには光安定剤が配合される請求項12の裏打ちシート。
- 前記EVAには酸化防止剤が更に配合される請求項13の裏打ちシート。
- 塩化三フッ化エチレンと1つ以上のアルキルビニルエーテルとのフッ素コポリマーの耐候層を更に備え、前記1つ以上のアルキルビニルエーテルは反応性OH官能基を有するアルキルビニルエーテルを含む請求項14の裏打ちシート。
- 光起電性セルと、
1つ以上の配合されたポリオレフィン若しくは配合されたEVA又はこれらの両方を含む裏打ちシートと、を備える光起電力モジュール。 - 前記光起電性セルはEVAで封止されている請求項16の光起電力モジュール。
- 前記裏打ちシートは当該EVA封止材と接触する配合されたEVA層を含む請求項17の光起電力モジュール。
- 前記ポリオレフィン又はEVAには、光安定剤、酸化防止剤又はこれらの両方が約0.1%〜約1%の重量パーセントで配合されている請求項16の光起電力モジュール。
- 前記酸化防止剤及び光安定剤は約0.1重量%〜約1重量%で各々存在する請求項14の裏打ちシート。
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US28964609P | 2009-12-23 | 2009-12-23 | |
US61/289,646 | 2009-12-23 | ||
US35326410P | 2010-06-10 | 2010-06-10 | |
US61/353,264 | 2010-06-10 | ||
PCT/US2010/062049 WO2011079292A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-23 | High performance backsheet for photovoltaic applications and method for manufacturing the same |
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US (2) | US20110146762A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2517258A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2013516073A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20120112471A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102687278A (ja) |
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EP2517258A4 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
EP2517258A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
CN102687278A (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
WO2011079292A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
US20110146762A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
KR20120112471A (ko) | 2012-10-11 |
US20140109956A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
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