JP2015522945A - 光電池モジュール用の多層封止フィルム - Google Patents
光電池モジュール用の多層封止フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015522945A JP2015522945A JP2015512048A JP2015512048A JP2015522945A JP 2015522945 A JP2015522945 A JP 2015522945A JP 2015512048 A JP2015512048 A JP 2015512048A JP 2015512048 A JP2015512048 A JP 2015512048A JP 2015522945 A JP2015522945 A JP 2015522945A
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- vinyl acetate
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Images
Classifications
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
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- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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Abstract
Description
、光電池モジュールの背面側に対向する側に対向する光電池モジュールに積層されるフィルムの側面を指す。しかしながら、本発明に係るフィルム又はシートは、上側の面が上向きであるように作製する必要はない。
のリストとして与えられる場合、範囲が別個に開示されるかに関わらず、任意の上限範囲又は好ましい値と任意の下限範囲又は好ましい値との任意の対からなる全ての範囲を具体的に開示するものと理解される。数値の範囲が本明細書で列挙される場合、他に指定のない限り、この範囲はその端点並びに範囲内の全ての整数及び端数を含むことを意図するものである。本発明の範囲が範囲の規定において列挙される具体的な値に限定されることは意図されない。
"includes," "including,")、「含有する」("containing,")、「特徴とする」("characterized by,")、「有する」("has," "having")又はそれらの任意の他の変化形は、非排他的な包含を含むことを意図するものである。例えば、一連の要素を含むプロセス、方法、物品又は装置は、必ずしもこれらの要素のみに限定されるものではなく、明示的に挙げられていない又はかかるプロセス、方法、物品若しくは装置に伴う他の要素を含むことができる。さらに、そうではないと明示的に指定されない限り、「又は」は排他的な「又は」ではなく、包括的な「又は」を指す。移行句「から本質的になる」は、請求項の範囲を指定の材料又は工程と請求項に係る発明の基本的な及び新規の特徴に実質的に影響を及ぼさない材料又は工程とに限定する。
ュールの積層工程において架橋が完了すると、架橋しているポリマーはもはや熱可塑性材料とはみなされない。したがって、本明細書で積層後の光電池モジュールに言及する限りにおいて、記載の特性は積層工程前の架橋ポリマーを含むポリマーを指すものである。
density polyethylene)、中密度ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレン、メタロセン触媒ポリエチレン、シングルサイト触媒の生成物である他のポリエチレン、及びこれらのポリエチレンの2つ以上の組合せであってもよい。
般的な種類としては、フェノール系抗酸化剤、すなわち、アルキル化モノフェノール、アルキルチオメチルフェノール、ヒドロキノン、アルキル化ヒドロキノン、トコフェロール、ヒドロキシ化チオジフェニルエーテル、アルキリデンビスフェノール、O−、N−及びS−ベンジル化合物、ヒドロキシベンジル化マロネート、芳香族ヒドロキシベンジル化合物、トリアジン化合物、アミン系抗酸化剤、すなわち、アリールアミン、ジアリールアミン、ポリアリールアミン、アシルアミノフェノール、オキサミド、金属不活性剤、すなわち、ホスファイト、ホスホニト、ホスホン酸ベンジル、アスコルビン酸(ビタミンC)、過酸化物を消失させる化合物、すなわち、ヒドロキシルアミン、ニトロン、チオシネルギスト、ベンゾフラノン、インドリノン等、及びそれらの混合物が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。EVAコポリマーは、任意の有効量の熱安定剤を含有してもよい。熱安定剤の使用は任意であり、好ましくない場合もある。熱安定剤を使用する場合、ポリマー材料は、典型的には、ポリマーの総重量を基準として少なくとも0.05wt%から10wt%まで、より好ましくは5wt%まで、最も好ましくは1wt%までの熱安定剤を含有する。
McIntosh, Bryce S. Richards, Enhancing the performance of a solar cell via luminescent down-shifting of incident spectrum, a review, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 93 (2009) 1182-1194に記載されている。
−4−4’−ジアミン(TPD)、ビス−(8−ヒドロキシキノリン)−クロロガリウム(Gaq2CI);ペリレンカルボン酸又はその誘導体;ナフタレンカルボン酸又はその誘導体;ビオラントロン若しくはイソビオラントロン又はそれらの誘導体が挙げられる。有機発光ダウンシフト化合物の例としては、キニーネ、フルオレセイン、スルホローダミン、5−ビス(5−tert−ブチル−2−エンゾキサゾリル)チオフェン、ナイルブルーが挙げられる。
ルコキシル化ビオラントロン及び/又はイソビオラントロン、例えば6,15−ジドデシルオキシイソビオラントロンジオン−(9,18)である。
がポリマーシート中に存在していてもよく、この付加的な層が、発光ダウンシフト化合物又は他の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。
Yellow、Cascade Yellow抗体複合体(pH8.0)、クマリン、ダンシルカダベリン、ダンシルカダベリン、MeOH、DAPI、DAPI−DNA、ダポキシル(Dapoxyl)(2−アミノエチル)スルホンアミド、DyLight350、Fura−2 Ca2+、Fura−2、高Ca、Fura−2、Caなし、Hoechst33258、Hoechst33258−DNA、Hoechst33342、Indo−1、Caフリー、LysoSensor Yellow(pH3.0)、LysoSensor Yellow(pH9.0)、Marina Blue、Sapphire、及び/又はSBFI−Na+である。
る。好適な発光ダウンシフト化合物の一例は、約310nmに最大吸収、及び約390nmに最大放出を有することが知られる3,5,3’’’’,5’’’’−テトラ−t−ブチル−p−キンキフェニルである。この発光ダウンシフト化合物は、例えばポリマー層中の発光ダウンシフト化合物の総含有量の約33%の濃度で添加することができる。第2の発光ダウンシフト化合物は、約335nm〜450nmに吸収域を有し、約410〜550nmに放出域を有する。好適な発光ダウンシフト化合物の一例は2,3,5,6−1H,4H−テトラヒドロキノリジノ−[9,9a,1−gh]−クマリンであり、例えばポリマー層中の発光ダウンシフト化合物の総含有量の約33%の濃度であり、約396nmに最大励起波長、及び約490nmに最大発光波長を有する。カスケードの第3の発光ダウンシフト化合物は、約450nm〜550nmに吸収域を有し、560nm〜700nmに放出域であってもよい。好適な発光ダウンシフト化合物の一例は−アミノ−2−メチルアントラキノンであり、例えばポリマー層中の発光ダウンシフト化合物の総含有量の約33%の濃度であり、約450nmに最大吸収、及び約600nmに最大放出を有する。
しくは10〜350μmの範囲、より好ましくは15〜300μmの範囲、最も好ましくは20〜250μmの範囲である。
、例えば、ブチルアクリレート由来のコポリマー単位が2〜30重量%を占めており、グリシジルメタクリレート由来のコポリマー単位が1〜15重量%を占めるエチレン−ブチルアクリレート−グリシジルメタクリレートのターポリマーが挙げられる、エチレン及びグリシジルメタクリレートと、C1−C4アルキルメタクリレート、C1−C4アルキルアクリレート、エチレン−メタクリル酸、エチレン−アクリル酸、及びエチレン−無水マレイン酸から選択される少なくとも1つのコモノマーとから構成されるコポリマー;並びに上記材料の2種類以上のブレンドが挙げられる。
ガラス層(a)、
第1の透明ポリマー封止材層(b)、
光電池を含む層(c)、
第2のポリマー封止材層(d)、及び、
ガラス層(e)、
を備える太陽電池パネルであって、第1及び/又は第2のポリマー封止材層が複数の共押出された熱可塑性のポリマー副層から構成される、太陽電池パネル。
ガラス層(a)、
第1の透明ポリマー封止材層(b)、
光電池を含む層(c)、
第2のポリマー封止材層(d)、及び、
ガラス層(e)、
を含むスタックであって、第1及び/又は第2のポリマー封止材層が複数の共押出された熱可塑性のポリマー副層から構成される、スタックを高められた積層温度で熱ラミネートすることによる太陽電池パネルを製造する方法。
成される封止材層を設けることによって、太陽電池パネルの複雑さを制限することができることを見出した。これにより、熱ラミネート工程の積層手順におけるフィルムの数が顕著に低減する。さらに、製造プロセスにおける廃棄材料の量が低減する。さらに、太陽電池パネルを製造する方法は、溶剤型接着剤を全く又は極めて僅かにしか必要とせずに行うことができる。更なる利点を下記に記載する。
1つ又は複数のマスターバッチのポリマー材料を準備する工程と、(ii)ポリマーシートを形成する層に、マスターバッチポリマー材料を共押出する工程とを含む、方法にも関する。この方法が、ポリマー材料及び添加剤から1つ又は複数のマスターバッチを作製することと、マスターバッチ材料を共押出に使用される微粒子へと成形することとを更に含むのが好ましい。本発明は、本発明に係るフィルムの作製へのポリマー材料及び添加剤を含む1つ又は複数のマスターバッチの使用にも関する。
EVAの2つの外層とポリエチレンの中間層とを備える3層フィルムを、以下のように調製した。
温度:145℃
真空発生時間:300秒
圧力上昇:30秒
プレス時間:400秒
積層前に第1のフィルムから切り離した後、共押出の前に押出及びペレット化に供したフィルムを層(b)として使用して実施例1を繰り返した。このようにして得られたフィルムを実施例1に従って電池に用い、最初のフィルムと同様に試験を行った。
単層である白色の着色EVA封止材を背面に使用して、実施例1を繰り返した。積層する場合には、かなりの量の白色EVAが透明な前面EVA封止材と混ざり、これにより、光電池の前面に移動し、その一方で、透明な前面EVAのごく一部が、モジュール内に透明な染みを残した状態でモジュールの背面へと流れることがわかった。この望ましくない美的影響に次いで、電池の部分的な被覆は出力の低下をもたらし、それにより白熱光を変換する効率が低下する。
Claims (48)
- 光電池を封止する多層フィルムであって、
(a)少なくとも第1の外側熱可塑性ポリマー層と、
(b)第1の外層と第2の外層との間に配置された熱可塑性ポリマー中間層と、
(c)第2の外側熱可塑性ポリマー層と、
を備え、(a)、(b)又は(c)の少なくとも1つが不透明である、多層フィルム。 - (a)、(b)及び(c)の1つ又は複数、好ましくは少なくとも(a)が透明である、請求項1に記載のフィルム。
- 1つ又は複数の不透明層が拡散反射顔料を含み、ASTM規格E 903に従って決定されるように、30〜500μmの不透明層の厚さにおいて、400〜800nmの範囲の波長の光に対する反射効率が少なくとも75%であり、より好ましくは、50〜250μmの不透明層の厚さにおいて400〜800nmの範囲の波長の光に対する反射効率が少なくとも95%である、請求項2に記載のフィルム。
- 層(a)〜(c)の少なくとも1つがエチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 層(a)〜(c)に用いられる前記エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーの酢酸ビニルに由来する構成単位の含有比率は18質量%以上である、請求項4に記載のフィルム。
- 前記ポリマー層が共押出されて前記フィルムが形成する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 外側ポリマー層の融点T1が、残りのポリマー層の少なくとも1つの融点T2よりも少なくとも10℃低い、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記融点T1が、前記融点T2よりも10℃〜100℃低い、請求項7に記載のフィルム。
- ポリマー層(a)及び(c)の少なくとも一方の融点が、層(b)の融点よりも少なくとも10℃低い、請求項7又は8に記載のフィルム。
- 層(a)〜(c)の少なくとも1つが、ある波長の放射を少なくとも部分的に吸収し、その吸収された放射の波長よりも長い波長で放射を再放出する発光ダウンシフト化合物を含む、請求項8又は9に記載のフィルム。
- 中間層(b)が、任意の官能基を有するポリオレフィン、任意の官能基を有するポリオレフィンコポリマー又はターポリマー;ブタジエン、イソプレン及び/又はブチレン/エチレンコポリマーとの、任意に水素化されたポリスチレンブロックコポリマー(SIS、SBS及び/又はSEBS);メタクリル酸(アイオノマー)等の共重合性官能基を有するモノマーとの、ポリメタクリレートポリアクリレートブロックコポリマー、ポリオレフィン又はオレフィンコポリマーを含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- ポリマー層(b)の融点が、層(a)及び/又は(c)の融点よりも少なくとも10℃〜100℃高い、請求項11に記載のフィルム。
- 層(b)の押出温度Tbでの層(b)のメルトフローインデックスが、層(a)及び/又は(c)の押出温度Ta又はTcでの層(a)及び/又は(c)のMFIに等しいか、又は−2MFI〜+2MFIの範囲内である、請求項11又は12に記載のフィルム。
- 層(b)のMFIが、温度TLにおける層(a)及び/又は(c)のMFIと0.5〜10の範囲で異なり、TLは前記フィルムを備える光電池モジュールの減圧積層法の積層温度であり、TLはTbに等しいか、より高いか又はより低く、TbはTaよりも高い、請求項13に記載のフィルム。
- 層(a)及び/又は(c)のMFIが、TLにおける層(b)のMFIよりも高い、請求項14に記載のフィルム。
- 層(a)又は(c)が、ガラス及び/又は光電池等の、シリコン、金属及び/又は金属酸化物由来の表面との接着を達成するのに十分な量のシラン接着促進剤を含む、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 層(a)、(b)及び/又は(c)が、積層温度TLで活性化される1つ又は複数の架橋システムを更に含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 前記架橋システムが有機過酸化物開始剤を含む、請求項17に記載のフィルム。
- 層(a)、(b)及び(c)が共押出法によって相互に接着する、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 層(a)が未加工の材料を含む、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 層(b)及び/又は(c)が、少なくとも部分的に再生材料を含む、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 層(b)及び/又は(c)が、前記フィルムからトリミングによって除去され、続いてサイズを変更されたエチレン酢酸ビニル材料を少なくとも部分的に含む、請求項21に記載のフィルム。
- 前記層(b)及び/又は(c)は、層(a)よりも少ないシランを含む、請求項20〜22のいずれか一項に記載のフィルム。
- 請求項1〜23のいずれか一項に記載のフィルムを製造する方法であって、(i)封止材として好適な少なくとも第1の熱可塑性ポリマー材料を準備する工程と、(ii)封止材として好適な少なくとも第2の熱可塑性ポリマー材料を準備する工程と、(iii)中間体ポリマー材料として好適な少なくとも第3の熱可塑性ポリマー材料を準備する工程と、(iv)(i)〜(iii)のそれぞれの封止材の少なくとも3層を含むフィルムを共押出する工程とを含む、方法。
- 材料(i)及び(ii)がエチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーを含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 光電池モジュールを作製する方法であって、請求項1〜23のいずれか一項に記載のフィルムを光電池層の前面及び/又は背面に接着し、接着した層を、層(a)及び層(c)の融点を超える、そして、任意に層(b)の融点を超える積層温度TLに加熱することを含む、方法。
- 得られた共押出フィルムを所望の幅及び/又は長さにトリミングし、トリミングしたフィルム材料にサイズの変更を施して、それにより再生フィルム材料を得ることとを更に含む、請求項24又は25に記載の方法。
- 請求項25に記載の方法における層(b)及び/又は(c)の材料として前記再生フィルム材料を用いることを含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜23のいずれか一項に記載のフィルムを備える光電池モジュール。
- 光電池の作製用の多層バックシートフィルムであって、第1の透明な上側の外側封止材層(a)と、該第1の層に隣接する第2の封止材層(b)と、任意の更なる下側の封止材層(c)と、ポリマーフィルム(d)とを備える、多層バックシートフィルム。
- 前記ポリマーフィルムが、二軸配向部分芳香族ポリエステルと、適用可能な場合に該ポリエステルフィルムと前記封止材層(b)又は(c)との接着を向上させる接着促進層とを備える、請求項30に記載のバックシート。
- 層(c)に対して遠位側で層(d)に直接接着したフルオロポリマーを含む保護層(e)を更に備える、請求項30又は31に記載のバックシート。
- 層(b)又は(c)の少なくとも一方が不透明である、請求項30〜32のいずれか一項に記載のバックシート。
- 層(b)及び/又は(c)が拡散反射顔料を含み、ASTM規格E 903に従って決定される400〜800nmの範囲の波長の光に対する反射効率が少なくとも75%である、請求項33に記載のバックシート。
- 前記顔料は、好ましくは、コーティングされた不活性な酸化チタン及び/又はマイカを含む、請求項34に記載のバックシート。
- 層(a)、(b)及び/又は(c)の1つ又は複数がエチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーを含む、請求項30〜35のいずれか一項に記載のバックシート。
- 層(a)、(b)及び/又はに用いられる前記エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーの酢酸ビニルに由来する構成単位の含有比率が18質量%以上である、請求項30〜36のいずれか一項に記載のバックシート。
- 層(b)が、(a)に用いられるエチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーとは異なるエチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマー;ブタジエン、イソプレン及び/又はブチレン/エチレンコポリマーとの、水素化されたポリスチレンブロックコポリマー(SIS、SBS及び/又はSEBS)等のブロックコポリマー;メタクリル酸(アイオノマー)等の共重合性官能化モノマーとの、ポリメタクリレートポリアクリレートブロックコポリマー、ポリオレフィン又はオレフィンコポリマー;任意の官能基を有するポリオレフィンブロックコポリマー、ポリウレタン及び/又はシリコーンポリマーを含む、請求項30〜37のいずれか一項に記載のバックシート。
- 光電池の共押出多層バックシートフィルムを作製する方法であって、
(i)第1の封止材材料(a)を準備することと、
(ii)第2の封止材材料(b)を準備することと、
(iii)任意に、第3の封止材材料(c)を準備することと、
(iv)接着促進層を任意に備えるポリマーフィルム(d)を準備することと、
(v)層(a)が層(b)に接着し、層(b)がフィルム(d)の片側に接着するか、又は適用可能な場合に、層(b)が層(c)の片側に接着し、層(c)がフィルム(d)に接着するように、前記材料(a)、(b)を前記フィルム(d)に対して共押出することと、
を含む、方法。 - 押出機から選別される材料の温度差が、5〜60℃、好ましくは10〜50℃の範囲内である、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 材料(a)、(b)のメルトフローインデックスの差が、押出機温度で0〜5の範囲内である、請求項39又は40に記載の方法。
- 光電池モジュールを作製する方法であって、請求項30〜38のいずれか一項に記載のバックシートを光電池層の背面に接着することを含む、方法。
- 請求項30〜38のいずれか一項に記載の積層されたバックシートを備える光電池モジュール。
- エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマー封止材層を備えるフロントシート及び前面封止材と、前面封止材層及び層(a)に埋め込まれた光電池とを更に備える、請求項43に記載の光電池モジュール。
- 前記フロントシートが、厚さ1.6〜4mmの1つ又は複数のガラス板を含む、請求項44に記載の光電池モジュール。
- 請求項1〜23のいずれか一項に記載のフィルムを作製する方法であって、(i)各々のポリマー層のために、1つ又は複数のマスターバッチポリマー材料を準備する工程と、(ii)前記マスターバッチポリマー材料を、ポリマーシートを形成する層に共押出する工程とを含む、方法。
- ポリマー材料及び添加剤から1つ又は複数のマスターバッチを作製することと、該マスターバッチ材料を共押出に使用される微粒子へと成形することとを更に含む、請求項46に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜23のいずれか一項に記載のフィルムの作製に使用する、ポリマー材料及び添加剤を含む1つ又は複数のマスターバッチの使用。
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JP2015523920A (ja) | 2015-08-20 |
CN104619490B (zh) | 2018-10-09 |
JP6417320B2 (ja) | 2018-11-07 |
US20150144191A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
WO2013171272A3 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
CN104619490A (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
EP2850664B1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
WO2013171275A2 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
US20180323323A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
US20150129018A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
IN2014DN10540A (ja) | 2015-08-21 |
CN108608703A (zh) | 2018-10-02 |
ES2733319T3 (es) | 2019-11-28 |
KR20150020207A (ko) | 2015-02-25 |
TR201909846T4 (tr) | 2019-07-22 |
WO2013171275A3 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
CN108608703B (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
CN104540677A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
EP2849943A2 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
CN104540677B (zh) | 2018-05-22 |
IN2014DN10539A (ja) | 2015-08-21 |
BE1021307B1 (nl) | 2015-10-27 |
BE1021330B1 (nl) | 2015-10-30 |
KR20150013796A (ko) | 2015-02-05 |
WO2013171272A2 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
EP2850664A2 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
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