JP6414597B2 - R−t−b系焼結磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
R−t−b系焼結磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 119
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
まず、本発明では、重希土類元素RHの拡散の対象とするR−T−B系焼結磁石母材を準備する。なお、本明細書では、わかりやすさのため、重希土類元素RHの拡散の対象とするR−T−B系焼結磁石をR−T−B系焼結磁石母材と厳密に称することがあるが、「R−T−B系焼結磁石」の用語はそのような「R−T−B系焼結磁石母材」を含むものとする。このR−T−B系焼結磁石母材は公知のものが使用でき、例えば以下の組成を有する。
希土類元素R:12〜17原子%
B(B(ボロン)の一部はC(カーボン)で置換されていてもよい):5〜8原子%
添加元素M´(Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、In、Sn、Hf、Ta、W、Pb、およびBiからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種):0〜2原子%
T(Feを主とする遷移金属元素であって、Coを含んでもよい)および不可避不純物:残部
ここで、希土類元素Rは、主として軽希土類元素RL(Ndおよび/またはPr)であるが、重希土類元素を含有していてもよい。なお、重希土類元素を含有する場合は、重希土類元素RHであるDy、Tbの少なくとも一方を含むことが好ましい。
拡散助剤としては、RLM合金の粉末を用いる。RLとしてはRH化合物を還元する効果の高い軽希土類元素が適しており、RLはNdおよび/またはPrとする。またMはCu、Fe、Ga、Co、Ni、Alから選ばれる1種以上とする。中でもNd−Cu合金やNd−Al合金を用いると、NdによるRH化合物の還元能力が効果的に発揮され、HcJの向上効果がより高いので好ましい。また、RLM合金はRLを50原子%以上含み、かつ、その融点が熱処理温度以下の合金を用いる。RLM合金はRLを65原子%以上含むことが好ましい。RLの含有割合が50原子%以上のRLM合金は、RLがRH化合物を還元する能力が高く、かつ、融点が熱処理温度以下であるので熱処理時に溶融してRH化合物を効率よく還元し、より高い割合で還元されたRHがR−T−B系焼結磁石中に拡散して少量でも効率よくR−T−B系焼結磁石のHcJを向上させることができる。RLM合金の粉末の粒度は、均一塗布を実現するという観点から、500μm以下が好ましい。RLM合金の粉末の粒度は150μm以下が好ましく、100μm以下がより好ましい。RLM合金粉末の粒度が小さすぎると、酸化しやすく酸化防止の観点から、RLM合金粉末の粒度の下限は5μm程度である。RLM合金の粉末の粒度の典型例は、20〜100μmである。なお、粉末の粒度は、例えば顕微鏡観察によって最も大きい粉末粒子と最も小さい粉末粒子の大きさを求めることによって測定すればよい。また、篩を用いて上限より大きい粉末と下限より小さい粉末を除去して用いることもできる。例えば目開き0.50mmのメッシュを使用して粉末を篩にかければ、粉末の粒度を500μm以下に調整できる。
拡散剤としては、RH化合物(RHはDyおよび/またはTb、RH化合物はRHフッ化物、RH酸化物、RH酸フッ化物から選ばれる1種または2種以上)の粉末を用いる。RH化合物粉末はRLM合金粉末よりも質量比率で等しいか少ないため、RH化合物粉末を均一に塗布するには、RH化合物粉末の粒度が小さいことが好ましい。本発明者の検討によれば、RH化合物の粉末の粒度は凝集した2次粒子の大きさにおいて20μm以下が好ましく、10μm以下がより好ましい。小さいものは1次粒子で数μm程度である。
拡散剤と拡散助剤をR−T−B系焼結磁石表面に存在させる方法、すなわち、磁石側から順に、少なくとも1粒子層以上のRLM合金粉末粒子層と、RH化合物粉末粒子層と、を存在させた状態にする方法は特に限定されず、どのような方法であってもよい。例えば、R−T−B系焼結磁石表面に、RLM合金粉末とバインダおよび/または純水や有機溶剤などの溶媒を混合して作製したスラリーを塗布し、必要に応じて乾燥した後、その上にRH化合物粉末とバインダおよび/または溶媒を混合して作製したスラリーを塗布する方法であってもよい。すなわち、RLM合金粉末粒子層と、RH化合物粉末粒子層とを別々に塗布形成する方法があげられる。
(1)RLM合金の粉末と、RH化合物粉末またはRLM合金粉末とRH化合物粉末の混合粉末を、順次R−T−B系焼結磁石の表面に散布する方法。
(2)まず、RLM合金の粉末とバインダおよび/または溶媒を均一に混合して作製したスラリーをR−T−B系焼結磁石の表面に塗布後乾燥する。さらにその上に、RH化合物粉末またはRLM合金粉末とRH化合物粉末の混合粉末とバインダおよび/または溶媒を均一に混合して作製したスラリーを塗布する方法。
(3)まず、RLM合金の粉末を純水や有機溶剤などの溶媒に分散させた溶液にR−T−B系焼結磁石を浸漬して引き上げて乾燥する。さらに、乾燥後のR−T−B系焼結磁石を、RH化合物粉末、またはRLM合金粉末とRH化合物粉末との混合粉末を純水や有機溶剤などの溶媒に分散させた溶液に浸漬して引き上げる方法。
RLM合金の粉末とRH化合物の粉末とをR−T−B系焼結磁石の表面に存在させた状態で熱処理を行う。なお、熱処理の開始後、RLM合金の粉末は溶融するため、RLM合金が熱処理中に常に「粉末」の状態を維持する必要は無い。熱処理の雰囲気は真空または不活性ガス雰囲気が好ましい。熱処理温度はR−T−B系焼結磁石の焼結温度以下(具体的には例えば1000℃以下)であり、かつ、RLM合金の融点よりも高い温度である。熱処理時間は例えば10分〜72時間である。また前記熱処理の後必要に応じてさらに400〜700℃で10分〜72時間の熱処理を行ってもよい。なお、処理容器とR−T−B系焼結磁石の溶着を防止するため、処理容器の底面またはR−T−B系焼結磁石を載置する台板にY2O3、ZrO2、Nd2O3などを塗布または散布してもよい。
まず、公知の方法で、組成比Nd=13.4、B=5.8、Al=0.5、Cu=0.1、Co=1.1、残部=Fe(原子%)のR−T−B系焼結磁石を作製した。これを機械加工することにより、6.9mm×7.4mm×7.4mmのR−T−B系焼結磁石母材を得た。得られたR−T−B系焼結磁石母材の磁気特性をB−Hトレーサーによって測定したところ、HcJは1035kA/m、Brは1.45Tであった。なお、後述の通り、熱処理後のR−T−B系焼結磁石の磁気特性は、R−T−B系焼結磁石の表面を機械加工にて除去してから測定するので、R−T−B系焼結磁石母材もそれに合わせて、表面をさらにそれぞれ0.2mmずつ機械加工にて除去し、大きさ6.5mm×7.0mm×7.0mmとしてから測定した。なお、別途R−T−B系焼結磁石母材の不純物量をガス分析装置によって測定したところ、酸素が760質量ppm、窒素が490質量ppm、炭素が905質量ppmであった。
実験例1と同じR−T−B系焼結磁石母材を用意した。次に表4に示す組成の拡散助剤と粒度20μm以下のTbF3粉末またはDyF3粉末を用意し、それぞれポリビニルアルコール5質量%水溶液と混合して拡散助剤のスラリーおよび拡散剤のスラリーを得た。
表6に示す組成の拡散助剤を使用し表6で示す混合質量比でTbF3粉末と混合した混合粉末を用いること以外は実験例1と同様にしてサンプル15〜22、38、39、115〜122、138,139を得た。得られたサンプル15〜22、38、39、115〜122、138,139の磁気特性をB−Hトレーサーによって測定し、HcJとBrの変化量を求めた。結果を表7に示す。
表8に示す組成の拡散助剤を使用し、拡散助剤と拡散剤の質量比およびR−T−B系焼結磁石表面(拡散面)1mm2あたりのRH量が表8の値となるように塗布したこと以外は実験例2と同様にしてサンプル23〜28、123〜128を得た。サンプル26、126は、実験例1において好ましい結果が得られなかったサンプル1(本発明で規定する質量比率よりもRH化合物が多いもの)と同じ拡散助剤と拡散剤、質量比で、R−T−B系焼結磁石表面(拡散面)1mm2あたりのRH量を表8に示す値に増やしたものであり、サンプル27、127は、実験例3において好ましい結果が得られなかったサンプル18、118(RLが50原子%未満の拡散助剤を使用したもの)と同じ拡散助剤と拡散剤、質量比で、R−T−B系焼結磁石表面(拡散面)1mm2あたりのRH量を表8に示す値に増やしたものであり、サンプル28、128は拡散助剤としてRHM合金を用いたものである。得られたサンプル23〜28、123〜128の磁気特性をB−Hトレーサーによって測定し、HcJとBrの変化量を求めた。結果を表9に示す。なお、それぞれの表には比較対象の実施例としてサンプル5の値を示している。
組成がNd70Cu30(原子%)の拡散助剤とTbF3粉末(拡散剤)を、拡散助剤:拡散剤が9:1となるように混合してスラリーを作製し、表10に示す条件で熱処理を行ったこと以外は、実験例1と同様にしてサンプル29〜31、129〜131を得た。得られたサンプル29〜31、129〜131の磁気特性をB−Hトレーサーによって測定し、HcJとBrの変化量を求めた。結果を表11に示す。
R−T−B系焼結磁石母材を表12に示す組成、焼結温度、不純物量、および磁気特性のものとしたこと以外はサンプル5と同様にしてサンプル32〜35、サンプル105と同様にしてサンプル132〜135を得た。得られたサンプル32〜35、132〜135の磁気特性をB−Hトレーサーによって測定し、HcJとBrの変化量を求めた。結果を表13に示す。
拡散剤として粒度20μm以下のTb4O7粉末を使用したこと以外はサンプル6、サンプル19と同様にして、それぞれサンプル36、37を得た。得られたサンプル36、37の磁気特性をB−Hトレーサーによって測定し、HcJとBrの変化量を求めた。また、それぞれのサンプルを熱処理炉から取り出した際のMo板との溶着の有無を評価した。結果を表15に示す。
酸フッ化物を含有する拡散剤を使用し、表16に示す拡散助剤と表16に示す混合質量比で混合した混合粉末を用いること以外は、実験例1と同様にしてサンプル40を得た。得られたサンプル40の磁気特性をB−Hトレーサーによって測定し、HcJとBrの変化量を求めた。結果を表17に示す。表17には、比較のため、拡散剤としてTbF3を用いて同じ条件で作製したサンプル4の結果も示している。
拡散助剤を常温大気中に50日間放置することにより、表面を酸化させた拡散助剤を用意した。この点以外はサンプル5と同様にしてサンプル41を、同じくサンプル105と同様にしてサンプル140を作製した。なお、50日間の放置後の拡散助剤は黒く変色し、放置前に670ppmであった酸素含有量が4700ppmに上昇した。
Claims (5)
- R−T−B系焼結磁石を用意する工程と、
前記R−T−B系焼結磁石の表面に、磁石側から順に、少なくとも1粒子層以上のRLM合金(RLはNdおよび/またはPr、MはCu、Fe、Ga、Co、Ni、Alから選ばれる1種以上の元素)粉末粒子層と、RH化合物(RHはDyおよび/またはTb、RH化合物はRHフッ化物、RH酸化物、RH酸フッ化物から選ばれる1種または2種以上)粉末粒子層と、を存在させた状態でR−T−B系焼結磁石の焼結温度以下で熱処理する工程を含み、
前記RLM合金はRLを50原子%以上含み、かつ、前記RLM合金の融点は前記熱処理の温度以下であり、
前記熱処理は、前記RLM合金の粉末と前記RH化合物の粉末とが、RLM合金:RH化合物=9.6:0.4〜5:5の質量比率で前記R−T−B系焼結磁石の表面に存在する状態で行われる、R−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 前記R−T−B系焼結磁石の表面において、前記RH化合物の粉末に含まれるRHの質量は、前記表面の1mm2あたりで0.03〜0.35mgである請求項1に記載のR−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記R−T−B系焼結磁石の表面に少なくとも1粒子層以上のRLM合金粉末粒子層を塗布し、続いてRH化合物粉末粒子層を塗布する工程を含む、請求項1または2に記載のR−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記R−T−B系焼結磁石の上面の表面にRLM合金粉末とRH化合物粉末の混合粉末とバインダおよび/または溶媒を含むスラリーを塗布し、R−T−B系焼結磁石の前記表面に1粒子層以上のRLM合金粉末粒子層を形成する、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のR−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記RH化合物はRHフッ化物および/またはRH酸フッ化物である、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のR−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
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JP6414592B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-29 | 2018-10-31 | 日立金属株式会社 | R−t−b系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
EP3193346A4 (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2018-05-23 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Production method for r-t-b sintered magnet |
CN107004500B (zh) * | 2014-12-12 | 2019-04-09 | 日立金属株式会社 | R-t-b系烧结磁体的制造方法 |
CN107004499B (zh) * | 2014-12-12 | 2019-04-16 | 日立金属株式会社 | R-t-b系烧结磁体的制造方法 |
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- 2015-09-08 CN CN201580048790.3A patent/CN106688065B/zh active Active
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CN106688065A (zh) | 2017-05-17 |
EP3193347A4 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
US20170263380A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
CN106688065B (zh) | 2019-05-31 |
US10510483B2 (en) | 2019-12-17 |
WO2016039352A1 (ja) | 2016-03-17 |
EP3193347A1 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
JPWO2016039352A1 (ja) | 2017-06-22 |
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