JP6374117B2 - セルロースナノ繊維分離膜を含む電気化学素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
セルロースナノ繊維分離膜を含む電気化学素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6374117B2 JP6374117B2 JP2017536501A JP2017536501A JP6374117B2 JP 6374117 B2 JP6374117 B2 JP 6374117B2 JP 2017536501 A JP2017536501 A JP 2017536501A JP 2017536501 A JP2017536501 A JP 2017536501A JP 6374117 B2 JP6374117 B2 JP 6374117B2
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Description
本発明による電極−分離膜結合体は、活物質及びナノ繊維構造の導電材の複合体を含む電極と;前記電極と結合されたセルロースナノ繊維分離膜と;を備えることができる。
本発明による電気化学素子は、前述した電極−分離膜結合体を含むことができる。
|Vc1−Vc2|≦0.02
|Vdc1−Vdc2|≦0.01
本発明は、活物質、ナノ繊維構造の導電材、溶媒及び分散剤を混合し、電極混合物を製造する段階と;前記電極混合物をセルロースナノ繊維分離膜に濾過し、電極と結合された構造の分離膜を形成する段階と;を備える電気化学素子の製造方法を提供する。
(1)電極混合物の製造
陽極活物質としては、平均粒径500nmサイズのLiFePO4、陰極活物質としては、平均粒径300nmサイズのLi4Ti5O12、ナノ繊維形態の導電材としては、炭素ナノ繊維を使用した。炭素ナノ繊維の均一な分散のための分散剤として、SDBS(sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate)を使用した。まず、蒸留水に1重量%の分散剤を添加した溶液を製造し、陽極または陰極活物質とカーボンナノチューブを85:15重量比で前記溶液に添加し、電極(陽極または陰極)混合物を製造した。均一な分散効果のために、前記電極混合物を1時間超音波処理を通じて分散し、電極混合物を製造した。
セルロース粉末(平均粒径〜45μm、KC flock、Nippon Paper Chemials)を2重量%の水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)水溶液に入れ、1時間強く撹拌させた後、ホモジナイザー(M−1100EH−30、Microfluidics、USA)を12回通過させて、セルロースナノ繊維分散溶液を製造した。製造されたセルロースナノ繊維分散溶液を磁器製ブフナー漏斗(porcelain Buchner funnel)上に載置した濾紙の上に注いだ後、真空ポンプで減圧濾過し、分離膜を製造した。
製造した分離膜の上に、前記(1)で製造された電極混合物を注いだ後、減圧濾過し、エタノールとアセトンで交互に減圧濾過した後、−95℃、5X10−3torr条件で凍結乾燥した後、100℃で12時間乾燥し、水分を除去し、分離膜−電極合体を製造した。
前記(1)〜(3)を通じて製造された分離膜−陽極結合体及び分離膜−陰極結合体を重ね、液体電解液(1M LiPF6 in EC/DEC(1/1v/v))を注入し、電極と結合されたセルロースナノ繊維分離膜を含むリチウム二次電池を製造した。
(1)電極混合物の製造
陽極活物質としては、平均粒径500nmサイズのLiFePO4、陰極活物質としては、平均粒径300nmサイズのLi4Ti5O12、導電材としては、カーボンブラックを使用した。バインダーとしては、ポリビニリデンフルオライド(polyvinylidene fluoride、PVDF)を、溶剤であるN−メチル−2ピロリドン(NMP)に添加し、電極スラリーを製造した。この際、陽極及び陰極スラリーの固形分の組成は、重量比で陽極活物質:導電材:バインダー=80:10:10、陰極活物質:導電材:バインダー=88:2:10にした。前記電極スラリーを、厚さが20μmのアルミニウム集電体に塗布及び乾燥し、陽極を製造した後、ロ−ルプレス(roll press)を実施し、電極を製造した。
前記のように製造された陽極、陰極、ポリオレフィン系分離膜であるポリエチレン分離膜及び液体電解液(1M LiPF6 in EC/DEC(1/1v/v))を利用してリチウム二次電池を製造した。
本発明による電極−分離膜結合体の界面安定性、柔軟性、気孔度及び電子伝導度を評価するための実験を行った。
本発明による電極−分離膜結合体の柔軟性を評価するために、前記実施例を対象として多様な実験を行い、その結果は、図5に示した。図5を参照すると、本発明による電極−分離膜結合体は、結び目を作ることができるほどに優れた水準の柔軟性を示し、液体電解液(1M LiPF6 in EC/DEC(1/1v/v))に浸された状態でも、繰り返し的が曲げが可能な水準の柔軟性を示すことを確認した。
本発明による電極−分離膜結合体の耐熱性を評価するための実験を行った。
まず、実施例及び比較例により製造された電池にそれぞれ充電状態でランプを連結し、30分間150℃の温度に露出させた。その結果は、図6に写真で示した。図6を参照すれば、本発明による実施例Aは、ランプがオフされずに作動をしたが、比較例Bは作動しなかった。
本発明による電極−分離膜結合体の気孔度及び電子伝導度を評価するための実験を行った。
まず、ブタノール(n−butanol)に含浸前後の重さ変化を測定し、実施例及び比較例の気孔度を測定した。また、実施例及び比較例の電子伝導度は、四探針法(4−point probe)を利用して測定した。
前記実施例及び比較例により製造された電池の繰り返し的な曲げによる電池の充放電特性を評価するための実験を行った。
前記実施例及び比較例から製造された電池のサイクル特性を評価するための実験を行った。
電池サイクル特性は、200サイクルまで2.0Cの電流速度で充電及び放電を進行し、以後、10Cの充電及び放電電流速度で300サイクルを進行した。
前記実施例及び比較例から製造された電池の率別充放電特性を評価するための実験を行った。
まず、率別充電特性は、0.5〜20Cの電流速度で充電した後、0.5Cの電流速度で放電し、電池の放電容量を評価し、率別放電特性は、0.5Cの一定の充電電流の下で、0.5〜50Cの電流速度で放電し、電池の放電容量を評価した。結果は、図14に示した。図14で、CRは、充電時の率別特性であり、DRは、放電時の率別特性である。図14より、実施例の率別放電及び充電特性が比較例に比べて顕著に優れていることが分かった。
前記実施例及び比較例の高温露出前後による外観及び寸法安定性を評価するための実験を行った。
Claims (12)
- 活物質及びナノ繊維構造の導電材の複合体を含む電極と;
前記電極と結合されたセルロースナノ繊維分離膜と;を備え、
前記電極はバインダー及び電極集電体を含まないことを特徴とする電極−分離膜結合体。 - 単位面積当たりの重さが30mg/cm2以下である、請求項1に記載の電極−分離膜結合体。
- 分離膜の平均厚さは、0.01〜500μmである、請求項1又は2に記載の電極−分離膜結合体。
- 電極の平均厚さは、0.01〜500μmである、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電極−分離膜結合体。
- 活物質は、
リチウムニッケル系酸化物、リチウムコバルト系酸化物、リチウムニッケルマンガン系酸化物、リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン系酸化物、リチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム系酸化物、リチウムリン酸鉄系酸化物、リチウム金属、リチウム金属の合金及び遷移金属酸化物よりなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の電極−分離膜結合体。 - ナノ繊維構造の導電材は、
炭素ナノ繊維、炭素ナノチューブ、銅、ニッケル、アルミニウム、銀、ポリフェニレン誘導体よりなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の電極−分離膜結合体。 - 分離膜は、無機粒子を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の電極−分離膜結合体。
- 無機粒子は、
SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2、BaTiO3、Li2O、LiF、LiOH、Li3N、BaO、Na2O、Li2CO3、CaCO3、LiAlO2、SrTiO3、SnO2、CeO2、MgO、NiO、CaO、ZnO、ZrO2及びSiCよりなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項7に記載の電極−分離膜結合体。 - 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の電極−分離膜結合体を備える電気化学素子。
- 充電時に下記数式1を満足する、請求項9に記載の電気化学素子:
[数式1]
|Vc1−Vc2|≦0.02
ここで、Vc1は、電池を曲げた曲律半径が2.5mmであるときの電圧であり、
Vc2は、電池を曲げない状態で測定した電圧である。 - 放電時に下記数式2を満足する、請求項9に記載の電気化学素子:
[数式2]
|Vdc1−Vdc2|≦0.01
ここで、Vdc1は、電池を曲げた曲律半径が2.5mmであるときの電圧であり、
Vdc2は、電池を曲げない状態で測定した電圧である。 - 活物質、ナノ繊維構造の導電材、溶媒及び分散剤を混合し、電極混合物を製造する段階と;
前記電極混合物をセルロースナノ繊維分離膜に濾過し、電極と結合された構造の分離膜を形成する段階と;を備え、
前記電極はバインダー及び電極集電体を含まないことを特徴とする電気化学素子の製造方法。
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