JP6689885B2 - 3次元網構造形態の電気化学素子用電極、その製造方法およびこれを含む電気化学素子 - Google Patents
3次元網構造形態の電気化学素子用電極、その製造方法およびこれを含む電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 47
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polyphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002749 Bacterial cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005016 bacterial cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006257 cathode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L congo red Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=CC2=C(N)C(/N=N/C3=CC=C(C=C3)C3=CC=C(C=C3)/N=N/C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C(=C3)S([O-])(=O)=O)N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C21 IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001044 red dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0583—Construction or manufacture of accumulators with folded construction elements except wound ones, i.e. folded positive or negative electrodes or separators, e.g. with "Z"-shaped electrodes or separators
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Description
1−1.電極混合物の製造
セルロース粉末(平均粒度〜45μm、KC flock、Nippon Paper Chemials)を2重量%の水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)水溶液に入れ、1時間撹拌した後、ホモジナイザー(M−1100EH−30、Microfluidics、USA)に12回通過させて、セルロース繊維が分散した分散溶液を製造した。
製造した電極混合物の分散溶液を磁器製のブフナー漏斗(pcelain Buchner funnel)上に載置した濾過紙の上に注いだ後、真空ポンプで減圧濾過し、シートを製造した。製造したシートにエタノールとアセトンで交互に減圧濾過した後、−95℃、5x10−3torr条件で凍結乾燥した後、100℃で12時間乾燥し、水分を除去した。これにより、3次元網構造である陽極と陰極電極をそれぞれ製造した。
電極活物質、導電材およびセルロース繊維の含量を下記表1のように異ならしめたことを除いて、実施例1と同じ方法で電極を製造した。下記表1に記載された数値の単位は、重量部である。
炭素ナノチューブの均一な分散のための分散剤として、SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate)の代わりに、SDBS(Sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate)を使用したことを除いて、製造例1と同一に電極を製造した。
炭素ナノチューブの均一な分散のための分散剤として、SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate)とともに尿素(urea)を1:1の比率(体積比)で使用したことを除いて、製造例1と同一に電極を製造した。
セルロース繊維を添加しないことを除いて、製造例1と同じ方法で電極を製造した。
電極の活物質としては、前記実施例1と同じ物質を使用し、導電材として、カーボンブラックを使用し、バインダーとして、ポリビニリデンフルオライド(polyvinylidene fluoride、PVDF)を使用し、溶剤であるN−メチル−2ピロリドン(NMP)に添加し、電極スラリーを製造した。この際、陽極および陰極スラリーの固形分の組成は、重量比で陽極活物質:導電材:バインダー=80:10:10、陰極活物質:導電材:バインダー=88:2:10にした。製造された電極スラリーを、厚さ21μmのアルミニウム金属集電体に塗布および乾燥を進行した後、ロールプレス(roll press)を実施し、電極を製造した。
製造例1で濾過過程を進行する前の電極混合物に対して、顕微鏡分析を通じて分散程度を観察した。コンゴレッド(Congo Red)染料を添加し、セルロース繊維は、赤い色で染色し、顕微鏡による分析が容易にした。
製造例1で製造された電極に対して電子顕微鏡を利用して観察した。観察結果は、図3に示した。
製造例1により製造された電極の密着性を評価するために、図4に示されたような方法でテーピングテストを行った。
製造例1で製造された電極の柔軟性を評価するために、曲げ特性、ねじり特性、折り畳み特性を評価した。
製造例1で製造された電極を利用して、陽極/セルロース基盤分離膜/陰極を順次に積み重ねて、液体電解液(1M LiPF6 in EC/DEC(1/1、v/v))を注入し、電池をそれぞれ製造した。
製造例2〜7で製造された電極を利用して、陽極/セルロース基盤分離膜/陰極を順次に積み重ねて、液体電解液(1M LiPF6 in EC/DEC(1/1、v/v))を注入し、電池をそれぞれ製造した。
比較製造例1で製造された電極を利用して、陽極/セルロース基盤分離膜/陰極を順次に積み重ねて、液体電解液(1M LiPF6 in EC/DEC(1/1、v/v))を注入し、電池をそれぞれ製造した。
比較製造例2で製造された電極、ポリオレフィン系の分離膜であるポリエチレン分離膜および液体電解液(1M LiPF6 in EC/DEC(1/1、v/v))を利用して電池を製造した。
実施例1および比較例2でそれぞれ製造された電池に対して、電極面積当たりの容量を評価した。評価結果は、図8に示した。
実施例1および比較例2で製造された各電池に対する性能評価のために、サイクル特性および率別放電特性を観察した。
実施例1の電池に対して折り畳み特性を評価した。具体的には、前記電池を折り紙の折り方により折鶴の形に折った状態でLEDランプと接続し、作動可否を確認した。また、製造された電池に対して0.2Cの一定の電流速度で充電/放電実験を進行し、容量の変化を確認した。
20 炭素ナノチューブ
30 活物質
Claims (17)
- セルロース繊維と、厚さに対する長さの比L/Dが平均50以上である導電材とを含む網構造と;
前記網構造内に分散した活物質と;を含む電気化学素子用電極であって、
前記網構造は、前記セルロース繊維と導電材とが絡み合った状態でネットワークを形成している3次元構造であり、
前記導電材は、繊維の形状であり、前記繊維の形状の導電材は、平均直径が0.001〜100μmである、電気化学素子用電極。 - 前記電気化学素子用電極は、
セルロース繊維と導電材により形成された網構造内に活物質が分散し、3次元構造を形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用電極。 - 前記電気化学素子用電極は、
セルロース繊維、導電材および活物質が分散した状態の多孔性構造を形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用電極。 - 前記電極は、セルロース繊維と導電材により形成された網構造内に活物質が分散した構造が2〜10回積層された多層構造であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用電極。
- 活物質の含量は、電極全体100重量部を基準として50〜95重量部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用電極。
- セルロース繊維と導電材の含量比率は、1:2〜1:5の重量比であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用電極。
- セルロース繊維の平均直径は、10〜1,000nmの範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用電極。
- 導電材は、
炭素繊維、グラフェン、炭素ナノチューブおよび炭素リボンのうち1種以上の炭素系物質と;
銅、ニッケルおよびアルミニウムのうち1種以上の金属;および
ポリフェニレンおよびポリフェニレン誘導体のうち1種以上の導電性ポリマー
よりなる群から選択される1種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用電極。 - セルロース繊維と、厚さに対する長さの比L/Dが平均50以上である導電材と、活物質とを含む混合溶液を製造する段階と;
前記混合溶液を濾過する段階と;を含む電気化学素子用電極の製造方法であって、
前記電気化学素子用電極は、セルロース繊維と導電材とを含む網構造を含み、
前記網構造は、前記セルロース繊維と導電材とが絡み合った状態でネットワークを形成している3次元構造であり、
前記導電材は、繊維の形状であり、前記繊維の形状の導電材は、平均直径が0.001〜100μmである、電気化学素子用電極の製造方法。 - 前記混合溶液に含まれたセルロース繊維、導電材および活物質の比率は、1:2〜5:10〜25の重量比であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の電気化学素子用電極の製造方法。
- セルロース繊維、導電材および活物質を含む混合溶液を製造する段階の後に、前記混合溶液に超音波処理およびボールミーリングのうち1種以上の工程を行う段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の電気化学素子用電極の製造方法。
- 前記混合溶液を濾過する段階は、
減圧濾過を通じて行うことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の電気化学素子用電極の製造方法。 - 製造された電極を2〜5回積層する段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の電気化学素子用電極の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の電極を含む電気化学素子。
- 第1電極と第2電極との間に介在された分離膜として、セルロース分離膜を含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記電気化学素子は、フレキシブル(flexible)素子であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記電気化学素子は、二次電池、キャパシタまたは太陽電池であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の電気化学素子。
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