JP6345659B2 - 非水電解質二次電池用正極、および非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用正極、および非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6345659B2 JP6345659B2 JP2015523938A JP2015523938A JP6345659B2 JP 6345659 B2 JP6345659 B2 JP 6345659B2 JP 2015523938 A JP2015523938 A JP 2015523938A JP 2015523938 A JP2015523938 A JP 2015523938A JP 6345659 B2 JP6345659 B2 JP 6345659B2
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- secondary battery
- nonaqueous electrolyte
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Images
Classifications
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Description
dca=(m1−mc)/(l1−lc)
<正極の作製>
正極活物質であるLiCo0.98Al0.008Mg0.008Ti0.004O2:96.9質量部、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック:1.5質量部および結着剤であるVDF−CTFE:1.6質量部を混合して正極合剤とし、この正極合剤に、溶剤であるNMPを加え、エム・テクニック社製の「クレアミックス CLM0.8(商品名)」を用いて、回転数:10000min−1で30分間処理を行い、ペースト状の混合物とした。この混合物に、溶剤であるNMPを更に加えて、回転数:10000min−1で15分間処理を行い、正極合剤含有組成物を調製した。
天然黒鉛:97.5質量%(平均粒子径:19.3μm)、SBR:1.5質量%、およびカルボキシメチルセルロース(増粘剤):1質量%を、水を用いて混合してスラリー状の負極合剤含有組成物を調製した。この負極合剤含有組成物を、集電体である銅箔(厚み:6μm)の両面に塗布し、120℃で12時間真空乾燥を施し、更にプレス処理を施して、集電体の両面に、厚みが73μmの負極合剤層を有する負極を作製した。
前記の正極と負極とをセパレータ(厚みが14μmで、透気度が300秒/100cm3のポリエチレン製多孔膜)を介して重ね合わせ、渦巻状に巻回した後、横断面が扁平状になるように押しつぶして扁平状巻回電極体を作製した。
メチルエチルカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートとエチレンカーボネートとの混合溶媒(体積比 2:1:3)に、1.2mol/lの濃度でLiPF6を溶解し、これにビニレンカーボネート:2質量%、ビニルエチレンカーボネート:1質量%を加えて非水電解液(非水電解質)を調製した。
外寸が厚さ4.0mm、幅34mm、高さ50mmのアルミニウム合金製の角形の電池ケースに前記の電極体を挿入し、リード体の溶接を行うとともに、アルミニウム合金製の蓋板を電池ケースの開口端部に溶接した。その後、蓋板に設けた注入口から前記の非水電解液を注入し、1時間静置した後注入口を封止して、図1に示す構造で、図2に示す外観の角形非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質であるLiCo0.98Al0.008Mg0.008Ti0.004O2:97.1質量部、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック:1.5質量部、並びに結着剤であるVDF−CTFE:1.0質量部およびPVDF:0.4質量部を混合して正極合剤とし、この正極合剤を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極合剤含有組成物を調製した
正極活物質であるLiCo0.98Al0.008Mg0.008Ti0.004O2:97.3量部、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック:1.5質量部、並びに結着剤であるVDF−CTFE:0.6質量部およびPVDF:0.6質量部を混合して正極合剤とし、この正極合剤を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極合剤含有組成物を調製した。
正極活物質であるLiCo0.98Al0.008Mg0.008Ti0.004O2:97.5質量部、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック:1.5質量部、並びに結着剤であるVDF−CTFE:0.2質量部およびPVDF:0.8質量部を混合して正極合剤とし、この正極合剤を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極合剤含有組成物を調製した。
正極活物質であるLiCo0.98Al0.008Mg0.008Ti0.004O2:96.9質量部、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック:1.5質量部、並びに結着剤であるVDF−CTFE:0.4質量部およびPVDF:1.2質量部を混合して正極合剤とし、この正極合剤を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極合剤含有組成物を調製した。
正極活物質であるLiCo0.98Al0.008Mg0.008Ti0.004O2:97.3質量部、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック:1.5質量部および結着剤であるVDF−CTFE:1.2質量部を混合して正極合剤とし、この正極合剤を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極合剤含有組成物を調製した。
実施例1で負極活物質として用いたものと同じ天然黒鉛と、天然黒鉛の表面に非晶質炭素を担持した平均粒子径が10μmの表面処理炭素材料とを、1:1の質量比で混合して混合物を得た。この混合物(負極活物質):97.5質量%、SBR:1.5質量%、およびカルボキシメチルセルロース(増粘剤):1質量%を、水を用いて混合してスラリー状の負極合剤含有組成物を調製した。この負極合剤含有組成物を、実施例1と同様に、集電体である銅箔(厚み:86μm)の両面に塗布し、120℃で12時間真空乾燥を施し、更にプレス処理を施して、集電体の両面に、厚みが73μmの負極合剤層を有する負極を作製した。
正極の集電体を、厚みが15.0μmで引張強度が3.8N/mmのアルミニウム合金箔(1100)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極を作製し、この正極を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして角形非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質であるLiCo0.98Al0.008Mg0.008Ti0.004O2:96.9質量部、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック:1.5質量部および結着剤であるPVDF:1.6質量部を混合して正極合剤とし、この正極合剤を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極合剤含有組成物を調製した。
正極の集電体を、厚みが10.0μmで引張強度が2.2N/mmのアルミニウム合金箔(A1N30)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極を作製し、この正極を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして角形非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
比較例2で調製したものと同じ正極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製し、この正極を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして角形非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極の両面塗布部分(集電体の両面に正極合剤層を形成した部分)を長尺方向に5cm、幅方向に4cmに切り出して試験片とし、この試験片長尺側の末端から15mmの位置を巻回電極体作製時の折り曲げる方向と同じ向きに折り曲げた。試験片の折り曲げた箇所に200gfの荷重を均一に加えた後に開いた試験片の両端を、引張試験機(今田製作所社製「SDT−52型」)の治具で挟んでセットし、クロスヘッド速度50mm/分で引張試験を行って、試験片の折り曲げ箇所が破断したときの強度を折り曲げ強度とした。この折り曲げ強度が大きいほど、扁平状巻回電極体の形成時に正極集電体の破れを良好に抑制できることから、非水電解質二次電池の生産性をより高め得ると評価できる。
正極の両面塗布部分を長尺方向に10cm、幅方向に1cmに切り出して得た試料を、両面テープ(ニチバン社製「ナイスタックNW−15」)の一方の面に接着し、両面テープの他方の面を、図3に示すように、90°剥離試験機(テスター産業社製「TE−3001」)の試料設置面100に接着させた。前記の試料(正極1)の試料設置面100に接着させた側とは反対側の端部を90°剥離試験機の治具101で挟み、試料設置面100に対して90°の角度で剥離速度50mm/minにて長尺方向(図中矢印の方向)に試料1を引っ張って正極合剤層と集電体とを剥がし、その際の強度を測定した。この剥離強度が大きいほど、正極合剤層からの正極活物質や導電助剤の脱落を良好に抑制できることから、より信頼性の高い電池を形成し得ると評価できる。
実施例および比較例の各電池について、室温で4.35Vまで0.2Cの定電流で充電後、総充電時間が8時間となるまで定電圧充電し、続いて室温で0.2Cで電池電圧が3.3Vまで定電流放電を行って、そのときの放電容量を求めた。なお、実施例1の電池については、充電時の上限電圧を4.2Vとした以外は前記と同じ条件での放電容量測定も行った。
実施例および比較例の各電池について、環境温度を45℃とした以外は前記の放電容量測定時と同じ条件で行う定電流−定電圧充電および定電流放電の一連の操作を1サイクルとして、これらを多数繰り返し、放電容量が1サイクル目の放電容量の60%以上であったサイクル数を求めた。なお、実施例1の電池については、充電時の上限電圧を4.2Vとした以外は前記と同じ条件でのサイクル数測定も行った。
2 負極
3 セパレータ
Claims (7)
- 正極、負極およびセパレータを重ねて渦巻状に巻回し、横断面を扁平状にした巻回電極体と、非水電解質とを有し、充電の上限電圧が4.3V以上に設定される非水電解質二次電池に使用される正極であって、
金属製の集電体と、前記集電体の両面に形成された、正極活物質、導電助剤および結着剤を含有する正極合剤層とを有しており、
前記集電体は、厚みが11μm以下であり、かつ引張強度が2.5N/mm以上であり、
前記正極合剤層は、前記結着剤として、フッ化ビニリデン−クロロトリフルオロエチレンコポリマーを含有していることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池用正極。 - 前記集電体の厚みが6μm以上である請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極合剤層における前記結着剤の含有量が1〜1.6質量%であり、かつ前記結着剤全量中の前記フッ化ビニリデン−クロロトリフルオロエチレンコポリマーの割合が20質量%以上である請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極。
- 前記正極合剤層の充填率が75%以上である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極。
- 正極、負極およびセパレータを重ねて渦巻状に巻回し、横断面を扁平状にした巻回電極体と、非水電解質とを有する非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極が、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極であり、
充電の上限電圧が4.3V以上に設定されたものであることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記負極が、負極活物質として、黒鉛の表面に非晶質炭素を担持した、平均粒子径が8〜18μmの炭素材料を含有している請求項5に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 角筒形の外装缶を有している請求項5または6に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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