JP6315622B2 - 車両 - Google Patents
車両 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6315622B2 JP6315622B2 JP2016041934A JP2016041934A JP6315622B2 JP 6315622 B2 JP6315622 B2 JP 6315622B2 JP 2016041934 A JP2016041934 A JP 2016041934A JP 2016041934 A JP2016041934 A JP 2016041934A JP 6315622 B2 JP6315622 B2 JP 6315622B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rotating electrical
- electrical machine
- voltage
- vehicle
- power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Description
昇圧電圧を制御することによって、運転範囲の拡大・縮小を制御することができるため、回転電機の温度又は駆動装置の温度が閾値温度を上回ったときには、昇圧電圧を低下させることで、回転電機に供給する相電流を小さくすることができる(すなわち、電流が小さくなるように運転点を移行させることができる)ため、運転点を移行させる際の制御の複雑化を抑制することができる。
図1は、この実施形態に係る車両(自車両ともいう。)10の概略構成を示すブロック図である。
ここで、基本的には以上のように構成される車両10の第1モータジェネレータMG1に係わる非効率制御(後述するように、主に正のd軸電流Idをモータジェネレータに印加する制御であって、強め界磁制御ともいう。)の基本的な動作について図4を参照して説明する。
Id2+Iq2≦Ia2 …(1)
Vd=0×Id+(−ωLq)×Iq+0
Vq=(ωLd)×Id+0×Iq+ωψa …(2)
Vo=(Vd2+Vq2)1/2
=ω{(LdId+ψa)2+(LqIq)2}1/2 …(3)
Vom=kV2 …(4)
Vo≦Vom …(5)
(LdId+ψa)2+(LqIq)2≦(Vom/ω)2 …(6)
一方、モータジェネレータのトルクTは、次の(7)式で表される。
T=Pn{ψaIq+(Ld−Lq)IdIq} …(7)
Iq=T/[Pn{ψaIq+(Ld−Lq)Id}] …(8)
次に車両10における要求回生電力Pregが高圧バッテリBAThの受け入れ可能電力より大きい場合における非効率制御(非効率運転)の具体例について図6のフローチャートを参照して詳細に説明する。
(LdId+ψa)2+(LqIq)2≦(V´om/ω)2 …(6´)
このようにして、第1モータジェネレータMG1を熱害から守ることができる。
なお、上述したステップ17では、熱害条件が成立した場合に電圧制限楕円を縮小することで、電動機の運転点をP3からP5まで移行させたが、電圧制限楕円は縮小させずに、すなわち、V2電圧(昇圧電圧)を低下させずに、電動機の運転点をP3からP5まで移行させることも可能である。
この実施形態に係る車両10は、蓄電装置としての高圧バッテリBAThと、直流と交流の両方向に変換可能な駆動装置としての第1及び第2インバータINV1、INV2と、前記駆動装置としての第1及び第2インバータINV1、INV2の交流側に接続されるとともに、出力軸が負荷(第1インバータINV1の負荷としてのエンジンENG及び/又は第2インバータINVの負荷としての車輪W)に接続される回転電機としての第1モータジェネレータMG1及び/又は第2モータジェネレータMG2)と、低圧側(V1電圧側)が高圧バッテリBAThに接続され高圧(V2電圧)側が第1及び第2インバータINV1、INV2の直流側に接続され、高圧バッテリBAThのV1電圧を昇圧してV2電圧とし、該昇圧電圧であるV2電圧を、前記第1及び第2インバータINV1、INV2を通じてそれぞれ第1及び第2モータジェネレータMG1、MG2に印加する電圧変換器としてのVCU12と、前記第1及び第2インバータINV1、INV2、前記第1及び第2モータジェネレータMG1、MG2及び前記VCU12を制御する制御装置14と、を備える。
制御装置14は、該車両10で余分な電力が発生した場合、例えば、第2モータジェネレータMG2の回生電力Pregの一部又は全部が余剰になって補機16での消費を行っても、さらに残容量SOCが100[%]の高圧バッテリBAThへの充電ができない場合、VCU12による前記昇圧電圧であるV2電圧(制限電圧Vom)を、第1モータジェネレータMG1が所定の駆動力を発生させるための最も小さな電流値(図13の「従来効率制御」での動作点P0での電流値)とは異なる電流値{図13中、動作点P0におけるd軸電流値(d軸閾値電流値という。)Id0より大きな電流値(Id>Id0)}となるように昇圧(例えば、制限電圧V´om、図13中、交点P3)することで第1モータジェネレータMG1の運転範囲を拡大する。
高圧バッテリBAThの充電が可能である場合、車輪Wへの制動力は、第2モータジェネレータMG2の回生電力及び電動サーボブレーキESBの熱発生(電動サーボブレーキ分担電力1)により担保され、回生電力は高圧バッテリBAThに充電される。エンジンENGにより回転される第1モータジェネレータMG1の発電電力も高圧バッテリBAThに充電される(図14中、最上段の図)。
図15は、変形例の車両10Aの概略構成を示すブロック図である。
なお、回生側においてもV2電圧を昇圧し、拡大した運転範囲で第2モータジェネレータMG2の回生時の非効率制御を行ってもよい。
12…VCU 14…制御装置
ENG…エンジン ESB…電動サーボブレーキ
INV1…第1インバータ INV2…第2インバータ
MG1…第1モータジェネレータ MG2…第2モータジェネレータ
Claims (8)
- 蓄電装置と、
直流と交流の両方向に変換可能な駆動装置と、
前記駆動装置の交流側に接続されるとともに、出力軸が負荷に接続される回転電機と、
低圧側が前記蓄電装置に接続され高圧側が前記駆動装置の直流側に接続されて、前記蓄電装置の電圧を昇圧し、該昇圧電圧を、前記駆動装置を通じて前記回転電機に印加する電圧変換器と、
前記駆動装置及び前記回転電機を制御する制御装置と、
を備える車両において、
前記制御装置は、
前記回転電機が所定の駆動力または回生電力を発生させるための最も小さな電流値とは異なる第1の電流値で該回転電機を駆動することで、当該車両で発生する余分な電力を前記回転電機により消費させながら、前記回転電機の温度又は前記駆動装置の温度が閾値温度を上回ったとき、前記第1の電流値よりも小さな第2の電流値で前記回転電機を駆動するものであり、
前記第1の電流値は、
前記電圧変換器によって前記蓄電装置の電圧を昇圧することで、前記回転電機の運転範囲を強め界磁制御が行われる能力限界まで拡大し、該能力限界まで拡大された前記運転範囲で前記回転電機に供給される昇圧後最大相電流値とされている
ことを特徴とする車両。 - 請求項1に記載の車両において、
前記制御装置は、前記回転電機に供給する相電流を、前記第1の電流値から前記第2の電流値に変更する際には、等トルクライン上で小さくする
ことを特徴とする車両。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の車両において、
前記第2の電流値は、
前記能力限界まで拡大された前記運転範囲での動作中に、前記回転電機の温度又は前記駆動装置の温度が前記閾値温度を上回ったとき、前記昇圧電圧を低くして前記運転範囲を縮小し、縮小された前記運転範囲で、前記回転電機に供給される相電流値とされている
ことを特徴とする車両。 - 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の車両において、
前記回転電機が所定の前記駆動力または前記回生電力を発生させるための最も小さな前記電流値は
相電流のd軸電流値が負値の電流値とされ、前記第1及び前記第2の電流値は前記d軸電流値が正値の電流値とされている
ことを特徴とする車両。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の車両において、
前記制御装置は、
前記車両で発生する余分な電力が、制動用の回生電力である場合であって、
前記能力限界まで拡大された前記運転範囲での前記回転電機の動作中に、前記回生電力が前記回転電機で全て消費できない場合には、消費できない分の回生電力による制動力を、機械ブレーキにより分担させる
ことを特徴とする車両。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の車両において、
前記回転電機の温度は、該回転電機を構成する界磁コイルの温度又は前記回転電機を冷却する冷却媒体の温度であり、前記駆動装置の温度は、該駆動装置を構成する半導体スイッチング素子の温度である
ことを特徴とする車両。 - 請求項1に記載の車両において、
前記駆動装置を第1駆動装置とし、
該第1駆動装置の交流側に接続される前記回転電機を第1回転電機とし、該第1回転電機の前記出力軸に接続される前記負荷を内燃機関とし、
さらに、前記負荷とは異なる負荷であって該負荷が車輪とされる第2回転電機と、
交流側が前記第2回転電機に接続されるとともに、直流側が前記電圧変換器の高圧側に接続される第2駆動装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記第2回転電機が発生する回生電力の前記蓄電装置への充電が制約されるとき、前記第2回転電機が発生する前記回生電力を、前記能力限界まで拡大された前記運転範囲で運転されている前記第1回転電機で消費させる
ことを特徴とする車両。 - 請求項7に記載の車両において、
前記能力限界まで拡大された前記運転範囲で運転されている前記第1回転電機で前記回生電力が全て消費できない場合には、消費できない分の回生電力による制動力を、機械ブレーキにより分担させる
ことを特徴とする車両。
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