WO2010089889A1 - 電源システムおよびそれを備えた電動車両 - Google Patents
電源システムおよびそれを備えた電動車両 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010089889A1 WO2010089889A1 PCT/JP2009/052150 JP2009052150W WO2010089889A1 WO 2010089889 A1 WO2010089889 A1 WO 2010089889A1 JP 2009052150 W JP2009052150 W JP 2009052150W WO 2010089889 A1 WO2010089889 A1 WO 2010089889A1
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- power
- storage device
- control device
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- surplus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
- B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/22—Dynamic electric resistor braking, combined with dynamic electric regenerative braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
- B60W30/18109—Braking
- B60W30/18127—Regenerative braking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
- H02P3/08—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a dc motor
- H02P3/14—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a dc motor by regenerative braking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
- H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
- H02P3/22—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor by short-circuit or resistive braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply system and an electric vehicle including the power supply system, and more particularly to a technique for protecting a power storage device mounted in the power supply system from overcharging.
- the electric power balance may change suddenly during sudden braking or slipping, and the electric motor may generate more power than can be received on the input side (power storage device side).
- surplus power exceeding the preferred charging power of the power storage device is generated due to the sudden increase in regenerative power, overcharging may occur in the power storage device. Therefore, in order to avoid overcharging of the power storage device, a control configuration for consuming surplus power generated during regenerative braking of the electric vehicle is required.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply system capable of preventing overcharging of a power storage device by appropriately consuming surplus power, and the power supply system including the same It is to provide an electric vehicle.
- a power supply system capable of transferring power to and from a load device, the power storage device being charged by regenerative power generated by the load device while supplying power to the load device;
- the surplus power consuming circuit configured to consume the surplus power that is not charged to the power storage device among the regenerative power by being driven to an on state, and a control device that controls the surplus power consuming circuit.
- the control device determines whether the regenerative power of the power storage device can be accepted when the surplus power consumption circuit is on, and turns off the surplus power consumption circuit when it is determined that the power storage device can accept the regenerative power. Drive to the state.
- the control device counts an elapsed time from the time when the surplus power consumption circuit is driven to the on state, and determines that the power storage device can accept regenerative power when the elapsed time exceeds a predetermined time. To do.
- the load device includes a driving force generation unit that receives electric power supplied from the power supply system and generates a driving force of the vehicle.
- the predetermined time is set so as to include a period in which surplus power is expected to be generated in accordance with a change in the traveling state of the vehicle.
- the control device acquires a temporal change in the regenerative power from the time when the surplus power consumption circuit is driven to the on state, and when the acquired regenerative power falls below a predetermined threshold value, The power storage device determines that regenerative power can be received.
- the threshold is set based on the allowable charging power of the power storage device.
- the threshold value is set to a stored value of regenerative power at the time when the surplus power consumption circuit is driven to an on state.
- the power supply system further includes a power line configured to be able to exchange power between the load device and the power supply system, a voltage sensor that detects a voltage value of the power line, and a current sensor that detects a current value of the power line.
- a power line configured to be able to exchange power between the load device and the power supply system
- a voltage sensor that detects a voltage value of the power line
- a current sensor that detects a current value of the power line.
- the control device calculates the actual power value exchanged with the load device on the power line based on the voltage value and current value of the power line detected by the voltage sensor and the current sensor, respectively. Change
- control device acquires the temporal change of the regenerative power by estimating the regenerative power based on the operating state of the load device.
- the surplus power consumption circuit includes a resistor connected in parallel to the DC power supply when driven to the on state.
- the power supply system further includes a voltage sensor that detects a voltage value of the power storage device and a current sensor that detects a current value of the power storage device. Based on the voltage value and current value of the power storage device detected by the voltage sensor and the current sensor, respectively, and the resistance value of the resistor, the control device determines the actual value of the charging power of the DC power supply and the power consumption in the surplus power consumption circuit. By calculating, the temporal change in regenerative power is acquired.
- the power supply system further includes a current sensor that detects a current value of the power storage device.
- the control device determines whether to accept regenerative power of the power storage device based on the current value of the power storage device detected by the current sensor.
- the power supply system further includes a voltage sensor that detects a voltage value of the power storage device.
- the control device determines whether the regenerative power of the power storage device is acceptable based on the voltage value of the power storage device detected by the voltage sensor.
- the load device includes a driving force generation unit that receives electric power supplied from the power supply system and generates a driving force of the vehicle.
- the control device allows the power storage device to accept regenerative power when it is detected that the load device has transitioned from a driving state in which surplus power is expected to be generated to a normal state based on the traveling pattern of the vehicle. Judge.
- the electric vehicle includes a power supply system and a driving force generator that receives the power supplied from the power supply system and generates a driving force.
- the power supply system supplies power to the driving force generation unit, while charging the power storage device of the regenerative power by being charged with the power storage device charged with the regenerative power generated by the driving force generation unit.
- the surplus power consumption circuit comprised so that the surplus power which is not performed is consumed, and the control apparatus which controls a surplus power consumption circuit are included.
- the control device determines whether the regenerative power of the power storage device can be accepted when the surplus power consumption circuit is on, and turns off the surplus power consumption circuit when it is determined that the power storage device can accept the regenerative power. Drive to the state.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the motor drive system by which the power supply system by Embodiment 1 of this invention is mounted. It is a figure which shows the time change of the direct current voltage Vb which an electrical storage apparatus outputs, and the direct current Ib input / output when a surplus power consumption circuit is made into non-operation. It is a figure which shows the time change of the direct current voltage Vb which an electrical storage apparatus outputs, and the direct current Ib input / output when a pulse width modulation control is used for on / off control of a switching element. It is a figure for demonstrating the setting operation
- FIG. 5 It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the motor drive system by which the power supply system by Embodiment 5 of this invention is mounted. It is a figure which shows the time change of the direct current Ib input / output to the electrical storage apparatus and the regenerative electric power Pgn by the on / off control of the surplus power consumption circuit by Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the control structure for implement
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a motor drive system on which a power supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is mounted.
- motor drive system 100 includes a power supply system 10 #, a smoothing capacitor C0, a drive force generator 28, and a control device 30.
- the driving force of an electric vehicle (referred to as a vehicle that generates vehicle driving force by electric energy such as a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, or a fuel cell vehicle) on which the motor driving system 100 is mounted is used.
- a vehicle that generates vehicle driving force by electric energy such as a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, or a fuel cell vehicle
- the generated driving force generation unit 28 is a “load device” will be described.
- Electric vehicle travels by transmitting a driving force generated by electric power supplied from power supply system 10 # to driving force generator 28 to driving wheels (not shown).
- the electric vehicle generates electric power from kinetic energy by driving force generation unit 28 and collects it in power supply system 10 #.
- Power supply system 10 # transmits and receives DC power to and from driving force generation unit 28 via power line 7 and ground line 5.
- the power supplied from power supply system 10 # to drive power generation unit 28 is also referred to as “drive power”
- the power supplied from drive force generation unit 28 to power supply system 10 # is referred to as “regenerative power”. Is also referred to.
- the driving force generator 28 includes an inverter 14 and an AC motor M1 that is driven and controlled by the inverter 14.
- This AC motor M1 is a drive motor for generating torque for driving the drive wheels of the electric vehicle.
- AC electric motor M1 may be configured to have a function of a generator driven by an engine, or may be configured to have both functions of an electric motor and a generator.
- AC electric motor M1 may operate as an electric motor for the engine, and may be incorporated in a hybrid vehicle as one that can start the engine, for example. That is, in the present embodiment, the “AC motor” includes an AC drive motor, a generator, and a motor generator (motor generator).
- the inverter 14 includes a U-phase upper and lower arm 15, a V-phase upper and lower arm 16, and a W-phase upper and lower arm 17 that are provided in parallel between the power line 7 and the ground line 5.
- Each phase upper and lower arm is constituted by a switching element connected in series between the power line 7 and the ground line 5.
- the U-phase upper and lower arms 15 are composed of switching elements Q3 and Q4
- the V-phase upper and lower arms 16 are composed of switching elements Q5 and Q6
- the W-phase upper and lower arms 17 are composed of switching elements Q7 and Q8.
- Antiparallel diodes D3 to D8 are connected to switching elements Q3 to Q8, respectively. Switching elements Q3 to Q8 are turned on / off by switching control signals S3 to S8 from control device 30.
- AC motor M1 is a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, and is configured by connecting one end of three coils of U, V, and W phases to a neutral point. Further, the other end of each phase coil is connected to the intermediate point of the switching elements of the upper and lower arms 15 to 17 of each phase.
- Power supply system 10 # includes a power storage device B, system relays SR1 and SR2, a surplus power consumption circuit 20, a smoothing capacitor C1, and a buck-boost converter 12.
- the power storage device B is a chargeable / dischargeable DC power supply, and typically includes a secondary battery such as nickel metal hydride or lithium ion, an electric double layer capacitor, or the like.
- DC voltage Vb output from power storage device B and input / output DC current Ib are detected by voltage sensor 10 and current sensor 11, respectively.
- System relay SR1 is connected between the positive terminal of power storage device B and power line 6, and system relay SR2 is connected between the negative terminal of power storage device B and ground line 5.
- System relays SR1 and SR2 are turned on / off by signal SE from control device 30.
- Buck-boost converter 12 includes a reactor L1, power semiconductor switching elements Q1, Q2, and diodes D1, D2. Power semiconductor switching elements Q 1 and Q 2 are connected in series between power line 7 and ground line 5. On / off of power semiconductor switching elements Q 1 and Q 2 is controlled by switching control signals S 1 and S 2 from control device 30.
- an IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- a power MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- a power bipolar transistor is used as a power semiconductor switching element (hereinafter simply referred to as “switching element”).
- switching element a power semiconductor switching element
- Anti-parallel diodes D1, D2 are arranged for switching elements Q1, Q2.
- Reactor L1 is connected between a connection node of switching elements Q1 and Q2 and power line 6. Further, the smoothing capacitor C 0 is connected between the power line 7 and the ground line 5.
- a surplus power consumption circuit 20 is provided between the system relays SR1 and SR2 and the smoothing capacitor C1. As will be described later, the surplus power consumption circuit 20 generates surplus power that is not charged in the power storage device B among the regenerative power generated by the AC motor M1 during regenerative braking of the electric vehicle on which the motor drive control system 100 is mounted. Configured to consume.
- the step-up / step-down converter 12 steps down the DC voltage VH (system voltage) supplied from the inverter 14 via the smoothing capacitor C0 and charges the power storage device B. More specifically, in response to switching control signals S1 and S2 from control device 30, only switching element Q1 is turned on and both switching elements Q1 and Q2 are turned off (or Q2 of the switching element). Of the ON period) are alternately provided, and the step-down ratio is in accordance with the duty ratio of the ON period.
- the smoothing capacitor C0 smoothes the DC voltage from the step-up / down converter 12, and supplies the smoothed DC voltage to the inverter 14.
- the voltage sensor 13 detects the voltage across the smoothing capacitor C 0, that is, the system voltage VH, and outputs the detected value to the control device 30.
- torque command value Trqcom of AC electric motor M1 is set negative (Trqcom ⁇ 0).
- the inverter 14 converts the AC voltage generated by the AC motor M1 into a DC voltage by a switching operation in response to the switching control signals S3 to S8, and converts the converted DC voltage (system voltage) to the smoothing capacitor C0.
- the regenerative braking here refers to braking with regenerative power generation when the driver operating the electric vehicle performs a footbrake operation, or regenerative braking by turning off the accelerator pedal while driving, although the footbrake is not operated. This includes decelerating (or stopping acceleration) the vehicle while generating electricity.
- the current sensor 24 detects the motor current MCRT flowing through the AC motor M1, and outputs the detected motor current to the control device 30. Since the sum of instantaneous values of the three-phase currents iu, iv, and iw is zero, the current sensor 24 has a motor current for two phases (for example, a V-phase current iv and a W-phase current iw) as shown in FIG. It is sufficient to arrange it so as to detect.
- the rotation angle sensor (resolver) 25 detects the rotor rotation angle ⁇ of the AC motor M1, and sends the detected rotation angle ⁇ to the control device 30.
- Control device 30 can calculate the rotational speed (rotational speed) and angular speed ⁇ (rad / s) of AC electric motor M1 based on rotational angle ⁇ . Note that the rotation angle sensor 25 may be omitted by directly calculating the rotation angle ⁇ from the motor voltage or current by the control device 30.
- the control device 30 is composed of an electronic control unit (ECU), and operates the motor drive system 100 by software processing by executing a pre-stored program by a CPU (not shown) and / or hardware processing by a dedicated electronic circuit. To control.
- ECU electronice control unit
- the control device 30 includes the input torque command value Trqcom, the DC voltage Vb detected by the voltage sensor 10, the DC current Ib detected by the current sensor 11, and the system voltage detected by the voltage sensor 13. Based on VH, motor currents iv and iw from current sensor 24, rotation angle ⁇ from rotation angle sensor 25, etc., step-up / down converter 12 and AC motor M1 output torque according to torque command value Trqcom.
- the operation of the inverter 14 is controlled. That is, switching control signals S1 to S8 for controlling the buck-boost converter 12 and the inverter 14 as described above are generated and output to the buck-boost converter 12 and the inverter 14.
- the control device 30 feedback-controls the system voltage VH and generates the switching control signals S1 and S2 so that the system voltage VH matches the voltage command value.
- switching control signal S3 ⁇ is set so as to convert the AC voltage generated by AC motor M1 into a DC voltage.
- S8 is generated and output to the inverter 14.
- the inverter 14 converts the AC voltage generated by the AC motor M ⁇ b> 1 into a DC voltage and supplies it to the step-up / down converter 12.
- control device 30 when receiving a signal RGE indicating that the electric vehicle has entered the regenerative braking mode from the external ECU, control device 30 generates switching control signals S1 and S2 so as to step down the DC voltage supplied from inverter 14. , Output to the step-up / down converter 12. As a result, the AC voltage generated by AC motor M1 is converted to a DC voltage, stepped down, and supplied to power storage device B.
- the power storage device B is configured by a secondary battery or the like as described above, the power that can be received is limited depending on the state of charge (SOC), temperature, and the like. Therefore, when regenerative power that exceeds the power that can be received on the power storage device B side due to a sudden change in the traveling state (hereinafter, this excess power is also referred to as “surplus power”) is generated, the power storage device B is overcharged. May occur.
- SOC state of charge
- surplus power this excess power that exceeds the power that can be received on the power storage device B side due to a sudden change in the traveling state
- FIG. 2 shows temporal changes in DC voltage Vb output from power storage device B and DC current Ib input to and output from power storage device B when surplus power consumption circuit 20 (FIG. 1) is deactivated.
- the direct current Ib the direction which flows into the power line 7 through the electrical storage apparatus B, the power line 6, the reactor L1, and the switching element Q1 is shown as a positive direction. That is, the positive direction corresponds to the discharge direction in which the step-up / down converter 12 boosts the DC voltage of the power storage device B and supplies the boosted voltage to the inverter 14.
- the negative direction corresponds to a charging direction in which the buck-boost converter 12 steps down the DC voltage supplied from the inverter 14 and supplies the voltage to the power storage device B.
- the DC voltage Vb increases as the DC current Ib increases in the negative direction (that is, the charging direction). At this time, the state where the DC voltage Vb exceeds the predetermined allowable voltage due to excessive regenerative power continues, there is a possibility that the power storage device B is overcharged.
- power supply system 10 # changes surplus power consumption circuit 20 from non-operation to operation when surplus power is generated. By switching, the operation of consuming surplus power is executed.
- surplus power consumption circuit 20 includes a resistor R10 and switching element Q10 connected in series between power line 6 and ground line 5, and a diode D10 connected to resistor R10. Consists of including.
- the switching element Q10 on / off of the switching element Q10 is controlled by a switching control signal S10 from the control device 30. More specifically, the switching element Q10 is turned on by an H (logic high) level switching control signal S10, and is turned off by an L (logic low) level switching control signal S10.
- the switching element Q10 When surplus power is generated, the switching element Q10 is turned on by the H-level switching control signal S10, whereby a current corresponding to the voltage between the power line 6 and the ground line 5 (hereinafter referred to as “consumption”) is supplied to the resistor R10. Also referred to as “current”). Thereby, the operation of consuming surplus power is performed, so that it is possible to suppress the occurrence of overcharge in power storage device B.
- the determination as to whether or not the above-described surplus power has occurred is made based on the overcharge information of power storage device B.
- this overcharge information for example, the DC voltage Vb of the power storage device B exceeds a predetermined threshold value, or the regenerative power from the AC motor M1 exceeds the allowable charging power Win of the power storage device B. Etc. are included.
- the surplus power consumption circuit 20 consumes only surplus power generated in the motor drive system 100, whereas once the switching element Q10 is turned on, this surplus power is irrelevant. Will continue to consume a certain amount of power. Therefore, it is necessary to turn off the switching element Q10 at an appropriate timing in order to avoid an unnecessary increase in power loss due to consumption of power exceeding the original surplus power.
- FIG. 3 shows temporal changes in DC voltage Vb output from power storage device B and input / output DC current Ib when pulse width modulation (PWM) control is used for on / off control of switching element Q10. It is.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the on period and the off period of the switching element Q10 are always provided alternately.
- the timing which turns off switching element Q10 is based on an averaging process, and does not necessarily consider the influence on the electrical storage apparatus B. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the DC voltage Vb may rise to a voltage value exceeding the allowable voltage at the timing when the switching element Q10 is turned off. Therefore, it is difficult to prevent overcharging of power storage device B.
- a minimum on period Ton for turning on switching element Q10 is set in advance, and once switching element Q10 is turned on, the set minimum on period is set.
- the switching element S10 is continuously turned on over Ton, that is, the surplus power consumption operation is continued.
- the minimum on-period Ton is set based on a pattern (hereinafter also referred to as a power excess pattern) in which excessive regenerative power is generated from AC motor M1 in motor drive system 100, as described below. .
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the setting operation of the minimum on-period Ton.
- the minimum ON period Ton can be set based on three periods t1 to t3 shown in (1) to (3) in the figure.
- the period t1 in (1) in the figure is a time that is uniquely determined based on the power excess pattern assumed in the motor drive system 100. More specifically, in an electric vehicle equipped with the motor drive system 100, the wheel slips when traveling on a slippery road surface or over a step, and then the wheel grips the road surface. Is assumed. In this case, there is a possibility that the power that can be received by the power storage device B may be exceeded, because the power from the power storage device B taken out at the time of slipping flows back to the power storage device B due to a sudden change in the motor rotation speed during gripping. Therefore, the period t1 is usually determined as a period that is spent for gripping the wheels from the slip state in the electric vehicle.
- the period t1 is not limited to the period corresponding to the slip / grip period, but is a period in which regenerative power (surplus power) that exceeds the power that can be received by the power storage device B due to a sudden change in the traveling state is generated. Can be determined to correspond.
- the period t2 in (2) in the figure is determined to be a time obtained by adding a predetermined time to the period t1 in (1). Even after the wheel has returned from the grip, the operation of consuming surplus power for a predetermined time is further continued, so that the regenerative power is less than the power consumed by the surplus power consuming circuit 20, so that power is supplied to the surplus power consuming circuit 20. This is because the source is switched from the AC motor M1 side to the power storage device B side. As a result, the power storage device B once overcharged during gripping can be lowered to a desired charged state.
- the period t3 in (3) in the figure is longer than the period t2 in (2) above, and the power storage device B that is once overcharged by supplying power to the surplus power consumption circuit 20 It is determined by the time required for overdischarge.
- the minimum on-period Ton falls within the range where the period t1 or t2 is the lower limit and the period t3 is the upper limit based on these three periods t1 to t3.
- FIG. 5 shows temporal changes in DC voltage Vb output from power storage device B and DC current Ib input / output by the on / off control of surplus power consumption circuit 20 in the power supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- switching control signal S10 when switching control signal S10 is switched from the L level to the H level at time t1, switching control signal S10 is at the H level during a period from time t1 to time t2 corresponding to the minimum on period Ton. Retained. Thereby, the surplus power consumption operation by the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is executed in this period. As a result, since the direct current Ib is suppressed from increasing in the negative direction, the direct current voltage Vb is maintained at a voltage level lower than the allowable voltage. According to this, it is possible to reliably prevent occurrence of overcharge in the power storage device B.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a control structure for realizing the operation / non-operation switching operation of surplus power consumption circuit 20 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Note that each step in the flowchart shown in FIG. 6 is realized by the control device 30 (FIG. 1) executing a program stored in advance at a predetermined cycle. Alternatively, for some steps, it is also possible to construct dedicated hardware (electronic circuit) and realize processing.
- control device 30 determines whether or not surplus power has been generated based on the overcharge information of power storage device B. If it is determined that surplus power has been generated, control device 30 sets switching control signal S10 to H. The level is activated and output to the switching element Q10. Thereby, the switching element Q10 is turned on, and the surplus power consumption operation in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is started (step S01).
- control device 30 uses an unillustrated timer to determine the elapsed time from when switching element Q10 is turned on (hereinafter also referred to as an on period). ) T is measured (step S02). Then, the control device 30 determines whether or not the measured on-period T exceeds a preset minimum on-period Ton (step S03).
- the control device 30 When the measured on-period T is equal to or shorter than the minimum on-period Ton (when NO is determined in step S03), the control device 30 returns to the first process.
- control device 30 switches switching control signal S10 from the H level to the L level and outputs it to switching element Q10. To do. As a result, the switching element Q10 is turned off, and the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is deactivated (step S04).
- the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is activated, the surplus power consumption operation is continued over the minimum on-period set based on the power excess pattern. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the operation of consuming excess power is performed during a period in which it is assumed that power storage device B is overcharged, so that the occurrence of overcharge in power storage device B is reliably prevented. be able to.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a motor drive system on which the power supply system according to the second embodiment of the present invention is mounted.
- motor drive system 100 ⁇ / b> A includes a current sensor 21, a voltage sensor 22, and a temperature sensor 9 as compared with motor drive system 100 in FIG. 1, and control device 30 ⁇ / b> A instead of control device 30. It differs in that it includes.
- Current sensor 21 is inserted in power line 6, detects reactor current IL flowing through reactor L1, and outputs the detected reactor current IL to control device 30A.
- the voltage sensor 22 is connected between the power line 6 and the ground line 5, and the voltage across the smoothing capacitor C 0 (this DC voltage corresponding to the input voltage to the step-up / down converter 12 is also referred to as “input voltage” hereinafter).
- the detected input voltage VL is output to the control device 30A.
- the temperature sensor 9 is disposed close to the power storage device B, detects the temperature Tb that is the internal temperature of the power storage device B, and outputs the detected temperature Tb to the control device 30A.
- control device 30A As described below, control device 30A according to the second embodiment, once surplus power consumption circuit 20 is activated in response to the occurrence of surplus power, is based on the input information from various sensors, and the AC motor M1. Calculate regenerative power. When it is determined that power storage device B can receive the calculated regenerative power, control device 30A switches surplus power consumption circuit 20 from operation to non-operation.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a control structure for realizing the operation / non-operation switching operation of surplus power consumption circuit 20 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- Each step in the flowchart shown in FIG. 8 is realized by executing a program stored in advance by control device 30A (FIG. 7) at a predetermined cycle.
- control device 30A FIG. 7
- control device 30A determines whether or not surplus power has been generated based on the overcharge information of power storage device B. When determining that surplus power has been generated, control device 30A sets switching control signal S10 to H. The level is activated and output to the switching element Q10. Thereby, the switching element Q10 is turned on, and the surplus power consumption operation in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is started (step S01).
- control device 30A receives input voltage VL (at time t after switching element Q10 is turned on from voltage sensor 22 and current sensor 21. t) and reactor current IL (t) are acquired (step S011). Then, control device 30A calculates actual value Pgn (t) of regenerative power based on the product of acquired input voltage VL (t) and reactor current IL (t) (step S012). Note that an AC current (ripple current) by switching control of the buck-boost converter 12 is superimposed on the reactor current IL (t) acquired in step S011. Therefore, when calculating the actual regenerative power value Pgn (t) in step S012, the reactor current IL (t) is averaged or annealed.
- control device 30A determines whether or not regenerative power actual value Pgn (t) is smaller than a predetermined threshold value (step S013). That is, control device 30A determines whether or not power storage device B can accept regenerative power.
- control device 30A When the actual regenerative power value Pgn (t) is equal to or greater than the threshold value (NO determination in step S013), the control device 30A returns to the initial process.
- control device 30A switches switching control signal S10 from the H level to the L level to switching element Q10. Output. As a result, the switching element Q10 is turned off, and the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is deactivated (step S04).
- the threshold value in step S013 described above is set to regenerative power that is regenerative power that power storage device B can accept.
- the allowable charging power Win of power storage device B is set.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an allowable charging power characteristic of the power storage device B. Referring to FIG. 9, allowable charging power Win has a characteristic of decreasing as temperature Tb of power storage device B decreases.
- control device 30A stores the allowable charging power characteristic of FIG. 9 in a map format, and sets allowable charging power Win corresponding to temperature Tb of power storage device B from temperature sensor 9 to the threshold value. Thereby, it is possible to reliably prevent the power storage device B from being overcharged.
- surplus power consumption circuit 20 As described above, in the second embodiment of the present invention, once surplus power consumption circuit 20 is activated, surplus power is used until the actual value of regenerative power of AC motor M1 becomes smaller than the regenerative power of power storage device B. Consumption operation is continued. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, occurrence of overcharge in power storage device B can be reliably prevented.
- control device 30B As a means for absorbing such a deviation in allowable charging power Win, control device 30B according to the third embodiment temporarily consumes surplus power in response to the occurrence of surplus power, as described below.
- the regenerative power of the AC motor M1 is calculated based on input information from various sensors. Then, based on the result of comparing the magnitude relationship between the calculated regenerative power and the stored value of the actual regenerative power value when switching element Q10 is turned on, it is determined that power storage device B can accept the calculated regenerative power. In such a case, the control device 30B switches the surplus power consumption circuit 20 from operation to non-operation.
- the motor drive system 100B according to the third embodiment is different from the motor drive system 100A according to the second embodiment in that it includes a control device 30B instead of the control device 30A.
- the illustration and detailed description thereof will not be repeated. Since motor control other than control of surplus power consumption circuit 20 performed by control device 30B is performed in the same manner as control devices 30 and 30A, detailed description will not be repeated.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a control structure for realizing the operation / non-operation switching operation of surplus power consumption circuit 20 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Note that each step in the flowchart shown in FIG. 10 is realized by a control device 30B (not shown) executing a program stored in advance at a predetermined cycle. Alternatively, for some steps, it is also possible to construct dedicated hardware (electronic circuit) and realize processing.
- control device 30B determines whether or not surplus power has been generated based on the overcharge information of power storage device B. If it is determined that surplus power has been generated, switching device 30B sets switching control signal S10 to H. The level is activated and output to the switching element Q10. Thereby, the switching element Q10 is turned on, and the surplus power consumption operation in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is started (step S01).
- control device 30B receives from input voltage VL (at time t after switching element Q10 is turned on, from voltage sensor 22 and current sensor 21. t) and reactor current IL (t) are acquired (step S011). Then, control device 30B calculates actual value Pgn (t) of regenerative power based on the product of acquired input voltage VL (t) and reactor current IL (t) (step S012). As in FIG. 8, when calculating the actual regenerative power value Pgn (t) in step S012, the reactor current IL (t) is averaged or annealed.
- control device 30B stores the actual value Pgn (t1) of the regenerative power at the time when the switching element Q10 is turned on in a memory (not shown) (step S0131). Then, control device 30B determines whether or not regenerative power actual value Pgn (t) calculated at a predetermined cycle is smaller than stored value Pgn (t1) of the regenerative power actual value (step S0132). That is, control device 30B determines whether or not power storage device B can accept the regenerative power by comparing the regenerative power at the time when surplus power is generated with the current regenerative power.
- the control device 30B When the regenerative power actual value Pgn (t) is equal to or greater than the stored value Pgn (t1) (when NO is determined in step S0132), the control device 30B returns to the initial process.
- control device 30B switches switching control signal S10 from the H level to the L level. Output to the element Q10. As a result, the switching element Q10 is turned off, and the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is deactivated (step S04).
- the allowable charging power Win of the power storage device B is not used to determine whether or not the regenerative power can be accepted during the operation of surplus power consumption, and the regenerative power is simply used. Since only the stored value Pgn (t1) of the actual value is used, the occurrence of chattering of the surplus power consumption circuit 20 as described above can be suppressed. As a result, once the surplus voltage generating circuit 20 is activated, the surplus power generating circuit 20 continues the surplus power consumption operation until it is determined that the corresponding power storage device B can truly accept the regenerative power. Therefore, according to the third embodiment, occurrence of overcharge in power storage device B can be reliably prevented.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a motor drive system on which a power supply system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention is mounted.
- motor drive system 100 ⁇ / b> C replaces AC electric motor M ⁇ b> 1 and inverter 14 with two motor generators MG ⁇ b> 1 and MG ⁇ b> 2, power split mechanism PSD, The difference is that it includes reduction gear RD and two inverters 14 and 31 that control motor generators MG 1 and MG 2, and includes control device 30 C instead of control device 30.
- Each of motor generators MG1 and MG2 includes a three-phase AC motor as an example.
- Motor generator MG1 acts as a generator (generator) that can generate electric power by receiving power generated by the operation of an internal combustion engine (not shown), and generates electric power by receiving rotational force transmitted through power split mechanism PSD.
- motor generator MG2 acts as an electric motor (motor) that generates a driving force by at least one of the electric power generated by motor generator MG1 and the electric power from power storage device B.
- motor generator MG2 When the rotational driving force generated by the motor generator MG2 is decelerated by the speed reducer RD integrated with the power split mechanism PSD and transmitted to the power split mechanism PSD, a driving wheel combined with the rotational driving force of the internal combustion engine ( (Not shown).
- Motor generator MG2 can also act as a generator (generator) during vehicle braking such as a driver's braking operation, and can regenerate kinetic energy of the vehicle to power storage device B as electric energy.
- Inverters 14 and 31 are electrically connected to motor generators MG1 and MG2, respectively, and are connected in parallel to buck-boost converter 12. Inverters 14 and 31 control electric power exchanged with motor generators MG1 and MG2, respectively. As an example, inverters 14 and 31 are each configured by a bridge circuit including an arm circuit for three phases, and each power conversion operation is controlled by switching control signals S13 to S18 and S23 to S28 from control device 30C. .
- Each of the motor generators MG1 and MG2 is provided with a current sensor 24 and a rotation angle sensor (resolver) 25 as in the AC motor M1 of FIG.
- Motor current MCRT1 and rotor rotation angle ⁇ 1 of motor generator MG1 and motor current MCRT2 and rotor rotation angle ⁇ 2 of motor generator MG2 detected by these sensors are input to control device 30C.
- control device 30 ⁇ / b> C has a detection value of DC voltage Vb from power storage device B by voltage sensor 10, a detection value of DC current Ib by current sensor 11, and system voltage VH by voltage sensor 13. The detected value is input.
- control device 30C Furthermore, torque command value Trqcom1 of motor generator MG1 and control signal RGE1 indicating the regenerative operation, and torque command value Trqcom2 of motor generator MG2 and control signal RGE2 indicating the regenerative operation are input to control device 30C.
- Control device 30C generates switching control signals S13 to S18 for inverter 14 based on the same control configuration as control device 30 shown in FIG. 1 so that motor generator MG1 operates in accordance with the command value.
- control device 30C generates switching control signals S23 to S28 for inverter 31 so that motor generator MG2 operates according to the command value based on the same control configuration as control device 30.
- the regenerative power from the plurality of motor generators MG1, MG2 can be supplied to the common power storage device B. Therefore, as in the first to third embodiments, in order to prevent overcharging of power storage device B, it is necessary to control surplus power consumption circuit 20 after monitoring the regenerative power in motor generators MG1 and MG2 as a whole. There is.
- control device 30C once surplus power consumption circuit 20 is activated in response to the occurrence of surplus power, motor generators MG1, MG2 are based on the operating state of motor generators MG1, MG2. Estimate the total regenerative power. When it is determined that power storage device B can accept the estimated regenerative power, control device 30C switches surplus power consumption circuit 20 from operation to non-operation.
- control device 30C is different from the control devices 30A and 30B described above in place of the configuration that calculates the actual value of the regenerative power in the AC motor based on the sensor output.
- the difference is that the configuration is such that the regenerative power is estimated based on the operating state. Since the regenerative power is estimated on the software configuration as described above, it is not necessary to install a sensor for detecting the input voltage VL and the reactor current IL, so that the motor drive system can be increased in size and cost. Can be suppressed.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a control structure for realizing the operation / non-operation switching operation of surplus power consumption circuit 20 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Note that each step in the flowchart shown in FIG. 12 is realized by the control device 30C (FIG. 11) executing a program stored in advance at a predetermined cycle. Alternatively, for some steps, it is also possible to construct dedicated hardware (electronic circuit) and realize processing.
- control device 30C determines whether or not surplus power has been generated based on the overcharge information of power storage device B. If it is determined that surplus power has been generated, switching device 30C sets switching control signal S10 to H. The level is activated and output to the switching element Q10. Thereby, the switching element Q10 is turned on, and the surplus power consumption operation in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is started (step S01).
- control device 30C When switching element Q10 is turned on and surplus power consumption circuit 20 starts the consumption operation, control device 30C operates motor generator MG1 as information for estimating regenerative power Pgn (t) at arbitrary time t. , A torque command value Trqcom1, a motor rotational speed Nm1 (rotational angular velocity ⁇ 1), and a motor current MCRT1 (iv, iw). Further, control device 30C receives torque command value Trqcom2, motor rotation speed Nm2 (rotational angular velocity ⁇ 2), and motor current MCRT2 indicating the operation state of motor generator MG2. Control device 30C estimates regenerative power Pgn (t) in motor generators MG1 and MG2 as a whole based on the input information (step S021).
- the regenerative power Pgn (t) can be estimated according to the following equation (1) representing the power balance P in the entire motor drive system 100C.
- P Tqcom1 ⁇ ⁇ 1 + Loss1 + Tqcom2 ⁇ ⁇ 2 + Loss2 + LossC (1)
- Loss1 indicates the power loss in the motor generator MG1
- Loss2 indicates the power loss in the motor generator MG2
- LossC indicates the power loss in the buck-boost converter 12.
- control device 30C determines whether or not estimated regenerative power Pgn (t) is smaller than a predetermined threshold value (step S022).
- This threshold value is set to, for example, allowable charging power Win corresponding to temperature Tb of power storage device B from temperature sensor 9 by the same method as in step S013 in FIG.
- the control device 30C When the estimated value Pgn (t) of regenerative power is equal to or greater than the threshold value (when NO is determined in step S022), the control device 30C returns to the initial process.
- control device 30C switches switching control signal S10 from the H level to the L level to switch switching element Q10. Output to. As a result, the switching element Q10 is turned off, and the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is deactivated (step S04).
- power storage device B can receive the regenerative power estimated based on the operating state of motor generators MG1, MG2. The surplus power consumption operation is continued until it is determined. Therefore, according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, occurrence of overcharge in power storage device B can be reliably prevented.
- the existing electric power in the entire motor generators MG1 and MG2 is estimated based on the operating state of the motor generators MG1 and MG2, the existing electric power can be calculated without installing a new sensor for calculating the regenerative electric power. Overcharging of power storage device B can be prevented using the device configuration.
- step S022 in FIG. 12 The determination as to whether or not power storage device B can accept regenerative power in step S022 in FIG. 12 described above is the same as described in steps S0131 and S0132 in FIG. 10 when switching element Q10 is turned on. It is also possible to perform the configuration based on the stored value of the estimated value of regenerative power.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a control structure for realizing the operation / non-operation switching operation of surplus power consumption circuit 20 according to the modification of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Note that each step in the flowchart shown in FIG. 13 is realized by the control device 30C (FIG. 11) executing a program stored in advance at a predetermined cycle. Alternatively, for some steps, it is also possible to construct dedicated hardware (electronic circuit) and realize processing.
- control device 30C determines whether or not surplus power has been generated based on the overcharge information of power storage device B. If it is determined that surplus power has been generated, switching device 30C sets switching control signal S10 to H. The level is activated and output to the switching element Q10. Thereby, the switching element Q10 is turned on, and the surplus power consumption operation in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is started (step S01).
- control device 30C When switching element Q10 is turned on and surplus power consumption circuit 20 starts the consumption operation, control device 30C operates motor generator MG1 as information for estimating regenerative power Pgn (t) at arbitrary time t. , A torque command value Trqcom1, a motor rotational speed Nm1 (rotational angular velocity ⁇ 1), and a motor current MCRT1 (iv, iw). Further, control device 30C receives torque command value Trqcom2, motor rotation speed Nm2 (rotational angular velocity ⁇ 2), and motor current MCRT2 indicating the operation state of motor generator MG2. Control device 30C estimates regenerative power Pgn (t) in motor generators MG1 and MG2 as a whole based on the input information (step S021).
- control device 30C stores the estimated value Pgn (t1) of regenerative power at the time when the switching element Q10 is turned on in a memory (not shown) (step S023). Then, control device 30C determines whether or not regenerative power Pgn (t) estimated at a predetermined cycle is smaller than stored value Pgn (t1) of the regenerative power estimated value (step S024).
- the control device 30C When the estimated regenerative power value Pgn (t) is equal to or greater than the stored value Pgn (t1) (NO determination in step S024), the control device 30C returns to the initial process.
- control device 30C switches switching control signal S10 from the H level to the L level. Output to switching element Q10. As a result, the switching element Q10 is turned off, and the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is deactivated (step S04).
- the motor drive system including two motor generators MG1 and MG2 is representatively exemplified.
- the number of motor generators (AC motors) in the motor drive system is limited to two.
- the surplus power consumption circuit 20 can also be controlled in the same manner as in the fourth embodiment for a motor drive system including an arbitrary number of motor generators (AC motors).
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a motor drive system on which a power supply system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention is mounted.
- motor drive system 100 ⁇ / b> D is different from motor drive system 100 of FIG. 1 in that control device 30 ⁇ / b> D is included instead of control device 30.
- Control device 30D is configured to determine whether or not power storage device B can accept the regenerative power based on the actual value or the estimated value of the regenerative power from the AC motor, as described below. Unlike the control devices 30A to 30C in the second to fourth embodiments, the determination is made based on the direct current Ib input to and output from the power storage device B.
- the DC current Ib input to and output from the power storage device B is the regenerative power Pgn and surplus power consumption in the AC motor M1 (not shown).
- the power storage device B is supplied with power obtained by subtracting the power consumption Pc from the regenerative power Pgn.
- surplus power consumption circuit 20 consumes power obtained by adding regenerative power Pgn to the discharge power from power storage device B.
- the direct current Ib is in any one of the forms (1) to (3) according to the magnitude of the regenerative power Pgn. I understand that Therefore, if the direct current Ib during the operation of the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is monitored using the current sensor 11 provided for managing the state of charge of the power storage device B, the regenerative power Pgn is calculated or estimated. In addition, it is possible to determine whether or not the power storage device B can accept regenerative power without adding a new sensor.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing temporal changes in DC current Ib input to and output from power storage device B and regenerative power Pgn due to on / off control of surplus power consumption circuit 20 in the power supply system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. is there.
- the electric power exchanged between power storage device B and AC motor M1 is indicated with the direction in which power storage device B is discharged as the positive direction.
- the direct current Ib and the reactor current IL are also shown with the discharge direction as the positive direction.
- surplus power consumption circuit 20 starts a surplus power consumption operation.
- the charging power Pb of the power storage device B is reduced from the regenerative power Pgn by the power consumption Pc in the surplus power consumption circuit 20.
- the direct current Ib flows in the negative direction.
- Control device 30D monitors the detected value of DC current Ib by current sensor 11 after time t1, and determines whether or not power storage device B can accept regenerative power based on the detected value. Specifically, control device 30D compares the magnitude relationship between the detected value of DC current Ib input at a predetermined period and the stored value of the detected value of DC current Ib at time t1 when switching element Q10 is turned on. . Then, when it is determined that the power storage device B can accept the regenerative power based on the detected value of the direct current Ib exceeding the stored value, the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is switched from the operation to the non-operation.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a control structure for realizing the operation / non-operation switching operation of surplus power consumption circuit 20 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. Note that each step in the flowchart shown in FIG. 16 is realized by the control device 30D (FIG. 14) executing a program stored in advance at a predetermined cycle. Alternatively, for some steps, it is also possible to construct dedicated hardware (electronic circuit) and realize processing.
- control device 30D determines whether or not surplus power has been generated based on the overcharge information of power storage device B. When determining that surplus power has been generated, control device 30D sets switching control signal S10 to H. The level is activated and output to the switching element Q10. Thereby, the switching element Q10 is turned on, and the surplus power consumption operation in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is started (step S01).
- control device 30D obtains, from current sensor 11, DC current Ib (t) at time t after switching element Q10 is turned on. (Step S031).
- control device 30D stores the direct current Ib (t1) at the time when the switching element Q10 is turned on in a memory (not shown) (step S032). Then, control device 30D determines whether or not direct current Ib (t) acquired at a predetermined cycle is larger than stored value Ib (t1) of direct current (step S033).
- the control device 30D When the direct current Ib (t) is equal to or less than the stored value Ib (t1) (when NO is determined in step S033), the control device 30D returns to the initial process.
- control device 30D switches switching control signal S10 from the H level to the L level to switch switching element Q10. Output to.
- the switching element Q10 is turned off, and the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is deactivated (step S04).
- FIG. 17 shows temporal changes in DC current Ib input to and output from power storage device B and regenerative power Pgn due to on / off control of surplus power consumption circuit 20 in the power supply system according to the modification of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 shows temporal changes in DC current Ib input to and output from power storage device B and regenerative power Pgn due to on / off control of surplus power consumption circuit 20 in the power supply system according to the modification of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 shows temporal changes in DC current Ib input to and output from power storage device B and regenerative power Pgn due to on / off control of surplus power consumption circuit 20 in the power supply system according to the modification of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 shows temporal changes in DC current Ib input to and output from power storage device B and regenerative power Pgn due to on / off control of surplus power consumption circuit 20 in the power supply system according to the modification of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 shows temporal
- surplus power consumption circuit 20 starts an operation of consuming surplus power.
- the charging power Pb of the power storage device B is reduced from the regenerative power Pgn by the power consumption Pc in the surplus power consumption circuit 20.
- the regenerative power Pgn exceeds the power consumption Pc, the direct current Ib flows in the negative direction.
- Control device 30D monitors the detected value of DC current Ib by current sensor 11 after time t1, and determines whether or not power storage device B can accept regenerative power based on the detected value. In this modification, control device 30D determines that power storage device B can accept regenerative power based on the detection value of DC current Ib input at a predetermined period exceeding a predetermined threshold value. The surplus power consumption circuit 20 is switched from operation to non-operation.
- the threshold value of the direct current Ib is set to be zero or a positive value as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the threshold value is set to zero, the surplus power consumption circuit 20 becomes non-operational when the regenerative power Pgn and the power consumption Pc become equal.
- the threshold value is set to a positive value, surplus power consumption circuit 20 becomes inactive after the power supply source to surplus power consumption circuit 20 is switched from AC motor M1 side to power storage device B. . Thereby, the power storage device B once overcharged can be lowered to a desired charged state.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing a control structure for realizing the operation / non-operation switching operation of surplus power consumption circuit 20 according to the modification of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- Each step in the flowchart shown in FIG. 18 is realized by executing a program stored in advance by control device 30D (FIG. 14) at a predetermined cycle.
- control device 30D FIG. 14
- control device 30D determines whether or not surplus power has been generated based on the overcharge information of power storage device B. When determining that surplus power has been generated, control device 30D sets switching control signal S10 to H. The level is activated and output to the switching element Q10. Thereby, the switching element Q10 is turned on, and the surplus power consumption operation in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is started (step S01).
- control device 30D obtains, from current sensor 11, DC current Ib (t) at time t after switching element Q10 is turned on. (Step S031).
- control device 30D determines whether or not direct current Ib (t) is larger than a predetermined threshold value (step S034).
- control device 30D returns to the initial process.
- control device 30D switches switching control signal S10 from the H level to the L level and outputs it to switching element Q10. .
- the switching element Q10 is turned off, and the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is deactivated (step S04).
- the current provided for managing the state of charge of power storage device B is used to determine whether or not to accept regenerative power during the operation of surplus power consumption. Since the detected value of the direct current Ib from the sensor 11 is used, it is not necessary to calculate or estimate the regenerative power and to add a sensor, and thus it is possible to more easily prevent the power storage device B from being overcharged.
- the configuration for determining whether or not to accept regenerative power using the detection value of the direct current Ib from the existing current sensor 11 is exemplified.
- the embodiment is described. 6 describes a configuration for determining whether or not to accept regenerative power using a detection value of the voltage sensor 10 (FIG. 14) provided to manage the state of charge of the power storage device B.
- the motor drive system according to the sixth embodiment is different from the motor drive system according to the fifth embodiment (FIG. 14) in that it includes a control device 30E instead of the control device 30D. The explanation will not be repeated.
- FIG. 19 shows the DC voltage Vb output from the power storage device B, the DC current Ib input / output, and the regenerative power Pgn by the on / off control of the surplus power consumption circuit 20 in the power supply system according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows a time change. In the same figure, as in FIG. 15, the electric power and current are shown with the discharging direction of power storage device B as the positive direction.
- surplus power consumption circuit 20 starts a surplus power consumption operation. Thereby, the charging power Pb of the power storage device B is reduced from the regenerative power Pgn by the power consumption Pc in the surplus power consumption circuit 20.
- Control device 30E monitors the detected value of DC voltage Vb by voltage sensor 10 after time t1, and determines whether or not power storage device B can accept regenerative power based on the detected value. Specifically, control device 30E compares the magnitude relationship between the detected value of DC voltage Vb input at a predetermined period and the stored value of the detected value of DC voltage Vb at time t1 when switching element Q10 is turned on. . When it is determined that the power storage device B can accept regenerative power based on the detected value of the DC voltage Vb being lower than the stored value, the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is switched from operation to non-operation.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a control structure for realizing the operation / non-operation switching operation of surplus power consumption circuit 20 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. Note that each step in the flowchart shown in FIG. 20 is realized by the control device 30E executing a program stored in advance at a predetermined cycle. Alternatively, for some steps, it is also possible to construct dedicated hardware (electronic circuit) and realize processing.
- control device 30E determines whether or not surplus power has been generated based on the overcharge information of power storage device B. If it is determined that surplus power has been generated, switching device 30E sets switching control signal S10 to H. The level is activated and output to the switching element Q10. Thereby, the switching element Q10 is turned on, and the surplus power consumption operation in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is started (step S01).
- control device 30E obtains DC voltage Vb (t) at time t after switching element Q10 is turned on from voltage sensor 10. (Step S041).
- control device 30E stores the DC voltage Vb (t1) at the time when the switching element Q10 is turned on in a memory (not shown) (step S042). Then, control device 30E determines whether or not direct-current voltage Vb (t) acquired at a predetermined cycle is smaller than stored value Vb (t1) of direct-current voltage (step S043).
- control device 30E switches switching control signal S10 from the H level to the L level to switch switching element Q10. Output to.
- the switching element Q10 is turned off, and the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is deactivated (step S04).
- the voltage provided for managing the state of charge of power storage device B is used to determine whether or not regenerative power can be accepted during the operation of surplus power consumption. Since the detection value of the DC voltage Vb from the sensor 10 is used, it is not necessary to calculate or estimate the regenerative power and to add a sensor, so that it is possible to more easily prevent the power storage device B from being overcharged.
- the configuration in which the detection value of the DC voltage Vb by the voltage sensor 10 is monitored has been exemplified.
- the input voltage by the voltage sensor connected between the power line 6 and the ground line 5 is used. It is good also as a structure which monitors the detection value of VL.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a motor drive system on which a power supply system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention is mounted.
- motor drive system 100 ⁇ / b> F is different from motor drive system 100 of FIG. 1 in that control device 30 ⁇ / b> F is included instead of control device 30.
- Control device 30F calculates the actual value of the regenerative power from the AC motor using the detection values of voltage sensor 10 and current sensor 11 for management of power storage device B, as described below.
- the power storage device B is configured to determine whether or not the regenerative power can be received based on the calculated regenerative power actual value.
- the regenerative power Pgn in the AC motor is the power consumption Pc in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 and the charge power Pb of the power storage device B.
- the total value of The actual values of the power consumption Pc and the charging power Pb are calculated according to the following equations (2) and (3) using the detected value of the DC voltage Vb by the voltage sensor 10 and the detected value of the DC current Ib by the current sensor 11, respectively. be able to.
- Pc Vb 2 / R
- Pb Vb ⁇ Ib (3)
- R shows the resistance value of resistance R10.
- the actual value of the regenerative power Pgn can be calculated based on the sum of the actual values of the power consumption Pc and the charging power Pb calculated by the above formulas (2) and (3).
- Control device 30F switches surplus power consumption circuit 20 from operation to non-operation when it is determined that power storage device B can accept the calculated regenerative power actual value Pgn.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing a control structure for realizing the operation / non-operation switching operation of surplus power consumption circuit 20 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- Each step in the flowchart shown in FIG. 22 is realized by executing a program stored in advance at a predetermined cycle by control device 30F (FIG. 21).
- control device 30F FIG. 21
- control device 30F determines whether or not surplus power has been generated based on the overcharge information of power storage device B. If it is determined that surplus power has been generated, switching device 30F sets switching control signal S10 to H. The level is activated and output to the switching element Q10. Thereby, the switching element Q10 is turned on, and the surplus power consumption operation in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is started (step S01).
- control device 30F receives DC voltage Vb (at time t after switching element Q10 is turned on from voltage sensor 10 and current sensor 11. t) and DC current Ib (t) are acquired (step S051). Then, control device 30F calculates actual value Pb (t) of the charging power of power storage device B according to the above equation (3) using acquired DC voltage Vb (t) and DC voltage Vb (t) ( Step S052). Further, control device 30F calculates actual value Pc (t) of power consumption in surplus power consumption circuit 20 according to the above equation (2) (step S053), and based on these calculation results, regeneration from AC motor M1 The actual power value Pgn (t) is calculated (step S054).
- control device 30F stores the actual value Pgn (t1) of the regenerative power at the time when the switching element Q10 is turned on in a memory (not shown) (step S055). Then, control device 30F determines whether or not actual regenerative power value Pgn (t) calculated at a predetermined cycle is smaller than stored value Pgn (t1) of the actual regenerative power value (step S056). That is, control device 30F determines whether or not power storage device B can accept the regenerative power by comparing the regenerative power at the time when surplus power is generated with the current regenerative power.
- control device 30F When the actual regenerative power value Pgn (t) is equal to or greater than the stored value Pgn (t1) (NO determination in step S056), the control device 30F returns to the initial process.
- control device 30F switches switching control signal S10 from H level to L level. Output to the element Q10. As a result, the switching element Q10 is turned off, and the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is deactivated (step S04).
- the seventh embodiment as in the third embodiment, only the temporal change in the regenerative power actual value Pgn (t) is used for determining whether or not the regenerative power can be accepted. Therefore, the occurrence of chattering in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing a control structure for realizing the operation / non-operation switching operation of surplus power consumption circuit 20 according to the modification of the seventh embodiment of the present invention. Note that each step in the flowchart shown in FIG. 23 is realized by the control device 30F (FIG. 21) executing a program stored in advance at a predetermined cycle. Alternatively, for some steps, it is also possible to construct dedicated hardware (electronic circuit) and realize processing.
- control device 30F determines whether or not surplus power has been generated based on the overcharge information of power storage device B. If it is determined that surplus power has been generated, switching device 30F sets switching control signal S10 to H. The level is activated and output to the switching element Q10. Thereby, the switching element Q10 is turned on, and the surplus power consumption operation in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is started (step S01).
- control device 30F receives DC voltage Vb (at time t after switching element Q10 is turned on from voltage sensor 10 and current sensor 11. t) and DC current Ib (t) are acquired (step S051). Then, control device 30F uses the acquired DC voltage Vb (t) and DC voltage Vb (t), and results Pb (t) of the charging power of power storage device B according to the above equations (2) and (3).
- the actual power consumption value Pc (t) in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is calculated (steps S052 and S053), the actual value Pgn (t) of the regenerative power from the AC motor M1 is calculated based on these calculation results. Calculate (step S054).
- control device 30F determines whether or not actual regenerative power value Pgn (t) is smaller than a predetermined threshold value (step S057).
- This threshold value is regenerative power that is regenerative power that can be received by power storage device B, and is set to allowable charging power Win of power storage device B as an example.
- control device 30F When the actual regenerative power value Pgn (t) is equal to or greater than the threshold value (when NO is determined in step S057), the control device 30F returns to the initial process.
- control device 30F switches switching control signal S10 from the H level to the L level to switching element Q10. Output. As a result, the switching element Q10 is turned off, and the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is deactivated (step S04).
- the actual value of regenerative power is obtained using the detected value of DC voltage Vb from voltage sensor 10 provided for managing the charging state of power storage device B. It is calculated, and whether or not regenerative power can be accepted is determined based on the calculated regenerative power actual value. Therefore, according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to reliably prevent the occurrence of overcharge in power storage device B without requiring addition of a new sensor.
- control device 30C according to the fourth embodiment has a software configuration based on the operating state of the AC motor. Therefore, in the case where regenerative power exceeding the power that can be received by the power storage device B is generated due to a sudden change in driving conditions (for example, sudden braking or slipping), the motor rotational speed is If recognition of the sudden change is delayed, there is a possibility that it is not possible to accurately determine whether or not regenerative power can be accepted.
- control device 30F according to the seventh embodiment calculates the actual value of regenerative power using the detection value of the existing sensor, so that accurate determination can be made even in such a case. It becomes possible.
- Embodiment 8 As another example of the configuration for determining whether or not to accept regenerative power on the software configuration without using the detection value of the sensor, the traveling pattern of an electric vehicle equipped with a motor drive system is used. A configuration for making the above determination based on the above will be described.
- the motor drive system according to the eighth embodiment is different from the motor drive system 100C in FIG. 11 in that it includes a control device 30G instead of the control device 30C. Detailed description will not be repeated.
- control device 30G is configured to preset a minimum on-time Ton for operating the surplus power consumption circuit 20 based on the power excess pattern in the first embodiment. It is applied and differs from the control device 30C in the fourth embodiment in that the regenerative power is not estimated on the software configuration.
- FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing a control structure for realizing the operation / non-operation switching operation of surplus power consumption circuit 20 according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- Each step in the flowchart shown in FIG. 24 is realized by executing a program stored in advance by control device 30G (not shown) at a predetermined cycle.
- control device 30G not shown
- control device 30G determines whether or not surplus power has been generated based on the overcharge information of power storage device B. If it is determined that surplus power has been generated, switching device 30G sets switching control signal S10 to H. The level is activated and output to the switching element Q10. Thereby, the switching element Q10 is turned on, and the surplus power consumption operation in the surplus power consumption circuit 20 is started (step S01).
- the control device 30G detects a travel pattern of the electric vehicle on which the motor drive system is mounted based on input information from various sensors.
- Input information from various sensors includes input signals from the wheel speed sensor for detecting the rotational speed of the drive shaft, and input from the accelerator opening sensor for detecting the accelerator opening that is the depression amount of the accelerator pedal. Signals etc. are included.
- control device 30G determines whether or not AC electric motor M1 is in a special operation state in which excessive regenerative power is assumed to be generated based on the detected traveling pattern of the electric vehicle.
- control device 30G determines that AC motor M1 is in a normal operation state in which the regenerative power is within the normal range, and is special.
- the operation flag F 0 is set (step S063).
- control device 30G determines whether or not AC motor M1 has transitioned from the special operation state to the normal operation state based on special operation flag F (step S065).
- step S065 determines whether or not AC motor M1 has transitioned from the special operation state to the normal operation state based on special operation flag F.
- step S065 that is, in the case of continuously in the special operation state, the control device 30G returns to the first process.
- control device 30C according to the fourth embodiment is configured to estimate regenerative power on the software configuration. For this reason, there is a possibility that whether or not regenerative power can be accepted can be accurately determined when the traveling state suddenly changes, whereas control device 30G according to the eighth embodiment can detect a sudden change in the traveling state. It is possible to make an accurate determination.
- the driving force generator 28 corresponds to the “load device” and the “driving force generator”
- the power storage device B corresponds to the “power storage device”.
- the surplus power consumption circuit 20 corresponds to a “surplus power consumption circuit”.
- the control devices 30 and 30A to 30G realize a “control device”.
- the configuration for generating the driving force of the vehicle has been described as an example of the “load device”.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the device that performs the actual power consumption, the power consumption, The present invention can be applied to any device capable of both power generation.
- the present invention can be applied to a power supply system configured to be able to exchange power with a load device and an electric vehicle equipped with the power supply system.
Abstract
Description
好ましくは、しきい値は、余剰電力消費回路がオン状態に駆動された時点での回生電力の記憶値に設定される。
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1による電源システムが搭載されるモータ駆動システムの構成を示すブロック図である。
以下の実施の形態2~8では、実施の形態1で説明した余剰電力消費回路20の動作/非動作の切換えを実現するための他の制御構造について説明する。すなわち、余剰電力消費回路20の制御以外のモータ制御については、実施の形態1に従うモータ駆動システム100と同様に行なわれるので、詳細な説明は繰り返さない。
上述した図8のステップS013における蓄電装置Bが回生電力を受入れ可能か否かの判定については、以下に説明するように、スイッチング素子Q10がオンされた時点での回生電力の実績値の記憶値に基づいて行なうように構成することも可能である。
本実施の形態4では、共通の電源に対して双方向に電力授受可能に接続された複数個の交流電動機を備えたモータ駆動システムにおける、交流電動機からの過大な回生電力の発生による直流電源の過充電を防止するための構成について説明する。
制御装置30Cは、図1に示した制御装置30と同様の制御構成に基づき、モータジェネレータMG1が指令値に従って動作するように、インバータ14のスイッチング制御信号S13~S18を生成する。同様に、制御装置30Cは、制御装置30と同様の制御構成に基づき、モータジェネレータMG2が指令値に従って動作するように、インバータ31のスイッチング制御信号S23~S28を生成する。
P=Tqcom1×ω1+Loss1+Tqcom2×ω2+Loss2+LossC ・・・(1)
ただし、Loss1はモータジェネレータMG1における電力損失分を示し、Loss2はモータジェネレータMG2における電力損失分を示し、LossCは昇降圧コンバータ12における電力損失分を示す。
上述した図12のステップS022における蓄電装置Bが回生電力を受入れ可能か否かの判定については、図10のステップS0131,S0132で説明したのと同様に、スイッチング素子Q10がオンされた時点での回生電力の推定値の記憶値に基づいて行なうように構成することも可能である。
図14は、この発明の実施の形態5による電源システムが搭載されるモータ駆動システムの構成を示すブロック図である。図14を参照して、モータ駆動システム100Dは、図1のモータ駆動システム100と比較して、制御装置30に代えて制御装置30Dを含む点で異なる。
なお、直流電流Ibの検出値を用いた回生電力の受入れ可否の判定は、以下の変更例に示す制御構成によっても行なうことができる。
実施の形態5では、既設の電流センサ11からの直流電流Ibの検出値を用いて回生電力の受入れ可否を判定する構成について例示したが、既設のセンサを用いた他の構成として、実施の形態6では、蓄電装置Bの充電状態を管理するために設けられている電圧センサ10(図14)の検出値を用いて回生電力の受入れ可否を判定する構成について説明する。なお、実施の形態6に従うモータ駆動システムは、実施の形態5に従うモータ駆動システム(図14)と比較して、制御装置30Dに代えて制御装置30Eを含む点で異なることから、図示ならびに詳細な説明は繰り返さない。
既設のセンサを用いた他の構成として、実施の形態7では、蓄電装置Bの充電状態を管理するために設けられている電圧センサ10および電流センサ11の検出値を用いて回生電力の受入れ可否を判定する構成について説明する。
Pc=Vb2/R ・・・(2)
Pb=Vb×Ib ・・・(3)
ただし、Rは抵抗R10の抵抗値を示す。
図23は、本発明の実施の形態7の変更例に従う余剰電力消費回路20の動作/非動作の切換動作を実現するための制御構造を示すフローチャートである。なお、図23に示すフローチャート中の各ステップについては、制御装置30F(図21)が予め格納されたプログラムを所定周期で実行することによって実現される。あるいは、一部のステップについては、専用のハードウェア(電子回路)を構築して処理を実現することも可能である。
最後に、以下の実施の形態8では、センサの検出値を用いず、ソフトウェア構成上で回生電力の受入れ可否を判定する構成の他の例として、モータ駆動システムが搭載された電動車両の走行パターンに基づいて上記判定を行なう構成について説明する。
Claims (13)
- 負荷装置との間で電力を授受可能な電源システム(10♯)であって、
前記負荷装置へ電力を供給する一方で、前記負荷装置が発電する回生電力により充電される蓄電装置(B)と、
オン状態に駆動されることにより、前記回生電力のうち前記蓄電装置(B)に充電されない余剰電力を消費するように構成された余剰電力消費回路(20)と、
前記余剰電力消費回路(20)を制御する制御装置(30,30A~30G)とを備え、
前記制御装置(30,30A~30G)は、前記余剰電力消費回路(20)がオン状態であるときに、前記蓄電装置(B)の前記回生電力の受入れ可否を判断するとともに、前記蓄電装置(B)が前記回生電力を受入れ可能と判断された場合に、前記余剰電力消費回路(20)をオフ状態に駆動する、電源システム。 - 前記制御装置(30)は、前記余剰電力消費回路(20)がオン状態に駆動された時点からの経過時間を計時し、計時した前記経過時間が所定時間を超えたときに、前記蓄電装置(B)が前記回生電力を受入れ可能と判断する、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電源システム。
- 前記負荷装置は、前記電源システム(10♯)から供給される電力を受けて車両の駆動力を発生する駆動力発生部(28)を含み、
前記所定時間は、前記車両の走行状況の変化に応じて前記余剰電力が発生することが想定される期間を含むように設定される、請求の範囲第2項に記載の電源システム。 - 前記制御装置(30A~30C,30F)は、前記余剰電力消費回路(20)がオン状態に駆動された時点からの前記回生電力の時間的変化を取得するとともに、取得した前記回生電力が予め定められたしきい値を下回ったときに、前記蓄電装置(B)が前記回生電力を受入可能と判断する、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電源システム。
- 前記しきい値は、前記蓄電装置(B)の許容充電電力に基づいて設定される、請求の範囲第4項に記載の電源システム。
- 前記しきい値は、前記余剰電力消費回路(20)がオン状態に駆動された時点での前記回生電力の記憶値に設定される、請求の範囲第4項に記載の電源システム。
- 前記負荷装置と前記電源システム(10♯)との間で電力を授受可能に構成された電力線(6)と、
前記電力線(6)の電圧値を検出する電圧センサ(22)と、
前記電力線(6)の電流値を検出する電流センサ(21)とをさらに備え、
前記制御装置(30A)は、前記電圧センサ(22)および前記電流センサ(21)によってそれぞれ検出された前記電力線の電圧値および電流値に基づいて、前記電力線(6)上で前記負荷装置との間で授受される電力実績値を算出することにより、前記回生電力の時間的変化を取得する、請求の範囲第4項~第6項のいずれか1項に記載の電源システム。 - 前記制御装置(30C)は、前記負荷装置の運転状態に基づいて前記回生電力を推定することにより、前記回生電力の時間的変化を取得する、請求の範囲第4項~第6項のいずれか1項に記載の電源システム。
- 前記余剰電力消費回路(20)は、オン状態に駆動されたときに前記直流電源(B)に並列に接続される抵抗(R10)を含み、
前記電源システム(10♯)は、
前記蓄電装置(B)の電圧値を検出する電圧センサ(10)と、
前記蓄電装置(B)の電流値を検出する電流センサ(11)とをさらに備え、
前記制御装置(30F)は、前記電圧センサ(10)および前記電流センサ(11)によってそれぞれ検出された前記蓄電装置(B)の電圧値および電流値と前記抵抗(R10)の抵抗値とに基づいて、前記直流電源(B)の充電電力および前記余剰電力消費回路(20)での消費電力の実績値を算出することにより、前記回生電力の時間的変化を取得する、請求の範囲第4項~第6項のいずれか1項に記載の電源システム。 - 前記蓄電装置(B)の電流値を検出する電流センサ(11)をさらに備え、
前記制御装置(30D)は、前記電流センサ(11)によって検出された前記蓄電装置(B)の電流値に基づいて、前記蓄電装置(B)の前記回生電力の受入れ可否を判断する、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電源システム。 - 前記蓄電装置(B)の電圧値を検出する電圧センサ(10)をさらに備え、
前記制御装置(30E)は、前記電圧センサ(10)によって検出された前記蓄電装置(B)の電圧値に基づいて、前記蓄電装置(B)の前記回生電力の受入れ可否を判断する、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電源システム。 - 前記負荷装置は、前記電源システム(10♯)から供給される電力を受けて車両の駆動力を発生する駆動力発生部(28)を含み、
前記制御装置(30G)は、前記車両の走行パターンに基づいて、前記負荷装置が、前記余剰電力が発生することが想定される運転状態から通常状態へ遷移したことが検出されたときに、前記蓄電装置(B)が前記回生電力を受入れ可能と判断する、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電源システム。 - 電源システム(10♯)と、
前記電源システム(10♯)から供給される電力を受けて駆動力を発生する駆動力発生部(28)とを備える電動車両であって、
前記電源システム(10♯)は、
前記駆動力発生部(28)へ電力を供給する一方で、前記駆動力発生部(28)が発電する回生電力により充電される蓄電装置(B)と、
オン状態に駆動されることにより、前記回生電力のうち前記蓄電装置(B)に充電されない余剰電力を消費するように構成された余剰電力消費回路(20)と、
前記余剰電力消費回路(20)を制御する制御装置(30,30A~30G)とを含み、
前記制御装置(30,30A~30G)は、前記余剰電力消費回路(20)がオン状態であるときに、前記蓄電装置(B)の前記回生電力の受入れ可否を判断するとともに、前記蓄電装置(B)が前記回生電力を受入れ可能と判断された場合に、前記余剰電力消費回路(20)をオフ状態に駆動する、電動車両。
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EP09839666.6A EP2394837B8 (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2009-02-09 | Power supply system and electric vehicle using the same |
CN200980156416XA CN102307746B (zh) | 2009-02-09 | 2009-02-09 | 电源系统以及具备该电源系统的电动车辆 |
PCT/JP2009/052150 WO2010089889A1 (ja) | 2009-02-09 | 2009-02-09 | 電源システムおよびそれを備えた電動車両 |
JP2010549326A JP4941595B2 (ja) | 2009-02-09 | 2009-02-09 | 電源システム |
US13/148,394 US8305018B2 (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2009-02-09 | Power supply system and electric powered vehicle using the same |
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US20120019176A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
EP2394837A1 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
JPWO2010089889A1 (ja) | 2012-08-09 |
JP4941595B2 (ja) | 2012-05-30 |
EP2394837B1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
EP2394837B8 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
CN102307746A (zh) | 2012-01-04 |
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EP2394837A4 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
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