JP6313560B2 - 窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒、その製造方法、及びこれを利用した窒素酸化物の除去方法 - Google Patents
窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒、その製造方法、及びこれを利用した窒素酸化物の除去方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6313560B2 JP6313560B2 JP2013196942A JP2013196942A JP6313560B2 JP 6313560 B2 JP6313560 B2 JP 6313560B2 JP 2013196942 A JP2013196942 A JP 2013196942A JP 2013196942 A JP2013196942 A JP 2013196942A JP 6313560 B2 JP6313560 B2 JP 6313560B2
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 371
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 121
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical class [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 74
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZWWCURLKEXEFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen pentaoxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[N+]([O-])=O ZWWCURLKEXEFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen tetraoxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)[N+]([O-])=O WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZDSILRDTDCIQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen trioxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N=O LZDSILRDTDCIQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 urea oxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001730 nitrous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013842 nitrous oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
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- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
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- B01D53/565—Nitrogen oxides by treating the gases with solids
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
Description
γ−Al2O3(BET=207m2/g)にAlF3・3H2Oを含浸して、γ−Al2O3に担持されたAlF3含有量がそれぞれ1.5、4.4、14重量%(製造例1、2、3)となるように製造し、これらを110℃のオーブンで12時間乾燥後、550℃で5時間焼成して、AlF3/Al2O3触媒を製造した。製造されたAlF3/Al2O3触媒にAgNO3溶液を含浸してAg含有量がそれぞれ4重量%となるように製造し、これらをさらに110℃のオーブンで12時間乾燥後、550℃で5時間焼成して、Ag/AlF3/Al2O3触媒を製造した。
[実施例1〜3]
前記製造例1〜3で製造されたAg/AlF3/Al2O3触媒を触媒反応装置に入れて、窒素酸化物除去率を測定する前に、2.5体積%のH2O、6体積%のO2、及び残留量Heの混合ガス下で、550℃の温度で2時間前処理を実施した。
前処理後、400ppmvのNO、2.5体積%のH2O、6体積%O2 、及び残留量Heを注入し、還元剤として640ppmvのC2H5OH、17ppmvのC12H26、15ppmvのC8H10を注入した。この時、空間速度は60、000h−1にし、200〜500℃間の反応温度で活性を測定した。測定したそれぞれの反応温度では2時間正常状態を維持した。また、炭素/窒素酸化物の混合比(C1/NOx)は4にした。この結果から、注入された窒素酸化物の濃度に対して生成された窒素またはアンモニア濃度の比率を計算して、窒素酸化物の窒素またはアンモニアへの転換率(%)の結果を図1と図2にそれぞれ示した。
実施例1〜3と比較するために、銀(Ag)の含有量が4重量%となるAg/Al2O3触媒を製造して、実施例1〜3と同様の方法で触媒反応を実施して、その結果を図1と図2に示した。
Ag/Al2O3触媒(第1触媒層)とCu−ZSM5触媒(第2触媒層)から構成された触媒システム(第1触媒層:第2触媒層の体積比=1:1)を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例2と同様に実施した。この時、第1触媒層を前段触媒として用い、前段触媒と後端触媒の体積を同一にした。この時、反応基の空間速度は60、000h−1にした。つまり、比較例2に用いられた第1触媒と第2触媒を合わせた総体積は実施例2に用いられた触媒の体積と同一である。この結果から、注入された窒素酸化物の濃度に対して生成された窒素の比率を計算して、窒素酸化物の窒素への転換率(%)の結果を図3に示した。
製造例2で製造されたAg(4.0)/AlF3(4.4)/Al2O3触媒のアンモニア酸化能力を確認するために、反応ガスとして400ppmvのNH3、2.5体積%のH2O、6体積%のO2 、及び残留量Heを注入した。この時、空間速度は60、000h−1にし、200〜500℃間の反応温度でそれぞれ2時間正常状態を維持した後、各反応温度での活性を測定した。この結果から、アンモニア転換率、アンモニアの窒素酸化物への転換率、及びアンモニアの窒素への転換率の結果を図4、図5、図6にそれぞれ示した。
実施例4と比較するために、銀(Ag)の含有量が4重量%となるAg/Al2O3触媒を製造して、実施例4と同様な方法で触媒反応を実施して、その結果を図4、図5、図6に示した。
図1と図2は、実施例1〜3と比較例1において、反応温度による窒素酸化物で窒素(図1)またはアンモニア(図2)への転換率を示すグラフである。図1と図2で実施例1〜3は、AlF3が1.5から14重量%ほど添加されたAg/AlF3/Al2O3触媒を示し、比較例1は、AlF3が添加されないAg/Al2O3触媒を示す。
Claims (15)
- 担体;及び
前記担体に固定された銀(Ag)系化合物とフッ化アルミニウムを含み、
フッ化アルミニウム0.5〜30重量%;
銀(Ag)系化合物0.1〜15重量%;及び
残量の担体を含むことを特徴とする、窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒。 - 前記担体は、アルミナ、天然または人工のゼオライト、天然または人工のベントナイト、粘土、飛散灰、活性炭、活性シリカ、二酸化チタン、及び炭酸カルシウムからなる群より選択した1種以上を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒。
- 前記担体は、アルファ型、ガンマ型、エータ型、デルタ型またはシータ型の結晶構造を有するアルミナであることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒。
- 前記担体は、比表面積(BET)が10〜300m2/gであることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒。
- 前記銀(Ag)系化合物は、還元状態の銀(Ag)、酸化銀(AgO)、塩化銀(AgCl)、硝酸銀(AgNO3)、硫酸銀( Ag 2 SO 4 )またはこれらの混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒。
- フッ化アルミニウム、その水和物またはその塩と、銀(Ag)系化合物またはその水和物を担体と反応させる含浸段階;及び前記担体を焼成する段階を含む窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒の製造方法であって、
前記含浸段階は、フッ化アルミニウム、その水和物またはその塩を担体と反応させて焼成する段階;及び前記焼成された担体を銀(Ag)系化合物またはその水和物と反応させて再度焼成する段階を含むことを特徴とする、窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒の製造方法。 - 前記含浸段階は、フッ化アルミニウム、その水和物またはその塩を含む溶液、または銀(Ag)系化合物またはその水和物を含む溶液を、担体と1〜24時間反応させる段階を含むことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記含浸段階の結果物を90〜150℃で1〜24時間乾燥する段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記焼成段階は300〜1000℃で1〜24時間行われることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記請求項1の窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒の存在下で、窒素酸化物を含む排気ガスと還元剤を反応させて、前記窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒、窒素酸化物を含む排気ガス及び還元剤を含む総反応物を生成させる段階を含むことを特徴とする、排気ガス内の窒素酸化物の除去方法。
- 前記総反応物のうちの窒素酸化物還元反応用担持触媒の含有量が50〜500ppmvであることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の窒素酸化物の除去方法。
- 前記総反応物のうちの還元剤の含有量が炭素(C1)数含有量を基準として400〜3200ppmvであることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の窒素酸化物の除去方法。
- 前記還元剤は、エタノール、ドデカン、及びメタキシレンからなる群より選択した1種以上の還元剤であることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の窒素酸化物の除去方法。
- 前記反応は、150〜600℃の温度で100〜200、000h−1の空間速度で行われることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の窒素酸化物の除去方法。
- 前記排気ガス内の窒素酸化物の除去率は、還元反応温度270〜400℃で80%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の窒素酸化物の除去方法。
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