JP6269858B2 - 炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6269858B2 JP6269858B2 JP2016560177A JP2016560177A JP6269858B2 JP 6269858 B2 JP6269858 B2 JP 6269858B2 JP 2016560177 A JP2016560177 A JP 2016560177A JP 2016560177 A JP2016560177 A JP 2016560177A JP 6269858 B2 JP6269858 B2 JP 6269858B2
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- Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
Description
実施の形態1にかかる炭化珪素(SiC)半導体装置の製造方法により作製された炭化珪素半導体装置の一例としてプレーナゲート型IGBT(以下、SiC−IGBTとする)の構造について説明する。図1は、実施の形態1にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法によって作製された半導体装置の構造を示す説明図である。図1(a)にはSiC−IGBT100の要部断面図を示し、図1(b)にはn+型フィールドストップ層3付近のドーピング濃度プロファイルを示す。図1に示すように、実施の形態1にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置は、n-型ドリフト層1となるn-型炭化珪素基板(半導体チップ)11のおもて面11a側に、p型ベース領域22、n+型エミッタ領域2、ゲート絶縁膜23およびゲート電極24からなるMOSゲート構造を備える。
次に、実施の形態2にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法について説明する。図3Aは、実施の形態2にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法の概要を示すフローチャートである。実施の形態2にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法が実施の形態1にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法と異なる点は、裏面バリアメタルの形成および裏面バリアメタルのシンターの対を、プロトン注入16および炉アニールの対と入れ替えた点である。
次に、実施の形態3にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法について説明する。図3Bは、実施の形態3にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法の概要を示すフローチャートである。実施の形態3にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法が実施の形態2にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法と異なる点は、レーザーアニールを、プロトン注入16後で、かつ裏面バリアメタルの形成前に行う点である。
次に、実施の形態4として、複数段のプロトン注入によって形成される複数段のn+型フィールドストップ層のうち、1段目のn+型フィールドストップ層のドーピング濃度のピーク(以下、プロトンピークとする)の好ましい位置について、一般的なIGBTを例に説明する。図5は、一般的なIGBTの電圧波形が振動を始める閾値電圧について示す特性図である。図6は、一般的なIGBTのターンオフ発振波形を示す特性図である。図7は、本発明にかかる半導体装置において空乏層が最初に達するFS(フィールドストップ)層の位置条件を示す図表である。1段目のn+型フィールドストップ層とは、n-型炭化珪素基板の裏面から最も深い位置(最もp型ベース領域側)に形成されたn+型フィールドストップ層である。他のn+型フィールドストップ層は、1段目のn+型フィールドストップ層からn-型炭化珪素基板の裏面側に向う方向に2段目、3段目、・・・n段目とする。プロトンピークの位置とは、n+型フィールドストップ層のドーピング濃度のピーク(プロトンピーク)の、n-型炭化珪素基板の裏面からの深さである。
次に、実施の形態5にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の構造について説明する。図9は、実施の形態5にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の構造を示す断面図である。図9(a)にはダイオード(以下、SiC−ダイオードとする)の断面構造を示し、図9(b)には図9(a)の炭化珪素半導体部のネットドーピング濃度分布を示す。実施の形態5にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置は、実施の形態1をSiC−ダイオードに適用した一例である。この場合、実施の形態4にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法は、実施の形態1にかかる炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法のプロセスフロー(図2)のステップS1、S4,S5,S10,S12において、次の処理を行えばよい。おもて面側の各部の形成(ステップS1)においてp型アノード層52を形成する。p型不純物のイオン注入(ステップS4)に代えて、例えばリン、窒素(N)または砒素(As)のイオン注入によりn+型カソード層(拡散層)53を形成する。
2 n+型エミッタ領域
3 n+型フィールドストップ層
3a n+型フィールドストップ層のコレクタ側の端部
4 p型コレクタ層
11 n-型炭化珪素基板
11a n-型炭化珪素基板のおもて面
11b n-型炭化珪素基板の裏面
12 レーザーアニールありの場合のドーピング濃度プロファイル
13 レーザーアニールなしの場合のドーピング濃度プロファイル
14 プロトン通過領域
15 レーザーアニールなしの場合にプロトン通過領域に残留する結晶欠陥層
16 プロトン注入
17 プロトンの飛程
18 n型ディスオーダー低減領域
22 p型ベース領域
23 ゲート絶縁膜
24 ゲート電極
25 エミッタ電極
27 n型中間層
28 層間絶縁膜
100 SiC−IGBT
Claims (16)
- 炭化珪素からなるn型半導体基板の一方の主面からp型またはn型の不純物を導入する不純物導入工程と、
前記不純物を活性化させて、前記n型半導体基板の内部にp型またはn型の拡散層を形成する第1形成工程と、
前記n型半導体基板の一方の主面から前記不純物の導入位置よりも深い位置にプロトンを注入するプロトン注入工程と、
前記プロトンをドナー化することで水素誘起ドナーを形成し、前記n型半導体基板の一方の主面から前記拡散層よりも深い位置にn型フィールドストップ層を形成する第2形成工程と、
前記n型半導体基板の一方の主面から前記プロトンの飛程までのプロトン通過領域に生成された結晶欠陥を低減させてn型結晶欠陥低減領域を形成する第3形成工程と、
前記n型半導体基板の他方の主面上に電極を形成する電極形成工程と、
を含み、
前記電極形成工程の前に、前記プロトン注入工程を行い、
同一の加熱工程により前記第2形成工程および前記第3形成工程を行い、
前記加熱工程の温度は、900℃以上1300℃以下であることを特徴とする炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記電極形成工程は、前記電極を400℃以上500℃以下の温度で加熱して焼結することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 炭化珪素半導体装置を、前記不純物導入工程、前記第1形成工程、前記プロトン注入工程および前記加熱工程の順に行うことによって製造することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記加熱工程では、前記n型半導体基板の全体を加熱することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記加熱工程では、炉アニールによって前記n型半導体基板の全体を加熱することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 同一の前記加熱工程により前記第1形成工程、前記第2形成工程および前記第3形成工程を行うことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 炭化珪素半導体装置を、前記不純物導入工程、前記プロトン注入工程および前記加熱工程の順に行うことによって製造することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記加熱工程では、前記プロトン通過領域を加熱することを特徴とする請求項1、2、6または7に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記n型半導体基板の一方の主面に、前記n型半導体基板とのオーミックコンタクトを形成する金属膜を形成する第4形成工程をさらに含み、
前記第1形成工程では、前記n型半導体基板の一方の主面からレーザー光を照射するレーザーアニールによって前記不純物を活性化させ、
前記第1形成工程より後に前記第4形成工程を行うことを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一つに記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記加熱工程より後に前記第4形成工程を行うことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記n型半導体基板の一方の主面に、前記n型半導体基板とのオーミックコンタクトを形成する金属膜を形成する第4形成工程をさらに含み、
前記加熱工程より後に前記第4形成工程を行うことを特徴とする請求項1、2、6、7または8に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記加熱工程の温度は、前記オーミックコンタクトを形成するための熱処理温度より高いことを特徴とする請求項10または11に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記加熱工程の温度は、1000℃以上1200℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記加熱工程の温度は、1100℃以上であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記不純物導入工程の前に、前記n型半導体基板の他方の主面側に、絶縁ゲート型バイポーラトランジスタのおもて面素子構造を形成する工程をさらに含み、
前記不純物導入工程では、p型の前記不純物を導入し、
前記第1形成工程では、p型コレクタ層となるp型の前記拡散層を形成することを特徴とする請求項1〜14のいずれか一つに記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記不純物導入工程の前に、前記n型半導体基板の他方の主面側に、ダイオードのおもて面素子構造を形成する工程をさらに含み、
前記不純物導入工程では、n型の前記不純物を導入し、
前記第1形成工程では、n型カソード層となるn型の前記拡散層を形成することを特徴とする請求項1〜14のいずれか一つに記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
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