JP6248020B2 - 繊維強化複合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
繊維強化複合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6248020B2 JP6248020B2 JP2014198419A JP2014198419A JP6248020B2 JP 6248020 B2 JP6248020 B2 JP 6248020B2 JP 2014198419 A JP2014198419 A JP 2014198419A JP 2014198419 A JP2014198419 A JP 2014198419A JP 6248020 B2 JP6248020 B2 JP 6248020B2
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Description
近年、このような繊維強化樹脂シートを樹脂発泡体からなる芯材に積層一体化させることによって優れた強度と軽量性とを兼ね備えた繊維強化複合体を作製することが検討されている(下記特許文献1参照)。
この種の繊維強化複合体は、繊維強化樹脂シートによって形成された高強度な繊維強化樹脂層が表面に備えられており、且つ、芯材に軽量な樹脂発泡体が使用されていることから、風力発電用の風車の翼、電子機器の筺体、自動車部品などといった高い機械的強度と軽量性とが求められる分野において用途を拡大させている。
その一方で、基材シートが織物である方が繊維強化樹脂層を高強度なものとさせ易い。
しかしながら、基材シートが織物である繊維強化樹脂シートを用いても、芯材との積層時に基材シートの繊維が乱れた状態になってしまうと繊維強化複合体に十分な強度が発揮されない場合があり、その対策が求められている。
そして、本発明者は、ポリエステル系樹脂を芯材の主原料としている場合において所定の表面性状を芯材に付与することによって上記のような問題を解決し得ることを見出して本発明を完成させるに至った。
まず、繊維強化複合体について説明する。
本実施形態の繊維強化は、繊維織物からなる基材シート及び該基材シートに担持された樹脂を備えた繊維強化樹脂シートとポリエステル系樹脂発泡体からなる芯材とが積層一体化されたものであり、前記繊維強化樹脂シートによって芯材表面に繊維強化樹脂層が備えられたものである。
ここで前記芯材としては、例えば、ポリエステル系樹脂発泡シート(以下、単に「発泡シート」ともいう)やポリエステル系樹脂発泡ビーズを型内成形したビーズ発泡成形体が挙げられるが、以下においては、芯材が発泡シートである場合を例にして、本発明の実施形態について説明する。
該発泡シートは、その生産効率面から、ポリエステル系樹脂を主成分としたポリエステル系樹脂組成物を押出発泡させたものが好ましい。
該発泡シートは、少なくとも片面が2.5μm以下の表面粗さ(Ra)を有し、この表面粗さを有する面に繊維強化樹脂シートを積層させるべく用いられるものである。
なお、一般的な押出発泡法では、発泡シートを2.5μm以下の表面粗さ(Ra)とすることは難しい。
そのため、発泡シートは、表面粗さ(Ra)が2.5μmを超える状態で一旦作製された後に、別途、表面粗さ(Ra)が2.5μm以下となるように処理されることが好ましい。
なお、直接、2.5μm以下の表面粗さ(Ra)を有する芯材を得ることが難しい点についてはビーズ発泡成形体についても同じである。
該ポリエステル樹脂としては、例えば、芳香族ポリエステル樹脂、ポリ乳酸系樹脂などの脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂が挙げられる。
前記発泡シートに含有させる芳香族ポリエステル樹脂は、ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂であることが好ましい。
なお、芳香族ポリエステル樹脂は、単独で用いられても二種以上が併用されてもよい。
ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂などの芳香族ポリエステル樹脂を架橋するための架橋剤としては、例えば、無水ピロメリット酸などの酸二無水物、多官能エポキシ化合物、オキサゾリン化合物、オキサジン化合物などが挙げられる。
なお、架橋剤は、単独で用いられても二種以上が併用されてもよい。
押出機に供給する架橋剤の量は、少なすぎると、ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂の溶融粘度を不足させるおそれがある。
即ち、架橋剤の量が少なすぎると架橋後のポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂の溶融粘度が低すぎて発泡シートを押出発泡する際に破泡が生じ易くなるおそれがある。
一方で、架橋剤の量が多すぎると、ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂の溶融粘度が高くなりすぎて、発泡シートを押出発泡によって製造する場合などにおいて押出機の負荷が高くなり過ぎて押出発泡自体が困難となるおそれがある。
従って、前記芯材を構成するための樹脂組成物のベース樹脂を架橋ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂とする場合、前記ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂100質量部に対して架橋剤を0.01〜5質量部の割合で用いて架橋させたものを採用することが好ましい。
また、前記割合は、0.1〜1質量部であることがより好ましい。
発泡シートに含有させる熱可塑性樹脂をポリ乳酸系樹脂とする場合、商業的な入手容易性及び発泡性付与の容易性の観点から、該ポリ乳酸系樹脂は、D−乳酸(D体)及びL−乳酸(L体)の共重合体、D−乳酸又はL−乳酸のいずれか一方の単独重合体、D−ラクチド、L−ラクチド及びDL−ラクチドからなる群から選択される1又は2以上のラクチドの開環重合体が好ましい。
なお、ポリ乳酸系樹脂は、単独で用いられても二種以上が併用されてもよい。
該単量体成分としては、例えば、グリコール酸、ヒドロキシ酪酸、ヒドロキシ吉草酸、ヒドロキシカプロン酸、ヒドロキシヘプタン酸などの脂肪族ヒドロキシカルボン酸;コハク酸、アジピン酸、スベリン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカンジカルボン酸、無水コハク酸、無水アジピン酸、トリメシン酸、プロパントリカルボン酸、ピロメリット酸、無水ピロメリット酸などの脂肪族多価カルボン酸;エチレングリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノール、ネオペンチルグリコール、デカメチレングリコール、グリセリン、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリトリットなどが挙げられる。
ポリ乳酸系樹脂は、イソシアネート系架橋剤などによって架橋されていてもよく、エステル結合以外の結合を主鎖や側鎖に備えていてもよい。
なお、化学発泡剤は、単独で用いられても二種以上が併用されてもよい。
なお、物理発泡剤は、単独で用いられても二種以上が併用されてもよい。
繊維強化樹脂シートの基材シートを構成する繊維は、例えば、ステンレス繊維やスチール繊維などの金属繊維、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、ボロン繊維、炭化ケイ素繊維、アルミナ繊維、チラノ繊維、玄武岩繊維やその他のセラミックス繊維といった無機繊維;アラミド繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、ポリパラフェニレンベンズオキサドール(PBO)繊維などの有機繊維;などが挙げられる。
なかでも基材シートを構成する繊維は、優れた機械的強度及び耐熱性を有していることから、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維が好ましく、炭素繊維がより好ましい。
また、前記繊維強化樹脂層についても、1枚の繊維強化樹脂シートのみで構成させる必要はなく、複数枚の繊維強化樹脂シートで繊維強化樹脂層を形成させることも可能である。
前記熱可塑性樹脂としては、特に限定されず、オレフィン系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂、熱可塑性ポリウレタン樹脂、サルファイド系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂などが挙げられる。
なお、熱可塑性樹脂は、単独で用いられても二種以上が併用されてもよい。
前記繊維強化樹脂シートを構成する樹脂は、発泡シートとの接着性を考慮すると熱可塑性樹脂の中ではポリエステル樹脂が好ましい。
なお、熱硬化性樹脂は、単独で用いられても二種以上が併用されてもよい。
また、繊維強化樹脂シートの厚みは、0.02〜2mmが好ましく、0.05〜1mmがより好ましい。
(a)シート作製工程
まず、発泡剤を含有させたポリエステル系樹脂組成物をサーキュラーダイを装着した押出機内で溶融混練し、溶融混練物を前記サーキュラーダイの円環状の吐出口から筒状に押出し、該溶融混練物を発泡させて円筒状の発泡シートを形成させ、この円筒状の発泡シートを引取機で押出方向下流側に引き取りながら周方向の1箇所、又は、複数箇所において連続的に切断し、長尺帯状の発泡シートを作製するシート作製工程。
(b)養生工程
前記シート作製工程で得られた発泡シートを所定の温度で所定期間保管し、内部に残存する発泡剤を外部の空気と置換させるとともに押出発泡時に生じた歪みを緩和させる養生工程。
(c)シート平滑化工程
前記養生工程後の発泡シートを、熱プレスなどにより加熱・加圧し、プレス前よりも表面を平滑化させるシート平滑化工程。
(d)予備成形体作製工程
所定の大きさに外形加工した発泡シートの表面に繊維強化樹脂シートを仮接着し、予備成形体を作製する予備成形体作製工程。
(e)積層工程
製品形状に対応したキャビティ空間を有する成形型に前記予備成形体を仕込み、これを熱プレスやオートクレーブにより加熱・加圧し発泡シートからなる芯材と、繊維強化樹脂シートとを積層一体化させ、芯材の表面に繊維強化樹脂層が形成された繊維強化複合体を作製する積層工程。
具体的には、予備成形体を構成する芯材は、2.5μm以下の表面粗さ(Ra)を有することが基材シートの繊維の乱れを抑制する上において重要である。
その一方で、シート作製工程において、表面平滑性に優れた発泡シートを得るには、製造条件上において種々の制約を受けてしまい、繊維強化複合体の生産効率上好ましいものではない。
従って、シート作製工程においては、表面粗さ(Ra)が2.5μmを超える状態の発泡シートを作製させることが好ましい。
そして、このシート作製工程で得られた発泡シートの表面を予備成形体の形成に適した平滑状態にするために前記シート平滑化工程を実施すればよい。
なお、芯材がビーズ発泡成形体の場合も表面粗さ(Ra)が2.5μmを超える状態の成形体を作製後、このシート平滑化工程と同様の平滑化工程を実施し、当該成形体の表面粗さ(Ra)を2.5μm以下にすることが良好な繊維強化複合体を得る上において重要である。
即ち、本実施形態において発泡シートやビーズ発泡成形体に対して実施する平滑化工程は、発泡シートや成形体からなる芯材の表面粗さ(Ra)を2.5μm以下とする工程である。
なお、表面粗さ(Ra)を極端に小さな値にするのは過度な手間を要することから積層工程に供される芯材は、表面粗さ(Ra)を0.5μm以上とすることが好ましく、1.0μm以上とすることがより好ましい。
(表面粗さ(Ra)の求め方)
表面粗さは、JIS B0601:2013に準じて測定した。
具体的には、表面粗さは、測定装置として(株)キーエンス製の「ダブルスキャン高精度レーザー測定器LT−9500、LT−9010M」を用い、データ処理ソフトとしてコムス(株)製の「非接触輪郭形状 粗さ測定システムMAP−2DS」を用いて測定を行った。
測定条件については、測定範囲を18000μm、測定ピッチを5μm、測定速度を1000μm/秒、評価長さを12.5mm、基準長さを2.5mm、光量を40に設定し、平均フィルターを2、ノイズフィルターを1とした。
試験片は、発泡シートから幅100mm×長さ100mm×厚み(シート厚み)のものを切り出して作製した。
試験片の数は5個とし、試験片それぞれの表裏両面の押出方向及び流れ方向における表面粗さを測定した。
算術平均粗さ(Ra)は、平均線から測定曲線までの偏差の絶対値を合計し、基準長さで平均した(n=20)。
なお、最大高さは、平均線から最も高い山頂までの高さと、最も低い谷底までの深さの和から求めた(n=20)。
また、表面粗さの輪郭曲線要素の平均長さ(Sm)は、平均線と輪郭線との交点間距離の算術平均値である。
このシート平滑化工程後の発泡シートは、表面が平滑であるばかりでなく結晶化度が向上されて表面が硬質であるために、前記積層工程において繊維強化樹脂シートの間に高い滑り性が発揮される。また、耐熱性が向上するため、繊維強化シートの加熱硬化時に発泡シートに寸法変化が生じにくく繊維の乱れの少ない繊維強化複合体の形成により一層有利なものとなる。
従って、シート平滑化工程後の発泡シートの表層部においては、ポリエステル系樹脂が所定以上の結晶化度を有していることが好ましく、具体的には、15%以上の結晶化度を有していることが好ましい。
なお、シート平滑化工程後の発泡シートの表層部の結晶化度については、例えば、発泡シートの表面から約0.2mm深さまでの間から採取した試料に対して示差走査熱量分析(DSC)を行うことにより求めることができ、具体的には、下記のようにして求めることができる。
示差走査熱量計装置(エスアイアイナノテクノロジー社製 商品名「DSC6220型」)を用い、アルミニウム製の測定容器の底に前記試料を隙間のないように、充填して、試料を窒素ガス流量20mL/分の条件下にて30℃で2分間に亘って保持する。
しかる後、試料を速度10℃/分で30℃から290℃まで昇温した時のDSC曲線を得る。
その時の基準物質はアルミナを用いる。
結晶化度は、融解ピークの面積から求められる融解熱量(mJ/mg)と結晶化ピークの面積から求められる結晶化熱量(mJ/mg)の差を結晶性熱可塑性樹脂の完全結晶の理論融解熱量ΔH0で徐して求められる。
例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレートのΔH0は140.1mJ/mgである。
試料の結晶化度は下記式に基づいて算出される。
結晶化度(%)
=(│融解熱量(mJ/mg)│−│結晶化熱量(mJ/mg)│)/ΔH0(mJ/mg)×100
n数5個程度で上記算出を行い相加平均値を発泡シートの表層部の結晶化度とする。
なお、上記においては、繊維強化複合体の芯材として発泡シートを用いる場合を例示しているが、本発明の繊維強化複合体の芯材は、ビーズ発泡成形体などであってもよい。
(実施例1〜2)
ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂(PET、三井化学社製 商品名「SA135」、ガラス転移温度Tg:79℃、融点:247.1℃、IV値:0.86)100質量部、タルク0.72質量部、及び、無水ピロメリット酸0.2質量部を含む熱可塑性ポリエステル系樹脂組成物を口径が65mmで且つL/D比が35の単軸押出機に供給して290℃にて溶融混練した。
冷却マンドレル接触面を表面、反対側の面を裏面とした。
発泡シートを製造直後、室温25℃にて48時間に亘って養生させた。
発泡シートから一辺640mmの平面正方形状のシート片を切り出した。
3.0mmのスペーサーを設けたプレス機に切り出したシート片を敷設し、140℃の温度及び0.5MPaの圧力で3分間プレスを行った。
その後、圧力を保持したまま30℃まで冷却し、表1に記載の厚み、目付の表面平滑化された発泡シート(シート片)を得た。
単軸押出機の途中から、イソブタン35質量%及びノルマルブタン65質量%を含むブタンをポリエチレンテレフタレート100質量部に対して0.5質量部となるように溶融状態のポリエステル系樹脂組成物に圧入し厚み2.0mm、目付600g/cm3のポリエチレンテレフタレート発泡シートを製造したことと、1.5mmのスペーサーを設けたプレス機に切り出したシート片を敷設し、プレスを行ったこと以外は実施例1〜2と同様にして表面平滑化された発泡シートを得た。
単軸押出機の途中から、イソブタン35質量%及びノルマルブタン65質量%を含むブタンをポリエチレンテレフタレート100質量部に対して0.3質量部となるように溶融状態のポリエステル系樹脂組成物に圧入し厚み1.7mm、目付500g/cm3のポリエチレンテレフタレート発泡シートを製造したことと、1.5mmのスペーサーを設けたプレス機に切り出したシート片を敷設し、プレスを行ったこと以外は実施例1〜2と同様にして表面平滑化された発泡シートを得た。
実施例1〜2と同様の方法で発泡シートを作製し、シート平滑化工程を施さなかった。
実施例5〜6と同様の方法で発泡シートを作製し、シート平滑化工程を施さなかった。
このことからも本発明によれば、強度に優れた繊維強化複合体が提供され得ることがわかる。
Claims (1)
- 繊維織物からなる基材シート及び該基材シートに担持された樹脂を備えた繊維強化樹脂シートと、樹脂発泡体からなる芯材とを用い、
前記芯材と前記繊維強化樹脂シートとを積層一体化させる積層工程を実施して繊維強化複合体を作製する繊維強化複合体の製造方法であって、
ポリエステル系樹脂組成物を押出発泡してポリエステル系樹脂発泡シートを作製し、且つ、表面粗さ(Ra)が2.5μmを超えるポリエステル系樹脂発泡シートを作製するシート作製工程と、
該シート作製工程で得られたポリエステル系樹脂発泡シートの表面を平滑化させて表面粗さ(Ra)が2.5μm以下のポリエステル系樹脂発泡シートを作製するシート平滑化工程とを更に実施し、
前記積層工程では、2.5μm以下の表面粗さ(Ra)を有する前記シート平滑化工程後のポリエステル系樹脂発泡シートを前記芯材として用い、前記表面粗さ(Ra)を有する面に前記繊維強化樹脂シートを積層する繊維強化複合体の製造方法。
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JP2019044143A (ja) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-22 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | ビーズ発泡体、それを備えた樹脂複合体、及びビーズ発泡体の製造法 |
US11375624B2 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2022-06-28 | Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | Surface treated copper foil, copper clad laminate, and printed circuit board |
JP6917504B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-08-11 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | 樹脂複合体の製造方法 |
DE102020206028A1 (de) * | 2020-05-13 | 2021-11-18 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Trägers und Träger |
CN113878903A (zh) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-04 | 江苏金风科技有限公司 | 风电叶片泡沫芯材、制备方法、风电叶片及风力发电机组 |
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JP3449902B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-31 | 2003-09-22 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | ポリカーボネート系樹脂発泡体 |
JP2000158547A (ja) * | 1998-12-01 | 2000-06-13 | Jsp Corp | 軽量成形体 |
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EP1879056B1 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2013-03-20 | Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. | Foamed sheet for a reflector, process for production of the sheet and for production of a reflector |
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JP6043677B2 (ja) | 2012-06-29 | 2016-12-14 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | 熱可塑性ポリエステル系樹脂押出発泡シート及びこれを用いた成形品、熱可塑性ポリエステル系樹脂押出発泡シートの製造方法並びに繊維強化複合体 |
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EP3202828B1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
TW201627367A (zh) | 2016-08-01 |
EP3202828A1 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
TWI615426B (zh) | 2018-02-21 |
EP3392015B1 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
TWI576376B (zh) | 2017-04-01 |
US10723055B2 (en) | 2020-07-28 |
TW201706346A (zh) | 2017-02-16 |
CN106795312B (zh) | 2019-12-13 |
EP3202828A4 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
US20170144355A1 (en) | 2017-05-25 |
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CN106795312A (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
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