JP6178318B2 - 繊維上のポリマーバインダー被覆を動的機械分析する方法 - Google Patents
繊維上のポリマーバインダー被覆を動的機械分析する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、優れた防弾特性を維持しながら向上した動的貯蔵弾性率を有する防弾性繊維複合材料に関する。向上した動的貯蔵弾性率は低い複合材料の背面衝撃痕に関係する。
(a)コンソリデーションした複数のクロスプライした繊維プライを含み、それぞれの繊維プライは複数の平行な繊維を含み、かかる繊維のそれぞれは、大部分が繊維表面仕上げ剤で被覆されている表面を有し、且つ繊維表面仕上げ剤の頂部の上にポリマーバインダー材料の被覆を有し、繊維表面仕上げ剤は繊維表面とポリマーバインダー材料との間に配されている第1の繊維複合材料を与え;
(b)第1の繊維複合材料に非主軸正弦波歪みを加えて、それによって第1の繊維複合材料の繊維の上のポリマーバインダー被覆の非主軸動的貯蔵弾性率を求め、ここで非主軸正弦波歪みはそれぞれの繊維プライ中の繊維の縦方向の繊維軸から非主軸の方向で加え;
(c)第1の繊維複合材料と類似の第2の繊維複合材料に関して工程(b)を繰り返し、ここで第2の繊維複合材料はコンソリデーションした複数のクロスプライした繊維プライを含み、それぞれの繊維プライは複数の平行な繊維を含み、かかる繊維のそれぞれはポリマーバインダー材料で少なくとも部分的に被覆されている表面を有し、かかる繊維は大部分が繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まないで、ポリマーバインダー材料が大部分繊維表面と直接接触するようになっており;
(d)第1の繊維複合材料の非主軸動的貯蔵弾性率を第1の繊維複合材料の非主軸動的貯蔵弾性率と比較して、いずれの複合材料がより高い非主軸動的貯蔵弾性率を有するかを求める;
ことを含む、繊維上のポリマーバインダー被覆を動的機械分析する方法を提供する。
種々の複合材料の動的貯蔵弾性率及び背面衝撃痕性能に対する繊維仕上げ剤の除去及び場合によっては他の繊維表面処理の影響を評価し、下表2において確認される結果を得た。繊維処理方法は下記のようにして行った。
複数の繊維スプール(マルチフィラメント繊維あたり1つのスプール)から複数のマルチフィラメント繊維を解舒し、次に固定した平行化梳櫛に通して、繊維を均一に離隔した繊維ウエブに組織化した。次に、繊維ウエブを、脱イオン水を含む予備浸漬水浴を通して約18秒間のおよその滞留時間で送った。予備浸漬水浴から排出した後、繊維を30個の水ノズルの列によってすすいだ。それぞれの水ノズルの水圧は約42psiであり、1分あたりノズルあたり約0.5ガロンの水の流速を用いた。ノズルから排出される水は比較的平坦な流れとして形成され、繊維の上に接触する水の角度は隣接するノズルから放出される流れの入射角に対して0°又は30°のいずれかであった。水温は28.9℃と測定された。予備浸漬水浴を通り、水ノズルの列を通るライン速度は、約4m/分〜約20m/分の範囲であった。浸漬浴中の水及びノズルに供給する水は、最初に別の脱イオンシステムに通すことによって脱イオンした。次に、洗浄された繊維を乾燥し、更なる処理のために送った。
洗浄した繊維の幅18インチのウエブを、約15フィート/分の速度で、幅30インチの電極を有し、2kWの出力に設定したコロナ処理装置に連続的に通した。これによって、2000W/(2.5フィート×15FPM)又は繊維に加えた分あたり53W/ft2のワット密度で測定される繊維の面積上への出力分布が得られた。コロナ場内での繊維の滞留時間は約2秒間であった。処理は標準大気圧下で行った。
洗浄した繊維の幅29インチのウエブを、約12フィート/分の速度で、2kWの出力に設定した大気圧プラズマ処理装置(Enercon Industries Corp.からのモデル:Enercon Plasma3 Station Model APT12DF-150/2、幅29インチの電極を有する)に連続的に通した。これによって、2000W/(29インチ×12FPM)又は繊維に加えた分あたり67W/ft2のワット密度で測定される繊維の面積上への出力分布が得られた。プラズマ処理装置内での繊維の滞留時間は約2秒間であった。処理は標準大気圧下で行った。
下記に示す本発明の実施例の全部において、不織繊維層に対して動的機械分析を行って動的貯蔵弾性率を測定した。試験は、TA InstrumentsからのRSA 3DMA試験機を用いて行った。
1.2枚の12インチ×12インチのクロスプライした2プライの一方向繊維層を、プラス内で270°F及び2777psiにおいて成形して4プライのパネルを製造した。
3.試験片の幅及び厚さを測定した。
5.試験周波数は10rad/秒に設定し、0.1%の歪みを加えた。
7.動的貯蔵弾性率は温度の関数として記録した(25℃及び71℃(160°F)における記録値を含む)。
V50の測定:
V50データは、従来公知の標準方法により、特に国防総省試験法標準規格MIL-STD-662Fの条件にしたがって獲得した。
表3Aに示す背面衝撃痕のデータは、NIJ標準規格0101.04タイプIIIAの方法と同様であるが、平坦なクレイブロックの上に直接複合物品を置くのではなく、複合材料は、複合物品とクレイブロックとの間に特別に機械加工したスペーサーエレメントを挿入することによってクレイブロックから1/2インチ(12.7mm)離隔させた新しいでデザインの方法によって測定した。特別に機械加工したスペーサーエレメントは、縁、及びかかる縁によって画定されている内部キャビティーを有する部材を含んでいて、クレイはキャビティーを通して露出させ、スペーサーはクレイの前表面と直接接触して配置した。スペーサーの内部キャビティーに対応する目標位置において、発射体を複合物品に発射した。発射体によってスペーサーの内部キャビティーに対応する位置において複合物品に衝撃を与え、それぞれの発射体の衝撃によってクレイに測定可能な陥没を形成した。表3AにおけるBFS測定値は全て、この方法によるクレイにおける陥没の深さのみを示すものであり、スペーサーエレメントの深さは考慮しておらず、即ち表3AにおけるBFS測定値は複合材料とクレイとの間の実際の距離は含んでいない。
表3Aにおける層間剥離は、裏当て材料における陥没の深さではなく、実際に試験したパネルの背面変形の深さの測定値を示す。これは、測定されるクレイの陥没ではないので「層間剥離」と呼ぶ。発射体の衝撃の後に布帛は衝撃領域において部分的に元に戻るので、この層間剥離の測定値は、BFS測定値と1/2インチ(12.7mm)の空隙深さの合計よりも小さくなる。層間剥離の測定値はかかる戻りの後に取り、一方、本明細書において記載する空隙法によるBFS測定値は布帛の背面変形の完全な程度を記録する。かかる戻りの後の変形は、通常は、パネルの断面を切断し、パネルの損傷していない裏表面の面から、変形した領域の最も深い外側の部分までの深さを測定することによって測定する。
以下に本発明の態様を記載する。
[1]
(a)コンソリデーションした複数のクロスプライした繊維プライを含み、それぞれの繊維プライは複数の平行な繊維を含み、かかる繊維のそれぞれは、大部分が繊維表面仕上げ剤で被覆されている表面を有し、且つ繊維表面仕上げ剤の頂部の上にポリマーバインダー材料の被覆を有し、繊維表面仕上げ剤は繊維表面とポリマーバインダー材料との間に配されている第1の繊維複合材料を与え;
(b)第1の繊維複合材料に非主軸正弦波歪みを加えて、それによって第1の繊維複合材料の繊維の上のポリマーバインダー被覆の非主軸動的貯蔵弾性率を求め、ここで非主軸正弦波歪みはそれぞれの繊維プライ中の繊維の縦方向の繊維軸から非主軸の方向で加え;
(c)第1の繊維複合材料と類似の第2の繊維複合材料に関して工程(b)を繰り返し、ここで第2の繊維複合材料はコンソリデーションした複数のクロスプライした繊維プライを含み、それぞれの繊維プライは複数の平行な繊維を含み、かかる繊維のそれぞれはポリマーバインダー材料で少なくとも部分的に被覆されている表面を有し、かかる繊維は大部分が繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まないで、ポリマーバインダー材料が大部分繊維表面と直接接触するようになっており;
(d)第1の繊維複合材料の非主軸動的貯蔵弾性率を第1の繊維複合材料の非主軸動的貯蔵弾性率と比較して、いずれの複合材料がより高い非主軸動的貯蔵弾性率を有するかを求める;
ことを含む、繊維上のポリマーバインダー被覆を動的機械分析する方法。
[2]
非主軸正弦波歪みを、それぞれの繊維プライ中の繊維の縦方向の繊維軸に対して0°〜90°の間の角度で加える、[1]に記載の方法。
[3]
非主軸正弦波歪みを、それぞれの繊維プライ中の繊維の縦方向の繊維軸に対して45°で加える、[1]に記載の方法。
[4]
複数の接合された繊維層を含み、それぞれの繊維層はポリマー材料で少なくとも部分的に被覆されている表面を有する繊維を含み、かかる繊維は大部分が繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まないで、ポリマー材料が大部分繊維表面と直接接触するようになっており;繊維複合材料は、大部分が繊維表面仕上げ剤で被覆されている繊維表面を有する類似の繊維複合材料の動的貯蔵弾性率よりも大きい動的貯蔵弾性率を有し、繊維表面仕上げ剤は繊維表面とポリマー材料との間に配されている繊維複合材料。
[5]
複合材料が25℃(77°F)において測定して少なくとも8.0×10 9 ダイン/cm 2 の動的貯蔵弾性率を有する、[4]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[6]
複合材料が、国防省試験法標準規格MIL-STD-662Fにしたがって9mmの発射体に対して少なくとも約1750フィート/秒(fps)(533.40m/秒)のV 50 値を有する、[5]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[7]
複合材料が、約427m/秒〜約445m/秒(1430フィート/秒(fps)±30fps)の速度で発射した124グレインの9mmFMJ−RN発射体で衝撃を与えた際に約8mm未満の背面衝撃痕を有し、背面衝撃痕は2.0psfの面密度を有する複合材料に関して測定する、[5]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[8]
複合材料が、25℃(77°F)において測定して少なくとも約12.0×10 9 ダイン/cm 2 の動的貯蔵弾性率を有する、[4]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[9]
複合材料が、25℃(77°F)において測定して少なくとも約20.0×10 9 ダイン/cm 2 の動的貯蔵弾性率を有する、[4]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[10]
複合材料がポリエチレン繊維を含む、[4]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[11]
繊維表面が、繊維表面とポリマー材料との間に繊維表面仕上げ剤を実質的に含まないで、ポリマー材料が繊維表面と実質的に直接接触するようになっている、[4]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[12]
少なくとも2つの接合された繊維層を含み、それぞれの繊維層はポリマー材料で少なくとも部分的に被覆されている表面を有する繊維を含み、かかる繊維は大部分が繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まないで、ポリマー材料が繊維表面と大部分直接接触するようになっており;複合材料は、25℃(77°F)において測定して少なくとも8.0×10 9 ダイン/cm 2 の動的貯蔵弾性率を有する繊維複合材料を形成する方法であって;大部分が繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まない表面を有する複数のポリマー繊維を与え;場合によっては繊維表面を処理して、その後に施されるポリマー材料の繊維表面への表面吸着力、結合力、又は接着力を向上させ;ポリマー材料を繊維の少なくとも一部の上に施して、それによってポリマー材料を繊維表面の上又はそれに吸着、結合、又は接着させ;ポリマー材料を繊維に施す前又は施した後のいずれかにおいて繊維から複数の繊維プライを形成し;複数の繊維プライをコンソリデーションして繊維複合材料を製造する;ことを含む上記方法。
[13]
繊維表面を処理して、その後に施されるポリマー材料の繊維表面への表面吸着力、結合力、又は接着力を向上させる随意的な工程を実施する、[12]に記載の方法。
[14]
繊維の処理がプラズマ処理又はコロナ処理を含む、[12]に記載の方法。
[15]
前記[14]に記載の方法によって形成される繊維複合材料。
Claims (1)
- (a)コンソリデーションした複数のクロスプライした繊維プライを含み、それぞれの繊維プライは複数の平行な繊維を含み、かかる繊維のそれぞれは、大部分が繊維表面仕上げ剤で被覆されている表面を有し、且つ繊維表面仕上げ剤の頂部の上にポリマーバインダー材料の被覆を有し、繊維表面仕上げ剤は繊維表面とポリマーバインダー材料との間に配されている第1の繊維複合材料を与え;
(b)第1の繊維複合材料に非主軸正弦波歪みを加えて、それによって第1の繊維複合材料の繊維の上のポリマーバインダー被覆の非主軸動的貯蔵弾性率を求め、ここで非主軸正弦波歪みはそれぞれの繊維プライ中の繊維の縦方向の繊維軸から非主軸の方向で加え;
(c)第1の繊維複合材料と類似の第2の繊維複合材料に関して工程(b)を繰り返し、ここで第2の繊維複合材料はコンソリデーションした複数のクロスプライした繊維プライを含み、それぞれの繊維プライは複数の平行な繊維を含み、かかる繊維のそれぞれはポリマーバインダー材料で少なくとも部分的に被覆されている表面を有し、かかる繊維は大部分が繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まないで、ポリマーバインダー材料が大部分繊維表面と直接接触するようになっており;
(d)第1の繊維複合材料の非主軸動的貯蔵弾性率を第2の繊維複合材料の非主軸動的貯蔵弾性率と比較して、いずれの複合材料がより高い非主軸動的貯蔵弾性率を有するかを求める;
ことを含む、繊維上のポリマーバインダー被覆を動的機械分析する方法。
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KR20190041175A (ko) * | 2017-10-12 | 2019-04-22 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 수지 조성물의 충격 강도 평가 방법 |
KR102344864B1 (ko) | 2017-10-12 | 2021-12-29 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 수지 조성물의 충격 강도 평가 방법 |
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MX2014002563A (es) | 2014-06-05 |
CA2847349A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
JP6360592B2 (ja) | 2018-07-18 |
JP2014532162A (ja) | 2014-12-04 |
EP2753911A4 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
US9023452B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 |
IL231249A0 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
CN103917856B (zh) | 2017-04-26 |
US9880080B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 |
RU2627374C2 (ru) | 2017-08-08 |
KR101980242B1 (ko) | 2019-08-30 |
US20160202159A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
KR20140082687A (ko) | 2014-07-02 |
CA2847349C (en) | 2020-07-21 |
BR112014005314A2 (pt) | 2017-04-04 |
RU2014110899A (ru) | 2015-10-20 |
US20140302274A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
WO2013101309A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
EP2753911A1 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
EP2753911B1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
IL231249B (en) | 2019-07-31 |
CN103917856A (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
ES2746648T3 (es) | 2020-03-06 |
MX338992B (es) | 2016-05-09 |
JP2017173338A (ja) | 2017-09-28 |
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