JP6456445B2 - 剛構造超高分子量ポリエチレン一方向テープ及び複合材料、及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
剛構造超高分子量ポリエチレン一方向テープ及び複合材料、及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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Landscapes
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2011年9月6日に出願された同時係争中の米国仮出願番号61/531,302の利益を主張し、その開示は全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
以下の実施例は本発明を例示するためのものである。
繊維仕上げ剤の除去及び任意のその他の繊維表面処理の、種々の複合材料の降伏応力及び裏面変形量等の曲げ特性に及ぼす影響を評価し、表2A及び表2Bに示す結果を得た。繊維加工技術は、次のように行った。
複数のマルチフィラメント繊維を複数の繊維糸巻から展開し(マルチフィラメント繊維当たり1つの糸巻)、次いで、固定された平行櫛(collimating comb)に通し、繊維を等間隔の繊維ウェブに編成した。次いで繊維ウェブを、脱イオン水を含む予備浸漬水浴に約18秒の滞留時間で通した。繊維は予備浸漬水浴を出た後、1列の30個の水ノズルによって洗浄された。各々の水ノズルの水圧は、ノズル当たり毎分約0.5ガロンの水の流量で約42psiであった。ノズルから出た水は比較的平坦な流れとして形成され、繊維面における水の接触角は、隣接するノズルから放出される流れの入射角に対して0°又は30°のいずれかであった。水温の測定値は28.9℃であった。予備浸漬水浴及び1列の水ノズルを通る線速度は、約4m/分〜約20m/分の範囲であった。浸漬浴の水及びノズルへ供給する水を、最初に別の脱イオン装置を通すことによって脱イオン化した。洗浄した繊維を次いで乾燥し、更なる処理のために搬送した。
18インチ幅の洗浄済繊維ウェブを、連続的に約15フィート/分の速度で30インチ幅の電極を有するコロナ処理機(2kWの電力に設定)に通した。この結果、繊維にワット密度での測定値で2000ワット(2.5フィート×15−FPM)又は53ワット/平方フィート/分で印加された繊維領域全体に渡る電力分布が生じる。コロナ領域内の繊維の滞留時間は約2秒であった。処理は標準大気圧で行った。
29インチ幅の洗浄済の繊維ウェブを、連続的に約12フィート/分の速度で29インチ幅の電極を有する大気プラズマ処理機(Enercon Industries Corp.社製のモデル:Enercon Plasma3 Station Model APT12DF-150/2、2kWの電力に設定)を通過させた。この結果、繊維にワット密度での測定値で2000ワット(29インチ×12−FPM)又は67ワット/平方フィート/分で印加された繊維領域全体に渡る電力分布が生じる。プラズマ処理機内の繊維の滞在時間は約2秒であった。処理は標準大気圧で行った。
特に断りのない限り、試験は約72°Fの標準周囲温度でASTM標準D790の3点屈曲試験方法の仕様に準拠して実施された。この方法によれば、梁状又は棒状試料を、梁状又は棒状試料の両端を支持体で支え、その支持体間を所定の間隔を開けて均等に置く。荷重を、負荷治具(loading nose)等によって、所定の速度で試料の中央に加え、試料を曲げる。この荷重を所定の時間加える。ASTM D790の方法によれば、荷重を試料が5%の撓みに到達するまで、又は試料が破断するまで加える。
V50データは、公知の標準化された手法で、特に国防総省の試験方法標準MIL−STD−662Fに準拠して取得した。
軟質装甲のBFSの標準の測定法は、NIJ標準−0101.04、種別IIIAで概説され、装甲試料を変形可能な粘土裏当て材の表面と接触させて置く。このNIJ法は、使用者の体に直接又は極めて近くに存在する装甲について現場使用における着弾の際に予期される実際のBFSの妥当な近似や予測を得るために通常使用される。しかしながら、使用者の体や頭の直接表面や極めて近くに存在しない装甲については、変形可能な粘土裏当て材の表面と装甲との間に間隔を置くことによって実際のBFSのより良い近似や予測を得る。従って、表2Aに示した裏面変形量データは、NIJ標準−0101.04、種別IIIAの方法では測定しなかった。それに代わり、NIJ標準−0101.04、種別IIIAの方法に類似した新しい方法を採用したが、その方法は、複合材料物品を平坦な粘土塊に直接置くのではなく、複合材料と粘土塊の間に特注の機械加工したスペーサー部材を挿入することによって、複合材料を粘土塊から1/2インチ(12.7mm)離間した。特注で機械加工したスペーサー部材は、枠とその枠で画定される内部空洞を有し、粘土は空洞を通して露出しており、スペーサーは粘土の前面と直接接触して配置されていた。発射体は、スペーサーの内部空洞に対応する目標位置を狙い複合材料物品に発射した。発射体はスペーサーの内部空洞に対応する位置で複合材料物品に激突し、各々の発射体衝撃によって、粘土に測定可能な窪みが生じる。表2AのBFS測定値の全ては、この方法に準拠した窪みの深さのみを指して、スペーサー部材の厚みは考慮に入れておらず、即ち、表2AのBFS測定値は、複合材料と粘土の間の実際の距離は含まない。
表2Aの層間剥離は、裏打ち材の窪みの深さではなく、実際の試験板の背面変形の深さの測定を指す。これは、測定されている粘土の窪みではないので「層間剥離」と謂う。層間剥離のこの測定値は、発射体の衝突後、衝突の領域の布帛は部分的に収縮するので、BFS測定値と1/2”(12.7mm)の空隙との総計の深さよりも小さくなる。層間剥離測定は前記収縮後に行い、一方、本明細書に記載の空隙法によるBFC測定は布帛の裏面変形の最大値を記録している。前記収縮後の変形の測定は、典型的には、パネルの断面を切り、パネルの損傷を受けていない裏面の平面から変形した領域の最外周部までの深度を測定する。
本発明を好適な態様を参照して具体的に表示・説明してきたが、本発明の思想及び範囲から逸脱することなく様々な改変及び修飾をし得ることが、当業者には容易である。請求の範囲は、開示される態様、上記で考察されたそれらの改変物、及びそれらのすべての均等物を包含するものとする。
[1]複数の隣接する繊維層を含む繊維複合材料であって、
各繊維層は、重合体材料で少なくとも部分的に被覆されている表面を有する繊維を含み、前記繊維は、前記重合体材料の大部分が前記繊維表面と直接接触するように繊維表面仕上げ剤をほとんど含まず、
大部分が繊維表面仕上げ剤で被覆された繊維表面を有し、そのような繊維表面仕上げ剤が繊維表面と重合体材料の間に存在する比較用繊維複合材料の降伏応力よりも大きな降伏応力を有する、
繊維複合材料。
[2]前記複合材料が、約1.5ポンド/平方フィート(7.32kg/m2)以下の面密度を有する複合材料についてASTM D790に準拠する測定で少なくとも7.50ksi(〜51.71MPa)の降伏応力を有する、[1]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[3]前記複合材料が、約1.5ポンド/平方フィート(7.32kg/m2)以下の面密度を有する複合材料についてASTM D790に準拠する測定で少なくとも約9.0ksi(〜62.05MPa)の降伏応力を有する、[1]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[4]ポリエチレン繊維を含む、[2]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[5]圧密化した複数の交差した一方向の繊維プライを含み、前記重合体材料が少なくとも1種の熱可塑性重合体を含む、[2]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[6]国防総省の試験方法標準MIL−STD−662Fに準拠する9mm発射体に対する少なくとも約1750フィート/秒(fps)(533.40m/s)のV50値を有する[2]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[7]前記重合体材料が前記繊維表面に実質的に直接接触するように、前記繊維表面が前記繊維表面と前記重合体材料の間に実質的に繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まない[1]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[8]国防総省の試験方法標準MIL−STD−662Fに準拠する9mm発射体に対する少なくとも約1750フィート/秒(fps)(533.40m/s)のV50値を有する[1]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[9]約427m/秒〜約445m/秒(1430フィート/秒(fps)±30fps)の速度で発射された124−グレイン、9mmFMJ RN発射体で衝撃を受けた場合、2.0ポンド/平方フィート(psf)の面密度を有する複合材料について測定した裏面変形量が約8mm未満である、[1]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[10]国防総省の試験方法標準MIL−STD−662Fに準拠する9mm発射体に対する少なくとも約1750フィート/秒(fps)(533.40m/s)のV50値を有する[9]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[11]前記重合体材料が前記繊維表面に実質的に直接接触するように、前記繊維表面が前記繊維表面と前記重合体材料の間に実質的に繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まない[9]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[12]少なくとも2つの隣接する繊維層を含み、各繊維層が重合体材料で少なくとも部分的に覆われた表面を有する繊維を含み、前記繊維が、前記重合体材料の大部分が前記繊維表面と直接接触するように、繊維表面仕上げ剤をほとんど含有せず、約1.5ポンド/平方フィート(7.32kg/m2)以下の面密度を有する複合材料についてASTM D790に準拠する測定で少なくとも7.50ksi(〜51.71MPa)の降伏応力を有する、繊維複合材料を形成する方法であって、
繊維表面仕上げ剤がほとんどない表面を有する複数の重合体繊維を提供する工程、
前記繊維表面を処理し、続いて塗布する重合体材料の前記繊維表面に対する表面吸着、結合又は接着を向上させる任意の工程、
重合体材料を前記繊維の少なくとも一部に塗布し、それによって、前記繊維の表面に前記重合体材料を吸着、結合又は接着する工程、
前記重合体材料を前記繊維に塗布する前又は後に、前記の繊維から複数の繊維プライを作製する工程、及び
前記複数の繊維プライを圧密化して繊維複合材料を作製する工程、
を含む方法。
[13]前記繊維表面を処理し、続いて塗布する重合体材料の繊維表面に対する前記表面吸着、結合又は接着を向上させる任意の工程を行う、[12]に記載の方法。
[14]前記繊維処理がプラズマ処理又はコロナ処理を含む[12]に記載の方法。
[15]圧密化された複数の繊維層を含む複合材料であって、前記繊維層の各々が約7g/デニール以上の靭性と約150g/デニール以上の引張弾性率を有する複数の繊維を含み、前記各繊維層は少なくとも部分的に重合体結合剤材料で含浸され、前記重合体結合剤材料は実質的に前記繊維を被覆し、前記重合体結合剤材料は、各繊維層の約7重量%〜約20重量%を構成し、前記パネルがASTM D790によって測定される少なくとも7.50ksi(約51.71MPa)の降伏応力、約1.5ポンド/平方フィート(7.32kg/m2)以下の複合材料面密度、及び、国防省試験法規格MIL−STD−662Fに準拠する9mm発射体に対する少なくとも約1750フィート/秒(fps)(533.40m/s)のV50値、を有する、複合材料。
Claims (4)
- 複数の隣接する繊維層を含む繊維複合材料であって、
各繊維層は、アニオン性脂肪族ポリエステル系ポリウレタンを含む重合体材料で少なくとも部分的に被覆されている表面を有する繊維を含み、
前記繊維は、残留した繊維表面仕上げ剤が繊維表面に存在するように、繊維表面仕上げ剤を部分的に含まず、ここで、繊維表面積の50%未満が前記繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われており、
前記重合体材料は、前記繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われていない前記繊維表面と直接接触し、
繊維表面仕上げ剤で被覆された50%を超える繊維表面を有し、そのような繊維表面仕上げ剤が繊維表面と重合体材料の間に存在する比較用繊維複合材料の降伏応力よりも大きな降伏応力を有する、
繊維複合材料。 - 前記繊維表面仕上げ剤が水溶性であり、前記複合材料が、約1.5ポンド/平方フィート(7.32kg/m2)以下の面密度を有する複合材料についてASTM D790に準拠する測定で少なくとも7.50ksi(〜51.71MPa)の降伏応力を有する、請求項1に記載の繊維複合材料。
- 少なくとも2つの隣接する不織繊維層を含み、各繊維層が重合体材料で少なくとも部分的に覆われた表面を有する一方向に配向した繊維を含み、前記繊維は、残留した繊維表面仕上げ剤が繊維表面に存在するように、繊維表面仕上げ剤を部分的に含まず、ここで、繊維表面積の50%未満が前記繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われており、前記重合体材料は、前記繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われていない前記繊維表面と直接接触し、約1.5ポンド/平方フィート(7.32kg/m2)以下の面密度を有する複合材料についてASTM D790に準拠する測定で少なくとも7.50ksi(〜51.71MPa)の降伏応力を有する、繊維複合材料を形成する方法であって、
繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われた表面を有する複数の重合体繊維を提供する工程、
前記重合体繊維を加圧水で洗浄して、繊維表面積の50%未満が前記繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われているように、前記繊維表面仕上げ剤を部分的に除く工程、
前記繊維表面を処理し、続いて塗布する重合体材料の前記繊維表面に対する表面吸着、結合又は接着を向上させる工程、
重合体材料を前記繊維の少なくとも一部に塗布し、それによって、前記繊維の表面に前記重合体材料を吸着、結合又は接着する工程、
前記重合体材料を前記繊維に塗布する前又は後に、前記の繊維から複数の繊維プライを作製する工程、及び
前記複数の繊維プライを圧密化して繊維複合材料を作製する工程、
を含む方法。 - 圧密化された複数の繊維層を含む複合材料パネルであって、
前記繊維層の各々が約7g/デニール以上の靭性と約150g/デニール以上の引張弾性率を有する複数のポリエチレン繊維を含み、前記各繊維層は少なくとも部分的にアニオン性脂肪族ポリエステル系ポリウレタンを含む重合体結合剤材料で含浸され、前記重合体結合剤材料は実質的に前記繊維を被覆し、前記重合体結合剤材料は、各繊維層の約7重量%〜約20重量%を構成し、
前記繊維は、残留した繊維表面仕上げ剤が繊維表面に存在するように、繊維表面仕上げ剤を部分的に含まず、ここで、前記繊維表面の50%乃至99.0%が前記繊維表面と前記重合体結合剤材料の間の前記繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われておらず、そして、前記繊維表面仕上げ剤は、前記繊維の重量と前記繊維表面仕上げ剤の重量の合計に対し、0.5重量%以下乃至0.1重量%以下の量で存在し、
前記複合材料パネルがASTM D790によって測定される少なくとも7.50ksi(約51.71MPa)の降伏応力、及び、約1.5ポンド/平方フィート(7.32kg/m2)以下の複合材料面密度を有する、複合材料。
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RU2625233C2 (ru) | 2017-07-12 |
MX2014002562A (es) | 2014-11-21 |
RU2014111498A (ru) | 2015-10-20 |
US20140248463A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
MX347122B (es) | 2017-04-17 |
WO2013036448A2 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
IL231251B (en) | 2018-08-30 |
JP2019073716A (ja) | 2019-05-16 |
CN103917713B (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
IL231251A0 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
JP2014531481A (ja) | 2014-11-27 |
JP6983749B2 (ja) | 2021-12-17 |
CA2847405A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
US9718237B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 |
JP2018028170A (ja) | 2018-02-22 |
US20160200040A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
KR101980248B1 (ko) | 2019-05-21 |
WO2013036448A3 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
KR20140061495A (ko) | 2014-05-21 |
CN103917713A (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
EP2753747A4 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
US9023451B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 |
EP2753747A2 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
BR112014005310A2 (pt) | 2017-04-04 |
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