JP6456446B2 - 高重ねせん断強度・低裏面変形量のud複合材料およびその作製プロセス - Google Patents
高重ねせん断強度・低裏面変形量のud複合材料およびその作製プロセス Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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Landscapes
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Description
本出願は、2011年9月6日出願の同時係属中米国特許仮出願第61/531,268号の利益を主張し、その開示内容は全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
以下の実施例は本発明を例示するためのものである。
繊維仕上げ剤の除去及び任意のその他の繊維表面処理の、種々の複合材料の層間重ねせん断強度及び裏面変形量等の曲げ特性に及ぼす影響を評価し、表2A及び表2Bに示す結果を得た。繊維加工技術は、次のように行った。
複数のマルチフィラメント繊維を複数の繊維糸巻から展開し(マルチフィラメント繊維当たり1つの糸巻)、次いで、固定された平行櫛(collimating comb)に通し、繊維を等間隔の繊維ウェブに編成した。次いで繊維ウェブを、脱イオン水を含む予備浸漬水浴に約18秒の滞留時間で通した。繊維は予備浸漬水浴を出た後、1列の30個の水ノズルによって洗浄された。各々の水ノズルの水圧は、ノズル当たり毎分約0.5ガロンの水の流量で約42psiであった。ノズルから出た水は比較的平坦な流れとして形成され、繊維面における水の接触角は、隣接するノズルから放出される流れの入射角に対して0°又は30°のいずれかであった。水温の測定値は28.9℃であった。予備浸漬水浴及び1列の水ノズルを通る線速度は、約4m/分〜約20m/分の範囲であった。浸漬浴の水及びノズルへ供給する水を、最初に別の脱イオン装置を通すことによって脱イオン化した。洗浄した繊維を次いで乾燥し、更なる処理のために搬送した。
18インチ幅の洗浄済繊維ウェブを、連続的に約15フィート/分の速度で30インチ幅の電極を有するコロナ処理機(2kWの電力に設定)に通した。この結果、繊維にワット密度での測定値で2000ワット (2.5フィート×15−FPM)又は53ワット/平方フィート/分で印加された繊維領域全体に渡る電力分布が生じる。コロナ領域内の繊維の滞留時間は約2秒であった。処理は標準大気圧で行った。
29インチ幅の洗浄済の繊維ウェブを、連続的に約12フィート/分の速度で29インチ幅の電極を有する大気プラズマ処理機(Enercon Industries Corp.社製のモデル:Enercon Plasma3 Station Model APT12DF-150/2、2kWの電力に設定)を通過させた。この結果、繊維にワット密度での測定値で2000ワット(29インチ×12−FPM)又は67ワット/平方フィート/分で印加された繊維領域全体に渡る電力分布が生じる。プラズマ処理機内の繊維の滞在時間は約2秒であった。処理は標準大気圧で行った。
以下に示す本発明の実施例すべてにおいて、不織繊維層について重ねせん断試験を行い、2つの積層する2−プライまたは4−プライ不織繊維層間の1インチの重なり接続部における層間重ねせん断強度を測定した。2−プライ不織繊維層はそれぞれ、0°で配向した第1繊維プライと90°で配向した第2繊維プライを含むものであった。4−プライ不織繊維層はそれぞれ、2−プライの構造に等しいが、4プライを有する0°/90°/0°/90°構造を含むものであった。被検複合材料の繊維を様々な高分子結合剤(高分子マトリックス)材料に包埋した。各複合材料は、異なるアニオン性脂肪族ポリエステル系ポリウレタン被覆材をそれぞれが繊維表面に含む、同種のポリエチレン繊維で構成されていた。繊維処理のみを可変因子として繊維処理の効果を示すために種々の処理を比較する。重なり接続部は、2−プライまたは4−プライ繊維層を温度約270°F(132℃)および圧力約500psiで約10分間積層することによって形成した。各実施例の重ねせん断試験は、別段の指定のない限りASTM D5868の条件の通り、約70°Fの室温で実施した。試験は、Instron 5585万能試験機を使用して実施した。
V50データは、公知の標準化された手法で、特に国防総省の試験方法標準MIL−STD−662Fに準拠して取得した。
軟質装甲のBFSの標準の測定法は、NIJ標準−0101.04、種別IIIAで概説され、装甲試料を変形可能な粘土裏当て材の表面と接触させて置く。このNIJ法は、使用者の体に直接又は極めて近くに存在する装甲について現場使用における着弾の際に予期される実際のBFSの妥当な近似や予測を得るために通常使用される。しかしながら、使用者の体や頭の直接表面や極めて近くに存在しない装甲については、変形可能な粘土裏当て材の表面と装甲との間に間隔を置くことによって実際のBFSのより良い近似や予測を得る。従って、表2Aに示した裏面変形量データは、NIJ標準−0101.04、種別IIIAの方法では測定しなかった。それに代わり、NIJ標準−0101.04、種別IIIAの方法に類似した新しい方法を採用したが、その方法は、複合材料物品を平坦な粘土塊に直接置くのではなく、複合材料と粘土塊の間に特注の機械加工したスペーサー部材を挿入することによって、複合材料を粘土塊から1/2インチ(12.7mm)離間した。特注で機械加工したスペーサー部材は、枠とその枠で画定される内部空洞を有し、粘土は空洞を通して露出しており、スペーサーは粘土の前面と直接接触して配置されていた。発射体は、スペーサーの内部空洞に対応する目標位置を狙い複合材料物品に発射した。発射体はスペーサーの内部空洞に対応する位置で複合材料物品に激突し、各々の発射体衝撃によって、粘土に測定可能な窪みが生じる。表2AのBFS測定値の全ては、この方法に準拠した窪みの深さのみを指して、スペーサー部材の厚みは考慮に入れておらず、即ち、表2AのBFS測定値は、複合材料と粘土の間の実際の距離は含まない。
表2Aの層間剥離は、裏打ち材の窪みの深さではなく、実際の試験板の背面変形の深さの測定を指す。これは、測定されている粘土の窪みではないので「層間剥離」と謂う。層間剥離のこの測定値は、発射体の衝突後、衝突の領域の布帛は部分的に収縮するので、BFS測定値と1/2インチ(12.7mm)の空隙との総計の深さよりも小さくなる。層間剥離測定は前記収縮後に行い、一方、本明細書に記載の空隙法によるBFS測定は布帛の裏面変形の最大値を記録している。変形後の前記収縮の測定は、典型的には、板の断面を切り、板の損傷を受けていない裏面の平面から変形した領域の最外周部までの深度を測定する。例えば、BFSは、2.0ポンド/平方フィート(psf)及び53g/m2(gsm)の繊維面密度(平行繊維の単一プライ、即ちユニテープの面密度)を有する12インチ×12インチの正方形試料に対して測定した。各実施例では、BFSは、約1430フィート/秒(fps)±30fpsの速度で発射された124−グレイン、9mmFMJRN発射体に対して測定した。
本発明を好適な態様を参照して具体的に表示・説明してきたが、本発明の思想及び範囲から逸脱することなく様々な改変及び修飾をし得ることが、当業者には容易である。請求の範囲は、開示される態様、上記で考察されたそれらの改変物、及びそれらのすべての均等物を包含するものとする。
[1]複数の隣接する繊維層を含む繊維複合材料であって、各繊維層が重合体材料で少なくとも部分的に覆われている表面を有する繊維を含み、前記繊維の大部分は繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まず、前記繊維複合材料の隣接する繊維層間の層間重ねせん断強度が、繊維表面仕上げ剤で主として覆われている繊維表面を有し、このような繊維表面仕上げ剤が繊維表面と重合体材料の間に存在する比較用繊維複合材料の隣接する繊維層間の層間重ねせん断強度より高い、繊維複合材料。
[2]前記複合材料が、およそ室温で少なくとも約170重量ポンド(lbf)の繊維層間の層間重ねせん断強度を有する、[1]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[3]前記複合素材が圧密化した複数の交差した一方向の繊維プライを含み、前記重合体材料が少なくとも1種の熱可塑性重合体を含む、[2]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[4]前記重合体材料が前記繊維表面に実質的に直接接触するように、前記繊維表面が前記繊維表面と前記重合体材料の間に実質的に繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まない、[1]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[5]約3,750g/m2(0.75psf)〜約12,500g/m2(2.50psf)の複合材料面密度を有する、[1]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[6]約427m/s〜約445m/s(1430フィート/秒(fps)±30fps)の速度で発射された124−グレイン、9mmFMJ RN型発射体が衝突したとき、面密度2.0psfの複合材料について測定される約8mm未満の裏面変形量を有する、[1]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[7]およそ室温で少なくとも約170重量ポンド(lbf)の繊維層間の層間重ねせん断強度を有する、[6]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[8]ポリエチレン繊維を含む、[7]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[9]圧密化した複数の交差した一方向の繊維プライを含み、前記重合体材料が少なくとも1種の熱可塑性重合体を含む、[7]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[10]前記重合体材料が前記繊維表面に実質的に直接接触するように、前記繊維表面が前記繊維表面と前記重合体材料の間に実質的に繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まない、[6]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[11]およそ室温で少なくとも約170重量ポンド(lbf)の繊維層間の層間重ねせん断強度を有し、約427m/s〜約445m/s(1430フィート/秒(fps)±30fps)の速度で発射された124−グレイン、9mmFMJ RN型発射体が衝突したとき、面密度2.0psfの複合材料について測定される約8mm未満の裏面変形量を有する、[6]に記載の繊維複合材料。
[12]少なくとも2つの隣接する繊維層を含む繊維複合材料を形成する方法であって、
各繊維層が重合体材料で少なくとも部分的に覆われている表面を有する繊維を含み、前記繊維が、前記重合体材料が繊維表面と主として直接接触するように大部分は繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まず、前記複合材料の隣接する繊維層間の層間重ねせん断強度がおよそ室温で少なくとも約170重量ポンド(lbf)であり、
該方法が、
大部分は繊維表面仕上げ剤を含まない表面を有する複数の重合体繊維を用意する工程、
その後塗布される重合体材料の繊維表面への表面吸着性、結合、または接着を向上させるように、繊維表面を任意選択で処理する工程、
重合体材料を前記繊維の少なくとも一部分に塗布し、それによって重合体材料を繊維の表面上または表面に吸着、結合または接着させる工程、
前記重合体材料を前記繊維に塗布する前または後に、複数の繊維層を前記繊維から製造する工程、及び
前記複数の繊維層を統合して、繊維複合材料を製造する工程、
を含む方法。
[13]前記繊維表面を処理し、続いて塗布する重合体材料の繊維表面に対する前記表面吸着、結合又は接着を向上させる前記任意の工程を行う、[12]に記載の方法。
[14]前記繊維処理がプラズマ処理又はコロナ処理を含む[13]に記載の方法。
[15]複数の隣接する繊維層を含む繊維複合材料であって、各繊維層は重合体材料で少なくとも部分的に覆われている表面を有する繊維を含み、前記繊維は、前記重合体材料が繊維表面と少なくとも部分的に直接接触しているように繊維表面仕上げ剤を少なくとも部分的に含まず、前記繊維複合材料の隣接する繊維層間の層間重ねせん断強度は、繊維表面と少なくとも部分的に直接接触していない重合体材料を含む比較用の繊維複合材料の隣接する繊維層間の層間重ねせん断強度より高い、繊維複合材料。
Claims (4)
- 複数の隣接する繊維層を含む繊維複合材料であって、各繊維層がアニオン性脂肪族ポリエステル系ポリウレタンを含む重合体結合剤材料で少なくとも部分的に覆われている表面を有する繊維を含み、
前記繊維は、残留した繊維表面仕上げ剤が繊維表面に存在するように、繊維表面仕上げ剤を部分的に含まず、ここで、繊維表面積の50%未満が前記繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われており、
前記重合体結合剤材料は、前記繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われていない前記繊維表面と直接接触し、
前記繊維複合材料の隣接する繊維層間のASTM D5868によって測定される層間重ねせん断強度が、50%を超える繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われている繊維表面を有し、このような繊維表面仕上げ剤が繊維表面と重合体結合剤材料の間に存在する比較用繊維複合材料の隣接する繊維層間の層間重ねせん断強度より高い、
繊維複合材料。 - 前記繊維表面仕上げ剤が水溶性であり、前記複合材料が、およそ室温で少なくとも約170重量ポンド(lbf)の繊維層間の層間重ねせん断強度を有する、請求項1に記載の繊維複合材料。
- 少なくとも2つの隣接する不織繊維層を含む繊維複合材料を形成する方法であって、
各繊維層が重合体結合剤材料で少なくとも部分的に覆われている表面を有する一方向に配向した繊維を含み、前記繊維は、残留した繊維表面仕上げ剤が繊維表面に存在するように、繊維表面仕上げ剤を部分的に含まず、ここで、繊維表面積の50%未満が前記繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われており、前記重合体結合剤材料は、前記繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われていない前記繊維表面と直接接触し、前記複合材料の隣接する繊維層間のASTM D5868によって測定される層間重ねせん断強度がおよそ室温で少なくとも約170重量ポンド(lbf)であり、
該方法が、
繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われた表面を有する複数の重合体繊維を提供する工程、
前記重合体繊維を加圧水で洗浄して、繊維表面積の50%未満が前記繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われているように、前記繊維表面仕上げ剤を部分的に除く工程、
その後塗布される重合体結合剤材料の繊維表面への表面吸着性、結合、または接着を向上させるように、繊維表面を処理する工程、
重合体結合剤材料を前記繊維の少なくとも一部分に塗布し、それによって重合体結合剤材料を繊維の表面上または表面に吸着、結合または接着させる工程、
前記重合体結合剤材料を前記繊維に塗布する前または後に、複数の繊維層を前記繊維から製造する工程、及び
前記複数の繊維層を統合して、繊維複合材料を製造する工程、
を含む方法。 - ポリエチレン繊維を含み、該繊維表面の50%乃至99.0%が繊維表面と重合体結合剤材料の間の繊維表面仕上げ剤で覆われておらず、前記繊維表面仕上げ剤は、前記繊維の重量と前記繊維表面仕上げ剤の重量の合計に対し、0.5重量%以下乃至0.1重量%以下の量で存在し、残留する繊維仕上げ剤が斑の形態で存在し、およそ室温で少なくとも約170重量ポンド(lbf)の繊維層間の層間重ねせん断強度を有する、請求項1に記載の繊維複合材料。
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JP6983750B2 (ja) | 2021-12-17 |
JP2019073717A (ja) | 2019-05-16 |
BR112014005317A2 (pt) | 2020-05-05 |
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MX356542B (es) | 2018-06-01 |
US20160200039A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
US20140302273A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
WO2013085581A3 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
KR102025297B1 (ko) | 2019-09-25 |
CA2847370A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
EP2753748B1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
CN103906875A (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
EP2753748A2 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
BR112014005317B1 (pt) | 2021-06-29 |
US9821515B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
US9023450B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 |
KR20140061497A (ko) | 2014-05-21 |
IL231250B (en) | 2019-01-31 |
US20200307119A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
WO2013085581A2 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
MX2014002638A (es) | 2014-05-22 |
EP2753748A4 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
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