JP6147200B2 - タンタル粉末 - Google Patents
タンタル粉末 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6147200B2 JP6147200B2 JP2014011157A JP2014011157A JP6147200B2 JP 6147200 B2 JP6147200 B2 JP 6147200B2 JP 2014011157 A JP2014011157 A JP 2014011157A JP 2014011157 A JP2014011157 A JP 2014011157A JP 6147200 B2 JP6147200 B2 JP 6147200B2
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- tantalum
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- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 34
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 72
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 47
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 19
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003635 deoxygenating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012705 liquid precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910012375 magnesium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940110728 nitrogen / oxygen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- WTKKCYNZRWIVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum Chemical compound [Ta+5] WTKKCYNZRWIVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/052—Sintered electrodes
- H01G9/0525—Powder therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/20—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
- B22F9/22—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds using gaseous reductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1204—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 preliminary treatment of ores or scrap to eliminate non- titanium constituents, e.g. iron, without attacking the titanium constituent
- C22B34/1209—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 preliminary treatment of ores or scrap to eliminate non- titanium constituents, e.g. iron, without attacking the titanium constituent by dry processes, e.g. with selective chlorination of iron or with formation of a titanium bearing slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
- C22B34/24—Obtaining niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/08—Apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
- C22B5/14—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases fluidised material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/18—Reducing step-by-step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
C=(F・ε)/(d・VF)
〔式中、Fは、コンデンサの表面積を表わし、εは、誘電定数を表わし、dは、化成電圧1V当たりの絶縁層の厚さを表わし、VFは、化成電圧を表わす〕により算出される。五酸化タンタルのための誘電定数εは、27であり、化成電圧1ボルト当たりの層の厚さdの成長は、18Å/Vである。金属と五酸化物との厚さの差のために、五酸化物層は、化成の際に約1/3が元来の金属構造体内に入り込んで成長し、2/3がこの金属構造体上で成長する。成長する五酸化物層によって、細孔が縮小化ないし閉塞までを生じるか、或いはカソードがもはや形成され得ないような閉鎖された細孔が形成される。即ち、活性のコンデンサ表面積の損失を生じる。化成電圧が高ければ高いほど、即ち五酸化物層の厚さが厚ければ厚いほど、損失は、ますます大きくなる。理想的には、アノード構造体の最小細孔および入口断面積は、選択された化成電圧に対して形成される五酸化物層の厚さの数倍より大きい。
この場合D10、D50およびD90は、粒度分布の10質量百分位数、50質量百分位数(メジアン)または90質量百分位数で記載され、比容量は、10Vの化成電圧で280000μFV/g〜340000μFV/gまたは16Vの化成電圧で230000μFV/g〜280000μFV/gである。残留電流は、0.4nA/μFV〜0.65nA/μFV(10Vの化成電圧)、または0.4nA/μFV〜0.5nA/μFV(16Vの化成電圧)である。
A)五酸化タンタルの還元
実施例1〜9(一次粉末1〜9)には、ASTM B 822(機器Malvem社 マスターサイザー(MasterSizer) Sμ)により測定された、17.8μmのDIO値、34.9μmおよび71.3μmのD90値および0.14m2/gのASTM D 3663により測定された比表面積(BET)に相当する粒度分布を有する微粒状の部分焼結された出発五酸化タンタルを使用する。粉末の個々の粒子は、高度に多孔質であり、ほぼ球面形状を有する。REM(走査電子顕微鏡)撮影から、この粒子は、2.4μm(REM(走査電子顕微鏡)撮影から目視的に測定した)の平均直径を有するほぼ球状の一次粒子の強く焼結された凝集塊からなることを確認することができる。図2は、出発五酸化物層のREM(走査電子顕微鏡)撮影図を示す。実施例10〜12(一次粉末10〜12)では、不規則な形状およびD10=32.4μm、D50=138.7μmおよびD90=264.8μmによって特性決定された粒度分布を有する相応する材料から出発される。比表面積は、0.12m2/gである。出発五酸化タンタルを、1.1倍の化学量論的量(五酸化物の酸素含量に対して)のマグネシウムを含むるつぼの上方でタンタル薄板で被覆された反応器中のタンタル線材からなる網状物上に供給する。この反応器を炉によって加熱する。マグネシウムを含むるつぼの下方で反応器には、ガス入口開口が存在し、ならびに五酸化タンタル堆積物の上方でガス取出し開口が存在する。炉のガス内圧は、炉壁を貫通するスタブケーブルにより測定されることができる。保護ガスとしては、ゆっくりと炉を貫流するアルゴンが使用される。還元温度に加熱を開始する前に、反応器をアルゴンで洗浄する。還元温度の達成前に、アルゴン圧力を還元のために調節する。反応の終結および反応器の冷却の後に、徐々に空気を反応器中に供給し、金属粉末を溶解損失に抗するように不動態化する。形成された酸化マグネシウムを硫酸および引続く脱塩水での洗浄によって中和するまで除去する。第1表は、実施例1〜12の冷却後および不動態化後に得られる一次粉末の還元条件および性質を示す。"マスターサイザー(Mastersizer) D10、D50、D90"の値は、ASTM B 822により測定されている。右側の欄には、比表面積に対する還元されたタンタルの酸素含量が記載されており、即ちppmでの酸素含量とBETにより測定された比表面積との商が記載されている。約3000ppm/(m2/g)の表面酸素含量は、必要である。それというのも、さもなければタンタル粉末は、発火性であるし、周囲空気との接触で燃え尽きてしまうからである。
実施例1〜12の一次粉末を燐酸水素アンモニウム溶液で含浸し、乾燥し、したがって150ppmの燐ドーピングを生じた。引続き、この粉末をるつぼ中で水平方向の反応管に導入した。粉末を含むるつぼと若干の距離をおいて、粉末の酸素含量に対して1,2倍の化学量論的量のマグネシウムを有するるつぼを反応管中に導入した。このるつぼを反応管の外側に配置された別個のヒーターによって加熱してよい。この反応管を、マグネシウムを含むるつぼの前方に設けられたガス入口管を用いてアルゴン保護ガスで洗浄し、この場合このアルゴン保護ガスは、タンタル粉末を含むるつぼの後方で取り出される。この反応器を、粉末を含むるつぼの範囲内で第2表中に記載された粉末温度に加熱し、ガス圧を、相応する調節弁を用いて第2表中に記載のガス圧に調節する。
Claims (5)
- 5.5〜7.8m2/gの比表面積並びにASTM B 822により測定された16.5〜34.8μmのD10、36.5〜131.7μmのD50、66.2〜262.0μmのD90、及び1.55〜1.91g/cm 3 の嵩密度を有し、脱酸素されたタンタル粉末であって、このタンタル粉末が、5g/cm3の圧縮密度への圧縮および高真空中で10分間に亘る1210℃での焼結の後、0.1%の燐酸中に浸漬させ、150mAに制限された電流強さで10Vの化成電圧になるまでの化成後に294334〜342745μFV/gの比容量を有することを特徴とする、前記タンタル粉末。
- 5.5〜7.8m2/gの比表面積を有し、5g/cm3の圧縮密度への圧縮および高真空中で10分間に亘る1210℃での焼結の後、0.1%の燐酸中に浸漬させ、150mAに制限された電流強さで10Vの化成電圧になるまでの化成後に294334〜342745μFV/gの比容量を有し、および0.1%の燐酸中に浸漬させ、150mAに制限された電流強さで16Vの化成電圧になるまでの化成後に238230〜243988μFV/gの比容量を有する、請求項1記載のタンタル粉末。
- 全部で5ppm未満のナトリウムおよびカリウムの含量および全部で25ppm未満の鉄、クロムおよびニッケルの含量を有する、請求項1又は2に記載のタンタル粉末。
- 全部で2ppm未満のナトリウムおよびカリウムの含量を有する、請求項3記載のタンタル粉末。
- 全部で15ppm未満の鉄、クロムおよびニッケルの含量を有する、請求項3または4記載のタンタル粉末。
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