JP6138227B2 - 腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム - Google Patents
腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、国立健康協会によって授与された許可番号1 R41 RR019159−01号のもとで政府の補助とともになされた。政府は、本発明に対してある権利を有する。
本出願は、2005年6月6日に出願された米国仮出願第60/688,013号に対して優先権を主張し、米国仮出願第60/688,013号は、参照により本明細書に援用される。
本発明は、一般的にはロボット外科手術システムに関し、特に、最小侵襲外科手術手順のために有用である腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システムに関する。
最小侵襲外科手術は、伝統的な開腹手術技術に対して多くの利点を提供し、それらの利点は、痛みがより少ないこと、病院滞在がより短いこと、通常活動により早く復帰すること、および組織の損傷がより少ないことを含む。結果として、ロボット外科手術システムを用いる最小侵襲外科手術の必要性は、強くかつ大きくなっている。
従って、本発明の多様な側面の1つの目的は、使用するのが容易であり、外科医の能率を促進する腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システムおよびロボット支援腹腔鏡超音波方法である。
本発明は、例えば、以下を提供する。
(項目1)
超音波プローブに機械的に結合された第1のロボットアームと、
外科手術に関連するデバイスに機械的に結合された第2のロボットアームと、
マスターマニピュレータと、
ユーザ選択可能な第1および第2のモードを有する制御スイッチと、
該制御スイッチが該第1のモードにある場合、該第2のロボットアームを適所に固定させ、該マスターマニピュレータのユーザ操縦に従って該第1のロボットアームに該超音波プローブを移動させ、該制御スイッチが該第2のモードにある場合、該マスターマニピュレータの操縦に従って該第2のロボットアームに該ツールを操縦させ、格納された命令に関連付けられたユーザコマンドの検知時に該格納された命令に従って該第1のロボットアームに、該超音波プローブを移動させるように構成された処理器とを備える、腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目2)
上記外科手術に関連するデバイスは、外科手術のツールである、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目3)
上記ユーザコマンドは、音声コマンドである、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目4)
上記ユーザコマンドは、グラフィカルユーザインターフェースにおいて提供されるオプションのユーザ選択から得る、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目5)
上記ユーザコマンドは、スイッチ位置によって指示された選択から得られる、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目6)
上記格納された命令は、上記第1のロボットアームに上記超音波プローブを移動させるように処理器に命令し、その結果、移動している間に該超音波プローブによって捕捉された2D超音波画像スライスは、最小侵襲外科手術手順中に解剖学的構造の少なくとも一部の3Dコンピュータモデルを生成するための情報を提供する、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目7)
上記格納された命令は、処理器に命令して、格納された点の軌跡に沿って上記超音波プローブを上記第1のロボットアームに移動させる、項目6に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目8)
上記格納された命令は、処理器に命令して、上記第1のロボットアームに格納された点の上記軌跡に沿って繰り返し上記超音波プローブを前後に移動させる、項目7に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目9)
格納された点の上記軌跡は、解剖学的構造の表面の点を含む、項目7に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目10)
上記格納された命令は、処理器に命令して、上記第1のロボットアームに上記超音波プローブを移動させて、その結果格納された位置および姿勢に配置され配向される、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目11)
上記格納された位置および姿勢は、該位置および姿勢で上記超音波プローブによって生成された超音波画像のクリック可能なサムネールに対応する、項目10に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目12)
上記処理器は、ユーザが上記クリック可能なサムネールをクリックしたという指示を受信したときに、上記第1のロボットアームに上記超音波プローブを上記格納された位置および姿勢に移動させるように構成されている、項目11に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目13)
上記外科手術関連デバイスは、外科手術ツールであり、該外科手術関連デバイスは、
患者における外科手術部位の画像を捕捉する内視鏡をさらに備え、
上記処理器は、表示画面のピクチャー部に捕捉された画像を、該表示画面のピクチャー・イン・ピクチャー部内に上記超音波プローブによって捕捉された超音波画像を表示するように構成されている、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目14)
上記外科手術関連デバイスは、外科手術ツールであり、該外科手術関連デバイスは、
ビデオ画像を捕捉する内視鏡をさらに備え、
上記処理器は、上記超音波プローブによって捕捉された超音波画像を該内視鏡によって捕捉されたビデオ画像に位置合わせする、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目15)
上記処理器は、上記内視鏡に関連付けられた基準フレームに相対的な上記超音波画像の位置および姿勢を決定し、表示画面上の該決定された位置および姿勢にビデオ画像をオーバーレイするように該超音波画像を表示するように構成されている、項目14に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目16)
上記内視鏡は、上記超音波プローブの捕捉された画像を含む右および左の2Dカメラビューを捕捉する立体内視鏡であり、上記表示画面は、3D表示画面であり、上記処理器は、該捕捉された右および左の2Dカメラビューから3Dカメラ画像を生成し、3Dカメラ画像を該3D表示画面に表示し、該超音波画像によって捕捉された2D超音波画像スライスを該3Dカメラ画像にオーバーレイするように構成され、その結果、該3Dカメラ画像が該超音波プローブから適切な関係で生じるように見える、項目15に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目17)
上記制御スイッチは、ユーザの音声コマンドによって上記第1または第2のモードに置かれる、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目18)
上記制御スイッチは、グラフィカルユーザインターフェースにおいて提供されるオプションのユーザ選択によって上記第1または第2のモードに置かれる、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目19)
上記制御スイッチは、ユーザ選択されたスイッチの位置によって上記第1または第2の位置に置かれる、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目20)
上記超音波プローブは、該超音波プローブに対して及ぼされる力を感知する力センサを含み、該感知された力の情報を上記処理器に提供し、該処理器は、該感知された力の情報を上記マスターマニピュレータに戻して反映させ、その結果、該マスターマニピュレータを操縦している間ユーザによって感じられる、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目21)
上記超音波プローブは、
超音波センサと、
延長軸と、
該延長軸の長さに沿って走る軸に対する該超音波センサの上下および左右の移動を可能にするように、該超音波センサを該延長軸に結合する手首機構とを
備える、項目1に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目22)
上記超音波プローブは、
上記超音波センサに結合された第1の対のケーブルであって、該第1の対のケーブルの一方のみを引くことによって該超音波センサは左右の方向に移動し、該第1の対のケーブルの他方のみを引く時、反対の左右の方向に移動する、第1の対のケーブルをさらに備えている、項目21に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目23)
上記超音波プローブは、
上記超音波センサに結合された第2の対のケーブルであって、該第2の対のケーブルの一方のみを引くことによって該超音波センサは上下の方向に移動し、該第2の対のケーブルの他方のみを引く時、反対の上下の方向に移動する、第2の対のケーブルをさらに備えている、項目22に記載の腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム。
(項目24)
訓練指示の開始の検知時に現在の超音波プローブの位置および姿勢を格納することと、
訓練指示の終了の検知まで周期的に超音波プローブの位置および姿勢を格納して位置および姿勢の軌跡を定義することとを包含する、ロボット支援腹腔鏡超音波を提供する方法。
(項目25)
訓練指示の上記開始および終了は、ユーザボイスコマンドによって生成される、項目24に記載の方法。
(項目26)
訓練指示の上記開始および終了は、グラフィカルユーザインターフェースを用いるユーザ選択によって生成される、項目24に記載の方法。
(項目27)
訓練指示の上記開始および終了は、1つ以上のスイッチ機構の位置によって生成される、項目24に記載の方法。
(項目28)
位置および姿勢の軌跡を第1の音声コマンドに関連付けることをさらに包含する、項目24に記載の方法。
(項目29)
上記第1の音声コマンドの検知時に、上記超音波プローブを位置および姿勢の上記軌跡に沿って移動させることをさらに包含する、項目28に記載の方法。
(項目30)
上記第1の音声コマンドの検知時に第2の音声コマンドの検知まで、上記超音波プローブを位置および姿勢の上記軌跡に沿って前後に移動させることをさらに包含する、項目28に記載の方法。
(項目31)
位置および姿勢の上記軌跡を表示画面に表示されるクリック可能なサムネールに関連付けることをさらに包含する、項目24に記載の方法。
(項目32)
上記クリック可能なサムネールがクリックされたことの検知時に、停止指示が受信されるまで、上記超音波プローブを位置および姿勢の上記軌跡に沿って移動させることをさらに包含する、項目31に記載の方法。
(項目33)
位置および姿勢の上記軌跡を第1のスイッチ位置に関連付けることをさらに包含する、項目24に記載の方法。
(項目34)
スイッチが上記第1のスイッチ位置にあることの検知時に、該スイッチが第2のスイッチ位置にあることを検知するまで、上記超音波プローブを位置および姿勢の上記軌跡に沿って移動させることをさらに包含する、項目33に記載の方法。
(項目35)
1つの位置および姿勢に配置された超音波プローブを用いて超音波画像を捕捉することと、
該位置および姿勢の情報を格納することと、
該超音波画像のクリック可能なサムネールを生成することと、
該格納された位置および姿勢を該クリック可能なサムネールに関連付けることと、
該クリック可能なサムネールを表示画面に表示することとを
包含する、ロボット支援腹腔鏡超音波を提供する方法。
(項目36)
ユーザが上記クリック可能なサムネール上でクリックした情報を受信することと、
上記超音波プローブを、該クリックされたクリック可能なサムネールに関連付けられた該位置および姿勢に配置させることとを
さらに包含する、項目35に記載の方法。
(項目37)
患者における解剖学的構造の超音波ビューを、該解剖学的構造のカメラビューに対する位置合わせされたオーバーレイとして表示することと、
該超音波ビュー上にマークが付けられた標的の情報を受信することと、
ツールが該患者内の該標的まで移動する経路を決定することと、
仮想的な固定されたものを生成することにより、該ツールを該決定された経路上を移動するよう電気的に拘束することを支援することと
を包含する、ロボット支援腹腔鏡超音波を提供する方法。
(項目38)
上記解剖学的構造は癌であり、上記標的は上記表示された超音波ビュー上で外科医によってマークが付けられた病変であり、上記ツールは針である、項目37に記載の方法。
(項目39)
上記標的からの上記ツールの距離を決定することと、
該距離を指示するように、上記超音波ビュー上でマークが付けられた該標的の色を変化させることとを
さらに包含する、項目37に記載の方法。
(項目40)
上記ツールの先端が上記解剖学的構造の表面から閾値距離に到達した時を決定することと、
該ツールの該先端が該閾値距離に到達したことを決定した時にピクチャーインピクチャーウィンドウに上記超音波画像および該ツールの直角のビューを表示することとを
さらに包含する、項目37に記載の方法。
(項目41)
上記超音波画像は、上記解剖学的構造の2D超音波画像スライスの列から生成された3D画像である、項目40に記載の方法。
図1は、一例として、ロボット外科手術システムを使用する手術室の上面図を図示する。この場合のロボット外科手術システムは、腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム100であり、該腹腔鏡超音波ロボット外科手術システム100は、外科医(「S」)によって使用されるコンソール(「C」)を含み、1人以上の助手(「A」)からの支援で患者(「P」)に対して最小侵襲診断または外科手術手順を行い、該患者は、手術テーブル(「O」)上に横たわっている。
Claims (9)
- 現在の位置に配置される超音波プローブに機械的に結合された第1のロボットアームと、
ディスプレイと、
処理器と
を備える医療システムであって、
前記ディスプレイは、対象物の第1の2次元超音波画像スライスとして前記ディスプレイ上に現れる第1のクリック可能なサムネイルを表示し、前記第1の2次元超音波画像スライスは、第1の位置にある間に前記超音波プローブにより捕捉されたものであり、
前記処理器は、前記第1のクリック可能なサムネイルをユーザがクリックしたことにより指示される第1のユーザコマンドに応答して前記超音波プローブを前記現在の位置から前記第1の位置へと自動的に移動させてそこで待機させるように前記第1のロボットアームに命令するようにプログラムされている、医療システム。 - 前記処理器は、前記第1の位置を含む位置の第1の軌跡に関連付けられた第2のユーザコマンドを受信したことに応答して前記超音波プローブを前記第1の軌跡に沿って自動的に移動させるように前記第1のロボットアームに命令するようにプログラムされている、請求項1に記載の医療システム。
- 前記第2のユーザコマンドが、音声コマンドであるか、または、
前記第2のユーザコマンドが、グラフィカルユーザインターフェースにおいて提供されるオプションのユーザ選択から得られるか、または、
前記第2のユーザコマンドが、スイッチ位置によって指示される選択から得られる、請求項2に記載の医療システム。 - 内視鏡をさらに備え、
前記処理器は、前記内視鏡により捕捉された画像を前記ディスプレイのピクチャー部内に表示させるようにプログラムされており、
前記第2のユーザコマンドは、前記超音波プローブを位置の前記第1の軌跡に沿って自動的に移動させるように前記第1のロボットアームに命令する一方で、前記超音波プローブにより捕捉された超音波画像を前記ディスプレイのピクチャー・イン・ピクチャー部内に表示させるように前記処理器に命令する、請求項2に記載の医療システム。 - ビデオ画像を捕捉する内視鏡をさらに備え、
前記処理器は、前記ビデオ画像を前記ディスプレイ上に表示させるようにプログラムされており、
前記処理器は、前記超音波プローブにより捕捉された超音波画像を、前記内視鏡により捕捉された前記ビデオ画像に空間的に位置合わせするようにプログラムされており、
前記処理器は、前記空間的に位置合わせされた超音波画像を、前記ディスプレイ上に表示されている前記ビデオ画像に対する位置合わせされたオーバーレイとして表示させるようにプログラムされている、請求項2に記載の医療システム。 - 前記第1のロボットアームは、関節を有し、前記第1の位置は、前記超音波プローブが以前に前記第1の位置にあったときの前記関節の位置の情報を用いることにより特定される、請求項1に記載の医療システム。
- 前記超音波プローブは、前記超音波プローブが以前に前記第1の位置にあったときに以前の姿勢にあり、前記処理器は、前記第1のクリック可能なサムネイルを前記ユーザがクリックしたことにより指示される前記第1のユーザコマンドに応答して前記以前の姿勢に配向されるように前記超音波プローブを自動的に移動させるように前記第1のロボットアームに命令するようにプログラムされている、請求項1に記載の医療システム。
- 前記ディスプレイは、前記対象物の第2の2次元超音波画像スライスとして前記ディスプレイ上に現れる第2のクリック可能なサムネイルを表示し、前記第2の2次元超音波画像スライスは、第3の位置にある間に前記超音波プローブにより捕捉されたものであり、
前記処理器は、前記第2のクリック可能なサムネイルをユーザがクリックしたことにより指示される第3のユーザコマンドに応答して前記超音波プローブを前記第3の位置へと自動的に移動させるように前記第1のロボットアームに命令するようにプログラムされている、請求項1に記載の医療システム。 - 前記処理器は、前記第3の位置を含む位置の第2の軌跡に関連付けられた第4のユーザコマンドを受信したことに応答して前記超音波プローブを前記第2の軌跡に沿って自動的に移動させるように前記第1のロボットアームに命令するようにプログラムされている、請求項8に記載の医療システム。
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