JP6106952B2 - 放射性物質吸着材、並びにそれを用いた吸着容器、吸着塔、及び水処理装置 - Google Patents
放射性物質吸着材、並びにそれを用いた吸着容器、吸着塔、及び水処理装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6106952B2 JP6106952B2 JP2012122215A JP2012122215A JP6106952B2 JP 6106952 B2 JP6106952 B2 JP 6106952B2 JP 2012122215 A JP2012122215 A JP 2012122215A JP 2012122215 A JP2012122215 A JP 2012122215A JP 6106952 B2 JP6106952 B2 JP 6106952B2
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- Prior art keywords
- titanate
- adsorption
- water
- radioactive
- adsorbent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 title description 16
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metatitanate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Ti](=O)O[Ti](=O)O[Ti]([O-])=O GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;magnesium;silicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMVPEQXCMGEDNH-TZVUEUGBSA-N ceftazidime pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C([O-])=O)=O)NC(=O)\C(=N/OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)C=2N=C(N)SC=2)CC=1C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 NMVPEQXCMGEDNH-TZVUEUGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- FKHIFSZMMVMEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N talc Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O FKHIFSZMMVMEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
また、放射性ストロンチウムを吸着するチタン酸ナトリウムイオン交換体の製造方法として、含水酸化チタンをアルコールと水酸化ナトリウムからなる液でスラリー化させて加熱し、濾過・乾燥した後に破砕・分級してナトリウム/チタンモル比が0.6以下の顆粒状のチタン酸ナトリウムを製造する方法が提案されている(特許文献1)。
また、特許文献1に記載される方法で製造される顆粒状のチタン酸ナトリウムは、一次粒子の凝集体であるため、強度が弱く、輸送中等に加えられる振動や衝撃等で粉砕されて微粉化したり、水中に投入すると凝集体の崩壊で一次粒子が脱落してしまう。このため、この微粉化した粒子や一次粒子が、吸着塔のストレーナーを閉塞させたり、吸着塔ストレーナーを通過して、放射線を帯びた微粉が吸着塔からリークしてしまうという課題があった。
本発明はまた、機械的強度に優れ、微粉等のリークの問題がなく、水処理材として取扱性に優れた放射性物質吸着材を提供することを課題とする。
本発明はまた、この放射性物質吸着材を充填してなる吸着容器及び吸着塔と、この吸着容器又は吸着塔を適用した水処理装置を提供することを課題とする。
また、このチタン酸塩の粉末にバインダーを加えて所定の大きさの粒状体に成形し、更に焼成することにより、機械的強度に優れ、微粉等のリークの問題がなく、水処理材として取扱性に優れた放射性物質吸着材を実現することができることを見出した。
また、このようなチタン酸塩の粉末にバインダーを加えて成形した後、焼成することによって、機械的強度が向上し、輸送中等に加えられる振動や衝撃等による破砕や、水に投入したときの一次粒子の脱落を抑制することができる。このため、微粉粒子による吸着塔ストレーナーの閉塞や、放射線を帯びた微粉のリークを防止することができる。
カチオン交換容量の点ではM2TiO3(M:一価カチオン)が理想ではあるが、M2TiO3(M:一価カチオン)で表されるチタン酸塩は非常に不安定であり、加熱等により直ちにM2Ti2O5(M:一価カチオン)に変性してしまう。
M2Ti2O5(M:一価カチオン)であれば、熱的にも安定であり、酸・アルカリ等の耐薬品性にも優れており、水処理用の吸着材として好適である。
従って、本発明においては、このような粒径のチタン酸塩粉末を用いることが好ましい。チタン酸塩粉末の平均粒子径は、より好ましくは4〜30μmである。
これらのうち、バインダーとしては、化成品であるケイ酸塩化合物よりも天然物である粘土鉱物を用いる方が安価に製造できる点で好ましく、さらに、粘土鉱物の中でも粒状体の機械的強度の点でアタパルジャイトやセピオライト等の繊維状の粘土鉱物を用いることが好ましい。
なお、ここで、粒状体の粒径とは、粒状体が球状であればその直径に該当し、その他の形状の場合、当該粒状体を2枚の平行な板で挟んだとき、その板の間隔が最も大きくなる部位の長さ(2枚の板の間隔)をさす。
酸化チタン418.94g及び炭酸カリウム377.05gをヘンシェルミキサーで混合し、得られた混合物を振動ミルで粉砕しながら0.5時間混合した。
得られた粉砕混合物50gをルツボに充填し、電気炉にて780℃で4時間焼成を行い、焼成物をハンマーミルにて粉砕を行い、不規則な方向に複数の突起が延びる形状を有した二チタン酸カリウムを得た。平均粒子径20μmであった。
酸化チタン117.50g、炭酸カリウム58.75g及び塩化カリウム23.50gをヘンシェルミキサーで混合し、得られた混合物50gをルツボに充填し、電気炉にて1000℃で4時間焼成を行い、焼成物を温水中に投入して解きほぐし、濾別、乾燥し、四チタン酸カリウム繊維を得た。
また、比較例2の放射性物質吸着材としては、合成例2で得られた四チタン酸カリウムを用い、比較例3の放射性物質吸着材としては、8チタン酸カリウム(商品名「ティスモ」化学式:K2Ti8O17 大塚化学社製)を用いた。
合成例1で得られた二チタン酸カリウム粉末400gに、バインダーとしてアタパルジャイト粉末80gを加え、混合撹拌造粒機(商品名「VG−01」、パウレック社製)により、回転数400rpmで高速撹拌させた。その後、4重量%のポリビニルアルコール溶液をゆっくりと190g加え、転動造粒により雪だるま式に粒子を成長させた。得られた造粒体を105℃で2時間乾燥させた後、金属製の篩で粒径300〜1180μmに分級した。分級した粒状体を電気マッフル炉にて空気雰囲気下、600℃で2時間焼成した。
実施例1の放射性物質吸着材と比較例1の放射性物質吸着材をそれぞれ1g計量し、コニカルビーカーに投入後、水道水(栃木県野木町水)99gを添加して軽く振り混ぜた後、JIS K0101(工業用水試験方法)に従い、上澄液の濁度を計測して耐一次粒子脱落性を評価した。
濁度を計測した結果、実施例1の放射性物質吸着材が濁度1.9であったのに対し、比較例1の放射性物質吸着材では濁度230であった。
この結果から、実施例1の放射性物質吸着材は、比較例1の放射性物質吸着材よりも、水中での一次粒子の脱落が大幅に低減されることが分かる。
実施例1の放射性物質吸着材と比較例2,3の放射性物質吸着材をそれぞれ1g計量し、ポリ容器に投入した。各々のポリ容器に、安定同位体の塩化ストロンチウムをストロンチウム濃度が10mg/Lとなるように水道水(栃木県野木町水)に溶解させた水溶液100mLを加えた。30分、1時間、2時間、4時間、それぞれ振とうさせた後、0.45μmのメンブレンフィルターで濾過し、濾液をICP−MSに導入して濾液中のストロンチウム濃度を定量した。結果を図1に示す。
図1より、ストロンチウム濃度は、実施例1の放射性物質吸着材の場合が最も低濃度まで低減できていることが分かる。
Claims (9)
- 化学式がM2Ti2O5(M:一価カチオン)で表されるチタン酸塩を含む、粒径150〜3000μmの成形体よりなり、
前記チタン酸塩は、平均粒子径が1〜150μmであり、
前記一価カチオンMがカリウムであり、
前記チタン酸塩が、化学式がK 2 Ti 2 O 5 で表され、不規則な方向に複数の突起物が延びる形状を有するチタン酸塩であることを特徴とする水中の放射性ストロンチウム吸着材。 - 前記チタン酸塩の平均粒子径が4〜30μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水中の放射性ストロンチウム吸着材。
- 前記成形体がバインダーを含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の水中の放射性ストロンチウム吸着材。
- 前記バインダーが粘土鉱物であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の水中の放射性ストロンチウム吸着材。
- 前記粘土鉱物がアタパルジャイトであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の水中の放射性ストロンチウム吸着材。
- 前記バインダーの割合は、チタン酸塩1質量部に対し0.1〜0.5質量部であることを特徴とする請求項3ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の水中の放射性ストロンチウム吸着材。
- 請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の水中の放射性ストロンチウム吸着材が充填されてなることを特徴とする吸着容器。
- 請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の水中の放射性ストロンチウム吸着材が充填されてなることを特徴とする吸着塔。
- 請求項7に記載の吸着容器又は請求項8に記載の吸着塔を備えることを特徴とする水処理装置。
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CN201380028418.7A CN104412329B (zh) | 2012-05-29 | 2013-05-21 | 放射性物质吸附材料、吸附容器、吸附塔、及水处理装置 |
US14/403,009 US20150306594A1 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2013-05-21 | Radioactive material adsorbent, adsorption vessel, adsorption tower, and water treatment device |
EP13796716.2A EP2860735B1 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2013-05-21 | Radioactive material adsorbent, adsorption vessel, adsorption tower, and water treatment device |
PCT/JP2013/064028 WO2013179940A1 (ja) | 2012-05-29 | 2013-05-21 | 放射性物質吸着材、吸着容器、吸着塔、及び水処理装置 |
TW102118651A TWI619549B (zh) | 2012-05-29 | 2013-05-27 | Radioactive material adsorbing material, adsorption container, adsorption tower, and water treatment device |
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JP6263066B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-27 | 2018-01-17 | 株式会社クボタ | 複合チタネートイオン交換体 |
CN104475008B (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-02-01 | 北京林业大学 | 一种高温co2吸附材料及其在吸附增强型产氢反应中的应用方法 |
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JP7086524B2 (ja) | 2017-03-08 | 2022-06-20 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | アルカリ土類金属イオン吸着剤及びその製造方法並びにアルカリ土類金属イオン含有液処理装置 |
JP6470354B2 (ja) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-02-13 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | シリコチタネート成形体及びその製造方法、シリコチタネート成形体を含むセシウム又はストロンチウムの吸着剤、及び当該吸着剤を用いる放射性廃液の除染方法 |
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