JP5937581B2 - 歪みおよびスクラッチによる白化に対する性能が改善されたポリウレタン/ポリオレフィンブレンド - Google Patents
歪みおよびスクラッチによる白化に対する性能が改善されたポリウレタン/ポリオレフィンブレンド Download PDFInfo
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- JP5937581B2 JP5937581B2 JP2013515351A JP2013515351A JP5937581B2 JP 5937581 B2 JP5937581 B2 JP 5937581B2 JP 2013515351 A JP2013515351 A JP 2013515351A JP 2013515351 A JP2013515351 A JP 2013515351A JP 5937581 B2 JP5937581 B2 JP 5937581B2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
- C08L75/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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Description
A.1から90%のTPUポリマー、
B.1から90%のポリオレフィンポリマー、
C.1から60%の膨張性リンタイプ難燃剤、
D.0.5から25%の液体ホスフェート改質剤、ならびに
E.任意選択の添加剤および/または充填剤
を含む組成物である。
一実施形態において、組成物はハロゲンを含まない。一実施形態において、TPUは、ポリエーテル系またはポリエステル系ポリウレタンの少なくとも1種である。一実施形態において、ポリオレフィンポリマーは極性ポリオレフィンポリマーである。
別途の記載がない限り、文脈から暗示されない限り、または当技術分野において慣習的でない限り、全ての部およびパーセントは重量に基づいており、全ての試験方法は、本開示の出願日に最新のものである。米国特許実施の目的のために、いかなる引用された特許、特許出願または公開の内容も、それらの全体が、特に定義の開示(本開示で具体的に提供されているいかなる定義とも矛盾しない程度に)および当技術分野における一般的知識に関して、参照により組み込まれている(またはその同等のUS版が参照によりそのように組み込まれている)。
本発明の実施において使用される熱可塑性ポリウレタンは、ポリイソシアネート(典型的にはジイソシアネート)と、1種または複数種のポリマー性ジオールと、場合により1種または複数種の二官能性鎖伸張剤との反応生成物である。ここで使用される「熱可塑性」は、(1)その元の長さを超えて引き伸ばすこと、および弛緩されたときに実質的にその元の長さに収縮することができ、かつ(2)熱に曝されたときに軟化し、室温に冷却されたときに実質的にその元の状態に戻るポリマーのことである。
(式中、Rは、アルキレン、シクロアルキレン、またはアリーレン基である)
により表される。これらのジイソシアネートの代表的例は、USP4,385,133、4,522,975および5,167,899で見出すことができる。適当なジイソシアネートの非限定的な例として、4,4’−ジイソシアナトジフェニル−1−メタン、p−フェニレンジイソシアネート、1,3−ビス(イソシアナトメチル)−シクロヘキサン、1,4−ジイソシアナト−シクロヘキサン、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、1,5−ナフタレンジイソシアネート、3,3’−ジメチル−4,4’−ビフェニルジイソシアネート、4,4’−ジイソシアナト−ジシクロヘキシルメタン、2,4−トルエンジイソシアネート、および4,4’−ジイソシアナト−ジフェニルメタンが挙げられる。
これらの熱可塑性ポリマーは、オレフィンのホモポリマーおよびインターポリマーの両方を含む。オレフィンのホモポリマーの例は、エチレンおよびプロピレンのホモポリマーである。オレフィンのインターポリマーの例は、エチレン/α−オレフィンインターポリマーおよびプロピレン/α−オレフィンインターポリマーである。α−オレフィンは、好ましくはC3〜20線状、分岐または環状α−オレフィンである(プロピレンおよび高級オレフィン/α−オレフィンインターポリマーについては、エチレンがα−オレフィンとみなされる)。C3〜20α−オレフィンの例として、プロペン、1−ブテン、4−メチル−1−ペンテン、1−ヘキセン、1−オクテン、1−デセン、1−ドデセン、1−テトラデセン、1−ヘキサデセン、および1−オクタデセンが挙げられる。α−オレフィンは、シクロヘキサンまたはシクロペンタンなどの環状構造も含有することができ、結果として3−シクロヘキシル−1−プロペン(アリルシクロヘキサン)およびビニルシクロヘキサンなどのα−オレフィンが生じる。用語の伝統的意味においてα−オレフィンではないが、本発明の目的のために、ある種の環状オレフィン、例えばノルボルネンおよび関連オレフィンなどはα−オレフィンであり、上記のα−オレフィンの一部または全部の代わりに使用することができる。同様に、スチレンおよびその関連オレフィン(例えば、α−メチルスチレンなど)は本発明の目的のためにα−オレフィンである。代表的なポリオレフィンコポリマーとして、エチレン/プロピレン、エチレン/ブテン、エチレン/1−ヘキセン、エチレン/1−オクテン、エチレン/スチレン等が挙げられる。代表的なターポリマーとしては、エチレン/プロピレン/1−オクテン、エチレン/プロピレン/ブテン、エチレン/ブテン/1−オクテン、およびエチレン/ブテン/スチレンが挙げられる。コポリマーは、ランダムまたはブロックコポリマーであってよい。
良好な燃焼性能は、リン系の膨張性タイプ難燃剤、好ましくはハロゲンを含まない難燃剤(HFFR)の組込みによりTPU/ポリオレフィンブレンドに付与することができる。これらのタイプの難燃剤は、典型的には固体のリン性充填剤を含む。リン系の膨張性難燃剤は典型的には、組み合わされたリン−窒素種としてまたは別々の成分としてのいずれかで窒素を供給する1種または複数種の成分も含む。
リン系の膨張性難燃剤を含むTPU/ポリオレフィン系組成物中への液体ホスフェート改質剤の組込みは、歪みまたはスクラッチによる白化を大きく減少させ、同時に全体的な相乗特性の利点を提供する。これらの液体ホスフェート改質剤は、上記のリン系の膨張性難燃剤と異なり、それらとは他のものである。これらの液体ホスフェート改質剤は、TPU/ポリオレフィン樹脂系との相溶性が非常に良好であり、リン系の膨張性難燃剤との燃焼の相乗効果を有する。ここで使用される「液体ホスフェート改質剤」は、周囲条件で液体であるかまたは周囲条件で低融点の固体であるが溶融温度が150℃未満であるかのいずれかであるホスフェート難燃剤を意味する。これらの改質剤として、ビス−フェノール−A−ポリリン酸(BAPP)、レソルシノールジフェニルホスフェート(RDP)、リン酸トリクレジル(TCP)、およびこれらの化合物の2種以上の混合物が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。改質剤のさらなる例を下の表1に示す。
本発明の組成物は、添加剤および/または充填剤も含有することができる。代表的な添加剤として、酸化防止剤、硬化剤、架橋助剤、促進剤および遅延剤、加工助剤、カップリング剤(液体ホスフェートカップリング剤に加えて)、着色剤、紫外線安定剤(UV吸収剤を含む)、静電気防止剤、成核剤、スリップ剤、可塑剤、潤滑剤、粘度制御剤、粘着付与剤、粘着防止剤、界面活性剤、伸張油剤、酸除去剤、および金属不活性化剤が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。これらの添加剤は、典型的には従来の様式および従来の量、例えば、組成物の重量に基づいて0.01wt%以下から10wt%以上で使用される。
本発明の組成物は熱可塑性であり、すなわち、温度を上げることにより溶融し、温度を下げることにより固化することを繰り返すことができる。熱可塑性材料は、加熱したときの変化が化学的ではなくて実質的に物理的である材料である。それらは主として2次元または1次元の分子構造である。さらに、本発明の組成物は、難燃性であり、好ましくはハロゲンを含まない。
組成物の調合は、当業者に知られた標準的設備により実行することができる。調合設備の例は、BANBURY(商標)またはBOLLING(商標)内部ミキサーなどの内部バッチミキサーである。あるいは、FARREL(商標)連続ミキサー、WERNER AND PFLEIDERER(商標)2軸スクリューミキサー、またはBUSS(商標)混練連続押し出し機などの連続1軸または2軸スクリューミキサーを使用することができる。利用されるミキサーのタイプ、およびミキサーの操業条件は、粘度、体積抵抗、および押し出された表面の平滑性などの組成物の特性に影響し得る。
実験プロトコル
溶融混合/溶融調合:
樹脂のバッチは、カムブレード(cam blade)を備えたBRABENDER(商標)モデルPREP MIXER(登録商標)実験室用バッチ式電気ミキサーを使用して調製される。PREP MIXER(登録商標)はC.W.Brabenderの最大のミキサー/計量ヘッドであり、これはミキサーのブレードの配置に応じて350/420mlの容量を有する2つの加熱ゾーンからなる3ピースの設計である。カムブレードが挿入された正味のチェンバー体積は420mlであり、バッチサイズは、混合ボウルを適当に満たすために、以下の計算を使用して組成物密度について補正される:
バッチ重量=SG計算値*316.5
これは、良好な混合作用を与えるための約75%フィルファクターに対応する。この研究における組成物のために、これは約360から400グラム(g)の範囲内のバッチサイズを示した。カムブレードは、チェンバー内の材料の圧縮と放出とを交互に行いながら磨砕、混合および剪断力の組合せを試験試料に対して課す中程度の剪断速度のブレードとして設計されている。この特定のミキサーについて、ギアオフセットは、駆動ブレードと駆動されるブレードとのギア比が3:2である(駆動ブレードの3回転毎に、駆動されるブレードは2回転する)。2つのブレード間の相違は、駆動モータが駆動ブレードに直接動力を供給し、駆動されるブレードが混合ボウル中に備え付けられた歯車装置で回転することである。
手作業モードで操作されるGreenardのHYDROLAIR(商標)スチームプレス(急冷能力付き)を使用して、試料を圧縮成型する。各試料について1枚の8×8×75ミルのプラークを調製する。プレスを180℃(±5℃)に予熱する。85グラムの材料を予め秤量して、離型剤処理されたMYLARフィルムとアルミニウムシートとで作られた鋳型アセンブリ間の50ミルのステンレス鋼プラークの中心に置く。次に、充填された鋳型をプレス中に1平方インチ当たり500ポンド(psi)で3分間置き、次に圧力を2,200psiにさらに3分間上げる。スチーム/水の切り替えが3分目盛りの15秒前に起こり、試料を高圧設定で5分間急冷する。
Thomas Whiley EDモデル4のナイフミルを使用して、試料を顆粒化する。ミルは粉砕チェンバーからなり、粉砕チェンバーは4枚の固定ブレードと4枚の調節可能なブレードの付いたロータとを有し、ロータは、材料を粉砕するために、固定ブレードとともにエッジに対してエッジを作動させる。固定ブレードとカッティングブレードとの間のギャップサイズは調節可能であり、これらの試行のために0.030インチに設定される。製品受けは機器の底にあり、粉砕された粒子を収集する。スクリーンは、材料の大きい塊が粉砕チェンバーから出るのを防ぎ、正確な粒子サイズの粉砕された材料だけがスクリーンを通して製品受け中に落下するのを可能にする。6mmのスクリーンを使用する。粗な材料は、それがスクリーンを通過するのに十分小さくなるまでさらに粉砕するために、チェンバー中に残る。回転ヘッドの操業速度は、このモデルの最高速度である1,200rpmに設定される。次に、顆粒化された材料を収集し、押し出しまたはプラーク調製に使用する。
実験室での押し出しまたは他の試験片調製の前に、顆粒化された材料を、少なくとも6時間85℃で高真空下(<2.0インチHg)真空乾燥させる。これにより多孔性または材料分解の原因になり得る付着水分が除去される。乾燥後、材料を閉じた箔バッグに入れ、ラボの押し出し作業前に室温に冷やす。
1”×0.020”「コートハンガースリット」タイプのテープ金型を備えた3円筒ゾーン、25:1 L/D、3/4”BRABENDER押し出し機を、圧縮比3:1の計量スクリューを用いて使用する。ブレーカプレートまたはスクリーンパックは使用されない。約1m/分で動くことができる床長約1メートル(m)のテフロンコートされたコンベアベルトを使用する。ゾーン温度は、供給口から金型まで、それぞれ170℃、175℃、180℃および180℃に設定される。
押し出されたテープは、典型的には、引張試験の試験片を調製するために使用される。最初にテープ試料を、73.4°F(+/−3.6F)および相対湿度(RH)50%(+/−5%)で制御された環境で40時間条件付けする。条件付け後、試験片をアーバープレスおよびASTM−D638タイプIVの引張りバー金型を使用して切る(4.5”のドッグボーン試験片全長および幅0.250’の試験ゾーンを提供する)。
0.05インチのチップおよび0.08金型を備えた3円筒ゾーン、25:1 L/D、3/4”BRABENDER押し出し機を圧縮比3:1の計量スクリューを用いて使用する。ブレーカプレートまたはスクリーンパックは使用されない。裸の銅導電体は公称直径0.046インチの18 AWG/41ストランドである。ゾーン温度は、金型を含む全ゾーンについて180℃に設定される。ワイヤでコートされた試料を、金型から4インチのところにある水樋で直ちに冷却する。
引張り歪みによる白化を比較するために、長さ3インチのテープ試験片をRENEW(商標)4201 65/16モデルで引っ張る。試験片を伸度300%まで20インチ/分の歪み速度で引っ張る。試験中、歪みを正確に測定するために接触モードの伸び計を使用する。対照試料に対してテープを評価するために、視覚的検査を使用する。少なくとも異なった2人の者が試料を検査し、次に分析を一緒に組み合わせる。1から10までに等級付けする。より高い等級が、減少した白化または白化に対するより良好な性能に当たる。
スクラッチ耐性試験は、Texas A&Mスクラッチ試験機器を使用して行われる。試験試料は、引っ掻く前に両面テープを使用して鋼板に接着する。試料間の相違を強調するために、改良ASTM標準D7027−05試験プロトコルを使用する。この研究のために利用される試験パラメータは、スクラッチ速度100mm/s、スクラッチ長さ50mm、直線的に増加する荷重1〜10N、およびデータ収集速度1000ポイント/sである。
本願発明は以下の発明に関するものである。
(1) 組成物の重量に基づいて、重量パーセントで:
A.1から90%のTPUポリマー、
B.1から90%のポリオレフィンポリマー、
C.1から60%のリン系の膨張性難燃剤、
D.0.5から25%の液体ホスフェート改質剤、ならびに
E.任意選択の添加剤および/または充填剤
を含む組成物。
(2) TPUポリマーが、ポリエーテル系またはポリエステル系ポリウレタンの少なくとも1種である、上記(1)に記載の組成物。
(3) ポリオレフィンポリマーが極性ポリマーである、上記(2)に記載の組成物。
(4) 極性ポリマーが、エチレン/アクリル酸(EAA)、エチレン/メタクリル酸(EMA)、エチレン/アクリル酸エステルまたはメタクリル酸エステル、エチレン/酢酸ビニル(EVA)、ポリ(エチレン−co−ビニルトリメトキシシラン)コポリマー、および無水マレイン酸またはシラングラフトオレフィンポリマーの少なくとも1種である、上記(3)に記載の組成物。
(5) リン系の膨張性難燃剤が窒素供給成分を含む、上記(4)に記載の組成物。
(6) 液体ホスフェート改質剤が、ビス−フェノール−A−ポリリン酸(BAPP)、レソルシノールジフェニルホスフェート(RDP)、リン酸トリクレジル(TCP)の少なくとも1種である、上記(1)に記載の組成物。
(7) シランおよび官能化されたポリマーの1種または複数種をさらに含む、上記(1)に記載の組成物。
(8) 官能化されたポリマーがMAH−g−EVAである、上記(7)に記載の組成物。
(9) カーボンブラックをさらに含む、上記(1)に記載の組成物。
(10) 上記(1)に記載の組成物を含む物品。
(11) ワイヤまたはケーブルの形態である、上記(10)に記載の物品。
(12) 組成物がワイヤまたはケーブルの層を構成する、上記(11)に記載の物品。
Claims (5)
- 組成物の重量に基づいて、重量パーセントで:
A. 30から60%のポリエステル系熱可塑性ポリウレタンポリマー、
B. 1から7.16%の極性ポリオレフィンポリマー、
C. 10から50%のリン系の膨張性難燃剤、
D. 7から25%の、ビス−フェノール−A−ポリリン酸(BAPP)、レソルシノールジフェニルホスフェート(RDP)、リン酸トリクレジル(TCP)およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される液体ホスフェート改質剤、
E. シランカップリング剤および充填剤、ならびに
G. 任意選択の添加剤
を含み、
上記E成分およびG成分の合計が0.01〜10%である、
組成物。 - 前記極性ポリオレフィンポリマーが、エチレン/アクリル酸(EAA)、エチレン/メタクリル酸(EMA)、エチレン/アクリル酸エステルまたはメタクリル酸エステル、エチレン/酢酸ビニル(EVA)、ポリ(エチレン−co−ビニルトリメトキシシラン)コポリマー、および無水マレイン酸またはシラングラフトオレフィンポリマーの少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 液体ホスフェート改質剤が、ビス−フェノール−A−ポリリン酸(BAPP)である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む物品。
- ワイヤまたはケーブルの形態である、請求項4に記載の物品。
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CN105924940A (zh) | 2016-09-07 |
BR112012031855B1 (pt) | 2020-11-10 |
WO2011159435A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
MX343904B (es) | 2016-11-28 |
CA2800218C (en) | 2016-12-20 |
US20130081853A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
KR20130114587A (ko) | 2013-10-17 |
CN103154137A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
TW201200560A (en) | 2012-01-01 |
CA2800218A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
EP2582758A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
EP2582758B1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
BR112012031855A2 (pt) | 2016-11-08 |
US8828547B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 |
KR101825241B1 (ko) | 2018-02-02 |
MX2012014832A (es) | 2013-01-29 |
TWI534199B (zh) | 2016-05-21 |
JP2013537563A (ja) | 2013-10-03 |
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