JP5869495B2 - ガラス−セラミック用のエナメル組成物 - Google Patents
ガラス−セラミック用のエナメル組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5869495B2 JP5869495B2 JP2012547525A JP2012547525A JP5869495B2 JP 5869495 B2 JP5869495 B2 JP 5869495B2 JP 2012547525 A JP2012547525 A JP 2012547525A JP 2012547525 A JP2012547525 A JP 2012547525A JP 5869495 B2 JP5869495 B2 JP 5869495B2
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- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 106
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002468 ceramisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020711 Co—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019819 Cr—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017850 Sb—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018619 Si-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008458 Si—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008289 Si—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007570 Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007727 Zr V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005391 art glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 lead oxide PbO Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical class [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006064 precursor glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/02—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass
- C03C17/04—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass by fritting glass powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
SiO2 45〜65%
Al2O3 0〜13%
B2O3 23〜55%
Na2O 0〜10%
K2O 0〜10%
Li2O 0〜10%。
SiO2 45〜65%
Al2O3 0〜13%、好ましくは2〜8%
B2O3 23〜55%
Na2O 0〜10%、好ましくは2.5〜6%
K2O 0〜10%、好ましくは0.5〜3%
Li2O 0〜10%、好ましくは2〜6%。
SiO2 47〜57%
Al2O3 3〜6%
B2O3 27〜40%
Na2O 2〜5%
K2O 1〜2%
Li2O 3〜5%。
Claims (22)
- 少なくとも1種のガラスフリット、全重量の40〜65%の範囲の含有量の少なくとも1種の顔料、及び随意に少なくとも1種の媒体又は媒材を含有し、前記ガラスフリットが、次の構成成分を、ZrO2 及びBaOを含まずに、以下に規定する範囲内(境界値を含み、前記フリットの総重量の重量パーセントで表す)で有することを特徴とする、エナメル組成物:
SiO2 45〜65%
Al2O3 0〜13%
B2O3 23〜55%
Na2O 0〜10%
K2O 0〜10%
Li2O 0〜10%。 - 前記ガラスフリットは、47〜57%の範囲のSiO2含有量を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のエナメル組成物。
- 前記ガラスフリットは、2〜8%の範囲のAl2O3含有量を有する、請求項1又は2に記載のエナメル組成物。
- 少なくとも1種のガラスフリット、全重量の40〜65%の範囲の含有量の少なくとも1種の顔料、及び随意に少なくとも1種の媒体又は媒材を含有し、前記ガラスフリットが、次の構成成分を、以下に規定する範囲内(境界値を含み、前記フリットの総重量の重量パーセントで表す)で有することを特徴とする、エナメル組成物:
SiO2 45〜65%
Al2O3 0〜13%
B2O3 30%超55%以下
Na2O 0〜10%
K2O 0〜10%
Li2O 0〜10%。 - 前記ガラスフリットは、2.5〜6%の範囲のNa2O含有量を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物。
- 前記ガラスフリットは、0.5〜3%の範囲のK2O含有量を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物。
- 前記ガラスフリットは、2〜6%の範囲のLi2O含有量を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物。
- ZrO2、BaO、MgO、CaO及びSrOから選択される要素の少なくとも1種を含有しない、請求項1〜7に記載のエナメル組成物。
- 前記ガラスフリットは、次の成分からなる、請求項1に記載のエナメル組成物:
SiO2 45〜65%
Al2O3 0〜13%
B2O3 23〜55%
Na2O 0〜10%
K2O 0〜10%
Li2O 0〜10%。 - 前記ガラスフリットは、次の成分からなる、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物:
SiO2 47〜57%
Al2O3 3〜6%
B2O3 27〜40%
Na2O 2〜5%
K2O 1〜2%
Li2O 3〜5%。 - 前記ガラスフリット及び前記顔料は、1〜6μmの範囲の粒径を有する粒子を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物。
- 前記フリット及び顔料の相対的な含有量は、50%ずつである、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物。
- 前記顔料は、不透明の黒色顔料である、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物。
- 暖炉インサートのガラス板を被覆するための、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物。
- 前記エナメルの合計重量の45〜60%の範囲で前記少なくとも1種の顔料を含有する、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物。
- 前記ガラスフリットは、3〜6%の範囲のAl2O3含有量を有する、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物。
- 前記ガラスフリットは、1〜2%の範囲のK2O含有量を有する、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物。
- 前記ガラスフリットは、3〜5%の範囲のLi2O含有量を有する、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物。
- ガラス基材に、焼成後で10μm以下の厚みを得るように、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載のエナメル組成物を適用する、スクリーン印刷方法。
- 前記ガラス基材が、ガラス−セラミックプレートである、請求項19に記載のスクリーン印刷方法。
- 請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の組成を有するエナメルで被覆されている、ガラス−セラミックプレート。
- 前記エナメルを保持する面が火炎側に置かれることを意図している暖炉インサートである、請求項21に記載のガラス−セラミックプレート。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1050031A FR2954938B1 (fr) | 2010-01-05 | 2010-01-05 | Composition d'email pour vitroceramique |
FR1050031 | 2010-01-05 | ||
PCT/FR2010/052683 WO2011083231A1 (fr) | 2010-01-05 | 2010-12-13 | Composition d'email pour vitroceramique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2013516382A JP2013516382A (ja) | 2013-05-13 |
JP5869495B2 true JP5869495B2 (ja) | 2016-02-24 |
Family
ID=42077576
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012547525A Active JP5869495B2 (ja) | 2010-01-05 | 2010-12-13 | ガラス−セラミック用のエナメル組成物 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9822031B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2521698B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5869495B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101888701B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN102686525A (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2820453T3 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2954938B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011083231A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2926544B1 (fr) * | 2008-01-18 | 2011-04-22 | Eurokera | Article vitroceramique et email adapte pour son revetement |
FR3000057B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-01-09 | Eurokera | Article vitroceramique a affichage lumineux |
TR201820089T4 (tr) * | 2013-07-17 | 2019-02-21 | Ferro Corp | Dayanikli cam emaye oluşturma yöntemi̇ |
DE102014101140B4 (de) * | 2014-01-30 | 2019-05-23 | Schott Ag | Mit einer glasflussbasierten Beschichtung versehenes Substrat, Glasflussmaterial sowie Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Glas- oder Glaskeramiksubstrats |
FR3018170B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-10 | 2017-01-27 | Eurokera | Plan de travail en vitroceramique |
FR3018171B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-10 | 2017-01-27 | Eurokera | Plan de travail en vitroceramique |
FR3018172B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-10 | 2017-01-27 | Eurokera | Plan de travail en vitroceramique |
KR102373824B1 (ko) * | 2017-09-06 | 2022-03-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 조리장치 및 그 제조방법 |
FR3078066B1 (fr) * | 2018-02-19 | 2023-03-24 | Eurokera | Article vitrocéramique anti-traces de doigts |
FR3078067B1 (fr) * | 2018-02-19 | 2023-03-24 | Eurokera | Article vitrocéramique anti-traces de doigts |
GB201812052D0 (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-09-05 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Particle mixture, kit, ink, methods and article |
KR20210067331A (ko) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-08 | 쌩-고벵 글래스 프랑스 | 화학적 내구성이 있고 로이(Low-E) 코팅과 사용하기에 적합한 흑색 에나멜 조성물 |
DE102021126968A1 (de) | 2021-10-18 | 2023-04-20 | Schott Ag | Keramische Druckfarbe, insbesondere für einen Tintenstrahldruck, zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung auf einer Glaskeramik und beschichtete Glaskeramikplatte |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62113758A (ja) * | 1985-10-25 | 1987-05-25 | 株式会社住友金属セラミックス | 低温焼成セラミツクス |
DE3926335C1 (ja) * | 1989-08-09 | 1991-02-21 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
GB9012533D0 (en) * | 1990-06-05 | 1990-07-25 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Glass composition |
JP3173679B2 (ja) * | 1992-12-21 | 2001-06-04 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 車輌窓ガラス用セラミックカラー組成物及びそれを用いた車輌窓ガラスの製法 |
FR2701473B1 (fr) * | 1993-02-12 | 1995-06-23 | Eurokera | Compositions d'emaux sans plomb pour la decoration de vitroceramiques a faible dilatation. |
JP3858292B2 (ja) * | 1995-11-02 | 2006-12-13 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 低膨張結晶化ガラス装飾用組成物および装飾低膨張結晶化ガラス板 |
US5776613A (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 1998-07-07 | Nippon Electric Glass Co. Ltd. | Enamel frit composition for a low-expansion crystallized glass and enamel-coated low-expansion crystallized glass plate using the same |
JP3748614B2 (ja) | 1995-11-30 | 2006-02-22 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 調理器用トッププレート |
JP2000016834A (ja) * | 1998-06-30 | 2000-01-18 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | プラズマディスプレイパネルおよびその背面基板誘電体層用組成物 |
JP4003402B2 (ja) * | 2001-02-27 | 2007-11-07 | 鳴海製陶株式会社 | ガラスフラックス,着色用組成物及び装飾ガラス基板 |
JP4014468B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-07 | 2007-11-28 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 無鉛ガラスフラックス及び該フラックスを含む絵付け材料 |
DE102004022258A1 (de) * | 2004-05-06 | 2005-12-01 | Schott Ag | Thermisch hochbelastbarer Glaskeramik- oder Glaskörper dekoriert mit einer Metallikfarbe |
DE102005004068B4 (de) * | 2005-01-24 | 2008-01-17 | Schott Ag | Blei- und cadmiumfreies Glas und Verfahren zum Glasieren, Emaillieren und Dekorieren von Gläsern oder Glaskeramiken sowie Verwendung des Glases |
JP5092534B2 (ja) | 2007-01-12 | 2012-12-05 | 鳴海製陶株式会社 | 加熱調理器用ガラストッププレート及びその製造方法 |
JP4872803B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-25 | 2012-02-08 | 鳴海製陶株式会社 | 装飾層、それを設けた加熱調理器用ガラストッププレート、及び加熱調理器用ガラストッププレートの製造方法 |
-
2010
- 2010-01-05 FR FR1050031A patent/FR2954938B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-13 CN CN2010800606844A patent/CN102686525A/zh active Pending
- 2010-12-13 EP EP10801661.9A patent/EP2521698B1/fr active Active
- 2010-12-13 US US13/517,425 patent/US9822031B2/en active Active
- 2010-12-13 KR KR1020127017414A patent/KR101888701B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-12-13 CN CN201810052730.4A patent/CN108083632A/zh active Pending
- 2010-12-13 ES ES10801661T patent/ES2820453T3/es active Active
- 2010-12-13 WO PCT/FR2010/052683 patent/WO2011083231A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-12-13 JP JP2012547525A patent/JP5869495B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2521698B1 (fr) | 2020-07-08 |
CN102686525A (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
US9822031B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
JP2013516382A (ja) | 2013-05-13 |
ES2820453T3 (es) | 2021-04-21 |
US20120263957A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
FR2954938A1 (fr) | 2011-07-08 |
CN108083632A (zh) | 2018-05-29 |
KR20120115974A (ko) | 2012-10-19 |
WO2011083231A1 (fr) | 2011-07-14 |
FR2954938B1 (fr) | 2015-02-13 |
KR101888701B1 (ko) | 2018-08-14 |
EP2521698A1 (fr) | 2012-11-14 |
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