JP5866686B2 - 選択的視覚効果を有して層状に硬化可能な液状放射線硬化性樹脂およびその使用方法 - Google Patents
選択的視覚効果を有して層状に硬化可能な液状放射線硬化性樹脂およびその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5866686B2 JP5866686B2 JP2012550143A JP2012550143A JP5866686B2 JP 5866686 B2 JP5866686 B2 JP 5866686B2 JP 2012550143 A JP2012550143 A JP 2012550143A JP 2012550143 A JP2012550143 A JP 2012550143A JP 5866686 B2 JP5866686 B2 JP 5866686B2
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M methacrylate group Chemical group C(C(=C)C)(=O)[O-] CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007777 multifunctional material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RZFODFPMOHAYIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxepan-2-one;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.O=C1CCCCCO1 RZFODFPMOHAYIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002921 oxetanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XZUHEZIGAZNGJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1.OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZUHEZIGAZNGJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEBMZPLGDZQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-bis(4-phenylsulfanylphenyl)sulfanium Chemical compound C=1C=C([S+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(SC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 JEBMZPLGDZQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011417 postcuring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006903 response to temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003342 selenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OKYDCMQQLGECPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyrylium Chemical class C1=CC=[S+]C=C1 OKYDCMQQLGECPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AEOGRWUNSVGMMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgermane Chemical compound C[GeH](C)C AEOGRWUNSVGMMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/105—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers having substances, e.g. indicators, for forming visible images
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/002—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor using materials containing microcapsules; Preparing or processing such materials, e.g. by pressure; Devices or apparatus specially designed therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0037—Production of three-dimensional images
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/0026—Transparent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
Description
本発明は、積層造形プロセスを用いて三次元物品を形成する際に使用するのに好適な放射線硬化性樹脂に関する。
[0001]三次元物品を作製するための積層造形プロセスは、当該技術分野で公知である。積層造形プロセスでは、物体のコンピューター支援設計(CAD)データを利用して三次元部品が1層ずつ構築される。この三次元部品は、液状樹脂、粉末、または他の材料から形成可能である。
[0016]特許請求された本発明の第1の態様は、活性化温度を有する少なくとも1種の感熱性視覚効果開始剤を含む液状放射線硬化性樹脂を適切なイメージング放射線に晒して三次元物品を1層ずつ形成するとともに、同時に液状放射線硬化性樹脂の温度を選択的に制御して液状放射線硬化性樹脂の少なくとも1つの部分を感熱性視覚効果開始剤の活性化温度以上にすることにより三次元物品の少なくとも1つの選択的に着色されたおよび/または透明な領域を形成するようにすることを含む、少なくとも1つの選択的に着色されたおよび/または透明な領域を有する三次元物品の形成方法である。
光を用いて液状放射線硬化性樹脂の層を硬化させることにより硬化された固体高分子層を形成する工程と、
工程(a)から得られる硬化された固体高分子層、すでに硬化された固体高分子層、または液状放射線硬化性樹脂の層の選択された領域に工程(a)で使用したよりも高線量の光を照射することにより、より高線量の光が照射された領域の色除去および/または透明度変化を行う工程と、
選択的に着色されたおよび/または透明な領域を有する所望の三次元物品が形成されるまで、必要に応じて、すでに硬化された固体高分子層または液状放射線硬化性樹脂の層に対して工程(a)および(b)を反復する工程と、
を含み、
工程(a)および(b)のそれぞれの光の波長が同一であり、かつ工程(b)が工程(a)の前、その時、またはその後に実施可能である、
液状放射線硬化性樹脂から選択的な色および/または透明度の領域を有する三次元物品を形成する方法である。
a.少なくとも2つの異なる線量の光を用いて液状放射線硬化性樹脂の層を選択的に硬化させることにより選択的に着色されたおよび/または透明な領域を有する硬化された固体層を形成する工程と、
b.三次元物品を形成するために工程(a)から形成された少なくとも2つの硬化された固体層を並置する工程と、
を含む、液状放射線硬化性樹脂から選択的に着色されたおよび/または透明な領域を有する三次元物品を形成する方法である。
[0027]本出願は、2010年1月22日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/297467号および2010年10月12日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/392153号(両方ともそれらの全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられるものとする)に基づく優先権を主張する。
さらなる実施形態では、液状放射線硬化性組成物は、種々の感熱性視覚効果開始剤の混合物を含む。
三次元物品を形成するために非ハイブリッド系に照射を行った場合、形成された三次元物品は、望ましくない物理的性質を有する。ハイブリッド系は、優れた機械的性質を有する三次元物品を可能にする。積層造形プロセスで選択的着色が可能な積層造形用液状放射線硬化性樹脂の現状技術では、たとえば米国特許第6,133,336号明細書では、ハロクロミック成分を用いて選択的着色を引き起こす。ハロクロミック成分は、pHに基づいて色が変化させる。そのような成分は、適切に閉じ込められてカチオン重合時に存在する酸から遮蔽可能でないかぎり、ハイブリッド硬化系では効果的ではない。ハロクロミック成分が適切に閉じ込められていなければ、たとえば、酸に対して不浸透性のマイクロカプセル内に閉じ込められていなければ、カチオン光開始系から生成された酸は、ハロクロミック成分と反応してハロクロミック成分の色変化を引き起こすであろう。サーモクロミック成分は、特定の感光性着色剤またはハロクロミック着色剤よりもかなり酸に安定になるようにすることが可能であるので、ハイブリッド硬化系で機能しうる。一実施形態では、非ハイブリッド硬化系が使用される。他の実施形態では、ハイブリッド硬化系が使用される。一実施形態では、感熱性視覚効果開始剤は、液状放射線硬化性樹脂の重合時に生成された酸に応答していかなる有意な視覚色変化も視覚透明度変化も受けることはない。一実施形態では、感熱性視覚効果開始剤は、酸に対して不浸透性のマイクロカプセルを含む。他の実施形態では、感熱性視覚効果開始剤は、酸に対して実質的に不浸透性のマイクロカプセルを含む。
[00102]
およびそれらの任意の組合せである。
[00110]
[00111]
〔式中、アニオンMXnは、BF4、PF6、SbF6、AsF6、(C6F5)4B、ClO4、CF3SO3、FSO3、CH3SO3、C4F9SO3から選択され、かつArは、縮合環式または多環式のアレーンである〕
で示されるジ(シクロペンタジエニル鉄)アレーン塩化合物が挙げられる。
他の例示的なフェロセン型カチオン光開始剤としては、たとえば、(η6−カルバゾール)(η5−シクロペンタ−ジエニル)鉄ヘキサフルオロホスフェート塩、とくに[シクロペンタジエン−Fe−N−ブチルカルバゾール]ヘキサフルオロ−ホスフェート(C4−CFS PF6)および[シクロペンタジエン−Fe−N−オクチル−カルバゾール]ヘキサフルオロホスフェート(C8−CFS PF6)(それぞれC4およびC8アルキル鎖を窒素原子上に有する)(Polymer Eng.& Science(2009),49(3),613−618を参照されたい)、フェロセニウムジカチオン塩、たとえば、Chinese J.Chem.Engnrng(2008),16(5),819−822およびPolymer Bulltn(2005),53(5−6),323−331に開示されるビフェニルビス[(π−シクロペンタジエニル)鉄]ヘキサフルオロホスフェート([ビス(Cp−Fe)−ビフェニル](PF6)2)および直線状シクロペンタジエン−鉄−ビフェニルヘキサフルオロホスフェート([Cp−Fe−ビフェニル]+PF6−)、J Photochem.& Photobiology,A:Chemistry(2007),187(2−3),389−394およびPolymer Intnl(2005),54(9),1251−1255に開示されるシクロペンタジエニル−Fe−カルバゾールヘキサフルオロホスフェート([Cp−Fe−カルバゾール]+PF6−)、シクロペンタジエニル−Fe−n−エチルカルバゾールヘキサフルオロホスフェート([Cp−Fen−エチルカルバゾール]+PF6−)、およびシクロペンタジエニル−Fe−アミノナフタレンヘキサフルオロホスフェート([Cp−Fe−アミノナフタレン]+PF6−)、アルコキシ置換型フェロセニウム塩、たとえば、Chinese J.of Chem Engnrng(2006),14(6),806−809に開示される[シクロペンタジエン(cyclopendadien)−Fe−アニソール]PF6、[シクロペンタジエン(cyclopendadien)−Fe−アニソール]BF4、[シクロペンタジエン(cyclopendadien)−Fe−ジフェニルエーテル]PF6、[シクロペンタジエン(cyclo−pendadien)−Fe−ジフェニルエーテル]BF4、および[シクロペンタジエン(cyclopendadien)−Fe−ジエトキシ−ベンゼン]PF6)、シクロペンタジエン−鉄−アレーンテトラフルオロボレート、たとえば、Imaging Science J(2003),51(4),247−253に開示されるシクロペンタジエン−鉄−ナフタレンテトラフルオロボレート([Cp−Fe−Naph]BF4)塩、Ganguang Kexue Yu Guang Huaxue(2003),21(1),46−52に開示されるフェロセニルテトラフルオロボレート([Cp−Fe−CP]BF4)、Ganguang Kexue Yu Guang Huaxue(2002),20(3),177−184に開示される[CpFe](η6−tol)BF4、Int.J of Photoenergy(2009),Article ID 981065に開示されるフェロセニウム塩(η6−α−ナフトキシベンゼン)(η5−シクロペンタジエニル)鉄ヘキサフルオロホスフェート(NOFC−1)および(η6−β−ナフトキシベンゼン)(η5−シクロペンタジエニル)鉄ヘキサフルオロホスフェート(NOFC−2)、Progress in Organic Coatings(2009),65(2),251−256に開示される(η6−ジフェニル−メタン)(η5−シクロペンタ)鉄ヘキサフルオロホスフェートおよび(η6−ベンゾフェノン)(η5−シクロペンタ−ジエニル)鉄ヘキサフルオロホスフェート、Chem Comm (1999),(17),1631−1632に開示される[CpFe](η6−イソプロピル−ベンゼン)PF6、
ならびにそれらの任意の組合せが挙げられる。
ならびにそれらの任意の組合せが挙げられる。
[00116]
[00117]〔式中、R1〜2=F、R3=イソプロピル、R4=H、X=PF6〕
で示される化合物、米国特許第6,054,501号明細書に開示されるチオキサントン系スルホニウム塩、たとえば、式:
[00118]
で示されるもの、
[00119]米国特許第5,159,088号明細書に開示される型R3−xS+R3x A−〔式中、A−は、AsF6−などの非求核性アニオンであり、かつR3は、以下に示されるフェニル基:
[00120]
でありうる〕の(アシルオキシフェニル)スルホニウム塩、
[00121]米国特許第4,760,013号明細書に開示される9,10−ジチオフェノキシアントラセンアルキルジアリールスルホニウム塩、たとえば、エチルフェニル(9−チオフェノキシ−アントラセニル−10)スルホニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネートなど、米国特許第4,245,029号明細書に開示されるトリフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート塩、J Poly Sci,Part A(2003),41(16),2570−2587に開示されるS,S−ジメチル−S−(3,5−ジメチル−2−ヒドロキシフェニル)スルホニウム塩、J Photochem & Photobiology,A:Chemistry(2003),159(2),161−171に開示されるアントラセン結合スルホニウム塩、J Photopolymer Science & Tech (2000),13(1),117−118およびJ Poly Science,Part A(2008),46(11),3820−29に開示されるトリアリールスルホニウム塩、J Macromol Sci,Part A(2006),43(9),1339−1353に開示されるS−アリール−S,S−シクロアルキルスルホニウム塩、UV & EB Tech Expo & Conf,May 2−5,2004,55−69およびACS Symp Ser(2003),847,219−230に開示されるジアルキルフェナシルスルホニウム塩、ACS 224th Natnl Meeting,August 18−22,2002,POLY−726に開示されるジアルキル(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)スルホニウム塩およびその異性体ジアルキル(2−ヒドロキシフェニル)スルホニウム塩、ドデシル(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)メチルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートおよびドデシル以外の類似のアルキル類似体、ACS Polymer Preprints(2002),43(2),918−919に開示される、テトラヒドロ−1−(4−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)チオフェニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートおよびテトラヒドロ−1−(2−ヒドロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)チオフェニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、J Polymr Sci,Part A(2000),38(9),1433−1442に開示される一般構造Ar’S+CH3(C12H25)SbF6−〔式中、Ar’は、フェナシル(I)、2−インダノニル(II)、4−メトキシフェナシル(III)、2−ナフトイルメチル(IV)、1−アントロイルメチル(V)、または1−ピレノイルメチル(VI)である〕を有する光開始剤、J Polymr Sci,Part A(1996),34(16),3231−3253に開示される、BF4−、AsF6−、PF6−、およびSbF6−などの錯体金属ハロゲン化物アニオンとのトリアリールスルホニウムAr3S+MXn−塩、Macromolecules(1981),14(5),1141−1147に開示される、ジアルキルフェナシルスルホニウム塩およびジアルキル(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)スルホニウム塩、J.Polymr.Sci,Polymr Chem Edition(1979),17(4),977−99に開示される、トリアリールスルホニウム塩R2R1S+MFn−(R、R1=Phまたは置換フェニル、M=B、As、P、n=4または6)および式(I):
[00122]
で示されるスルホニウム塩、
[00123]特開2000−239648号公報に開示される、PF6−アニオンなどとの芳香族スルホニウム塩、たとえば、UVI6970、ならびにそれらの任意の組合せが挙げられる。
光を用いて液状放射線硬化性樹脂の層を硬化させることにより硬化された固体高分子層を形成する工程と、
工程(a)から得られる硬化された固体高分子層、すでに硬化された固体高分子層、または液状放射線硬化性樹脂の層の選択された領域に工程(a)で使用したよりも高線量の光を照射することにより、より高線量の光が照射された領域の色除去および/または透明度変化を行う工程と、
選択的に着色されたおよび/または透明な領域を有する所望の三次元物品が形成されるまで、必要に応じて、すでに硬化された固体高分子層または液状放射線硬化性樹脂の層に対して工程(a)および(b)を反復する工程と、
を含み、
工程(a)および(b)のそれぞれの光の波長が同一であり、かつ工程(b)が工程(a)の前、その時、またはその後に実施可能である、
液状放射線硬化性樹脂から選択的な色および/または透明度の領域を有する三次元物品を形成する方法である。
a.少なくとも2つの異なる線量の光を用いて液状放射線硬化性樹脂の層を選択的に硬化させることにより選択的に着色されたおよび/または透明な領域を有する硬化された固体層を形成する工程と、
b.三次元物品を形成するために工程(a)から形成された少なくとも2つの硬化された固体層を並置する工程と、
を含む、液状放射線硬化性樹脂から選択的に着色されたおよび/または透明な領域を有する三次元物品を形成する方法である。
[00158]いくつかの実施例の組成物は、0.3wt%のThermolock(登録商標)79s Pink to Clearを市販のSOMOS(登録商標)WaterClear(登録商標)Ultra10122液状放射線硬化性樹脂に添加し、次いで、一体化されるまでミキサーで約15分間混合することにより作製される。追加の比較例の組成物は、他の成分をなんら添加することなく、Huntsman Advanced Materialsから入手可能な市販のRenshape(登録商標)SL Y−C9300液状放射線硬化性樹脂を用いて作製される。三次元物品はすべて、これらの試験では保護クリアコートでコーティングしなかった。
[00161]透過度、ヘイズ、および透明度の測定値は、いくつかのサンプルでBYK−Gardner haze−gard plus(C光源を用いた0°拡散ジオメトリー)を用いて得られる。
透過度は、入射光に対する透過光の比であり、サンプルの吸収性および反射性により影響を受ける。ヘイズは、通過時に入射ビームから平均で2.5度超外れる光のパーセントとしてASTM D1003により定義される。透明度は狭角散乱光である。測定器および方法に関する追加情報は、QC Solutions for Coatings and Plastics 2005−2006,(著作権)2004 BYK−Gardner Instruments(参照により本明細書に組み入れられるものとする)に見いだしうる。
試験結果を表2に示す。透過、ヘイズ、または透明度に関する各報告値は、ランダムに選択された5つサンプル領域から得られた5つの読みを平均した結果である。透明部分のための理想的な結果は低いヘイズ値および高い透明度値である。着色部分の理想的な結果は、高いヘイズ値および低い透明度値である。
[00162]色の測定は、彩度計を用いて実施可能である。彩度計は、不透明な物品もしくは樹脂または透明もしくは半透明な物品もしくは樹脂のいずれかを測定するために使用可能である。
物品または樹脂が不透明である場合、物品または樹脂の色は、彩度計を用いて色を直接測定することにより使用可能である。しかしながら、物品または樹脂が透明または半透明である場合、測色は白色硫酸バリウムタイルバックグラウンドに対して行われる。
により計算される。3つの条件が試験される。対照条件では、サンプルは、布で包まれて暗い机の引出し内の暗色バッグ内に入れられる。蛍光灯条件では、サンプルは、標準25ワットオフィス蛍光灯(Trimline T8 F25T8 SP35)下に配置される。自然光条件では、サンプルは、東向き窓の敷居に配置される。サンプルの色およびコントラストの変化は、経時的に記録される。表3は、対照条件を表し、表4は蛍光灯条件を表し、かつ表5は自然光条件を表す。
Claims (11)
- 少なくとも1つの選択的に着色されたおよび/または透明な領域を有する三次元物品の形成方法であって、活性化温度を有する少なくとも1種の感熱性視覚効果開始剤を含む液状放射線硬化性樹脂をイメージング放射線に晒して三次元物品を1層ずつ形成するとともに、同時に前記液状放射線硬化性樹脂の温度を選択的に制御して前記液状放射線硬化性樹脂の少なくとも1つの部分を前記感熱性視覚効果開始剤の活性化温度以上にすることにより前記三次元物品の少なくとも1つの選択的に着色されたおよび/または透明な領域を形成するようにすることを含み、
前記液状放射線硬化性樹脂の温度が、少なくとも2つの異なる線量の光を前記液状放射線硬化性樹脂に選択的に照射することにより選択的に制御され、
少なくとも2つの異なる線量の光を生成するために、単一の光源が使用される、方法。 - 以下の工程、すなわち、
(a)液状放射線硬化性樹脂の層を形成する工程と、
(b)前記液状放射線硬化性樹脂の層を選択的に硬化させるとともに、前記液状放射線硬化性樹脂の温度を選択的に制御して少なくとも1つの選択的に着色されたおよび/または透明な領域を有する硬化された固体層を形成する工程と、
(c)工程(a)および(b)を十分な回数反復して三次元物品を構築するようにする工程と、
をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記液状放射線硬化性樹脂が、フリーラジカル重合性成分とフリーラジカル重合を開始可能な光開始系とを含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記液状放射線硬化性樹脂が、カチオン重合性成分とカチオン重合を開始可能な光開始系とを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記感熱性視覚効果開始剤が、約0.005wt%〜約5wt%の量で存在する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の感熱性視覚効果開始剤が、少なくとも1つのサーモクロミック成分を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記サーモクロミック成分が、マイクロカプセル内に閉じ込められた感熱性インクを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種の感熱性視覚効果開始剤が、少なくとも1種の感熱性透明度改質剤を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記感熱性透明度改質剤が熱膨張性マイクロスフェアを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記感熱性視覚効果が、前記液状放射線硬化性樹脂の重合時に生成された酸に応答して視覚色または視覚透明度の変化を受けることがない、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記液状放射線硬化性樹脂が少なくとも2種の感熱性視覚効果開始剤を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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