JP5862909B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5862909B2 JP5862909B2 JP2014167485A JP2014167485A JP5862909B2 JP 5862909 B2 JP5862909 B2 JP 5862909B2 JP 2014167485 A JP2014167485 A JP 2014167485A JP 2014167485 A JP2014167485 A JP 2014167485A JP 5862909 B2 JP5862909 B2 JP 5862909B2
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- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- mass
- electrode
- meth
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- Prior art date
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 55
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)C=C QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,4,4,5-hexamethylhexane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)S YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHNJXLWRTQNIPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(O)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C VHNJXLWRTQNIPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRCGLALFKDKSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(O)CCOC(=O)C=C JRCGLALFKDKSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MOYAFQVGZZPNRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terpinolene Chemical compound CC(C)=C1CCC(C)=CC1 MOYAFQVGZZPNRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- XBMOWLAOINHDLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;hydrogen phosphite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])[O-] XBMOWLAOINHDLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRRLFMPOAYZELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;hydrogen phosphite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])[O-] ZRRLFMPOAYZELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium metabisulfite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000010263 potassium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LROWVYNUWKVTCU-STWYSWDKSA-M sodium sorbate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C=C\C=C\C([O-])=O LROWVYNUWKVTCU-STWYSWDKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019250 sodium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid group Chemical group S(O)(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEKDEMKPCKTKEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCS GEKDEMKPCKTKEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USNDJVGIYZJHOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;dioxidophosphanyl phosphite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])OP([O-])[O-] USNDJVGIYZJHOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRAHLZAGPKKBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrasodium;dioxidophosphanyl phosphite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])OP([O-])[O-] KRAHLZAGPKKBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCPXQVVMIXIKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium;phosphite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])[O-] NCPXQVVMIXIKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKFLAYDHMOASIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-terpinene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CCC(C)=CC1 YKFLAYDHMOASIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Description
本発明の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物の一実施形態は、(A)スチレンブタジエン共重合体ラテックス、及びアクリルエマルジョンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種のポリマー水分散体(以下、「(A)成分」ともいう)100質量部(但し固形分として)と、(B)曇点が70℃以下の化合物(以下、「(B)成分」ともいう)1〜20質量部と、を含有するものである。以下、その詳細について説明する。
本実施形態の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物に含有される(A)成分は、(i)スチレンブタジエン共重合体ラテックス、及び(ii)アクリルエマルジョンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種のポリマー水分散体である。
スチレンブタジエン共重合体ラテックスは、通常の乳化重合法で合成されるものである。このスチレンブタジエン共重合体ラテックスに含まれるスチレンブタジエン共重合体は、脂肪族共役ジエン系単量体からなる構成単位と、芳香族ビニル化合物単量体からなる構成単位と酸成分を有するビニル単量体からなる構成単位よりなる共重合体である。脂肪族共役ジエン系単量体としては、1,3−ブタジエン、イソプレン、2−クロロ−1,3−ブタジエン、クロロプレン等を挙げることができる。これらの中でも、集電体との密着性向上の面で1,3−ブタジエンが好ましい。これらの脂肪族共役ジエン系単量体は、単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。スチレンブタジエン共重合体のブタジエン結合含量は、30〜85質量%であることが好ましく、30〜70質量%であることが更に好ましく、30〜60質量%であることが特に好ましい。ブタジエン結合含量が30質量%未満であると、集電体との密着性や電極の柔軟性が不足する傾向にある。一方、85質量%超であると、集電体との密着性が不足する傾向にある。
するためのカルボキシル基含有ビニル単量体を、全モノマーの0.1〜8質量%使用することが好ましく、0.5〜6質量%使用することが更に好ましく、1〜4質量%使用することが特に好ましい。カルボキシル基含有ビニル単量体の使用量が0.1質量%未満であると、集電体との密着性が不足する傾向にある。一方、8質量%超であると、活物質や導電性カーボンの表面が過度に被覆されてしまい、過電圧が上昇し易くなる傾向にある。カルボキシル基含有ビニル単量体の具体例としては、イタコン酸、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、フマル酸、マレイン酸等を挙げることができる。これらの中でも、重合安定性と分散安定性の点で、イタコン酸、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸が好ましい。なお、これらのカルボキシル基含有ビニル単量体は、単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
下し易くなる。バインダー性能の不足を補うためにバインダー組成物の使用量を増加すると、過電圧が上昇する傾向にあり、高特性の二次電池を得ることが困難になる。一方、スチレンブタジエン共重合体ラテックスのゲル含量が20質量%未満であると、電極を形成し加熱乾燥するときにポリマーフローが生じて活物質や導電性カーボンを過度に被覆してしまい、やはり過電圧が上昇する傾向にある。なお、ゲル含量の調整には、重合温度の調整、重合開始剤量の調整、重合転化率の調整、連鎖移動剤量の調整等の一般的な方法が採用される。
アクリルエマルジョンは、少なくとも(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、及び酸成分を有するビニル単量体から得られる共重合体を含有するものである。(メタ)アクリル酸エステルの具体例としては、メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、n−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソブチル(メタ)アクリレート、t−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、ペンチル(メタ)アクリレート、ヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ヘプチル(メタ)アクリレート、オクチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ノニル(メタ)アクリレート、デシル(メタ)アクリレート等を挙げることができる。これらの中でも、メチルメタクリレート、エチルメタクリレート、n−ブチルメタクリレート、n−ブチルアクリレート、ヘプチルアクリレート、オクチルアクリレート、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート、ノニルアクリレートが好ましく、メチルメタクリレート、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレートが更に好ましい。
メトキシシラン、3−メタクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン等のアルコシシラン基含有単量体を挙げることができる。
本実施形態の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物に含有される(B)成分は、曇点が70℃以下の化合物である。この(B)成分を含有させることにより、得られる二次電池電極用バインダー組成物の、集電体との密着性を向上させることができ、高温及び低温条件下であっても充放電サイクル特性に優れた二次電池を提供することが可能となる。ここで、本明細書にいう「曇点」とは、外見上透明な試料の水溶液を加熱して徐々にその温度を上昇させた場合に、試料が析出して水溶液が濁りはじめるときの温度をいう。曇点の具体的な測定方法を以下に説明する。先ず、測定対象となる試料の1質量%水溶液を調製する。図1に示すような、加温器1、温度計2、及び撹拌翼3を備えた測定装置4の容器5に、調製した水溶液6を100g入れる。次に、水溶液6が透明である(試料が十分に溶解されている)ことを確認できるまで、撹拌翼3を200rpmの回転速度で回転させながら加熱撹拌する。水溶液6が透明であることが確認できたら、撹拌翼3の回転速度を80rpmとし、加熱することにより1℃/1分の速度で温度上昇させ、乳状の不連続な相が現れる温度を「曇点」として測定する。
下する傾向にある。
剤、「アクアロンRS−20」(商品名(第一工業製薬社製))、「アデカリアソープNE−20」(商品名(旭電化工業社製))等の非イオン性反応性乳化剤を挙げることができる。これらは単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。上述してきた乳化剤を、単量体成分の100質量部に対して、0.2〜20質量部使用することが好ましい。
レントリアミン五酢酸、ヒドロキシエチルエチレンジアミン三酢酸等を挙げることができる。また、無機電解質としては、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸アンモニウム、硫酸ナトリウム、硫酸カリウム、硫酸アンモニウム等を挙げることができる。
次に、本発明の二次電池電極用スラリーの一実施形態について説明する。本実施形態の二次電池電極用スラリーは、これまで述べてきたいずれかの二次電池電極用バインダー組成物と、電極活物質とを含有するものである。なお、本実施形態の二次電池電極用スラリーは、二次電池電極用バインダー組成物と電極活物質とを、水性媒体中で、必要に応じて添加される各種添加剤とともに混合することにより、調製することができる。
次に、本発明の二次電池電極の一実施形態について説明する。本実施形態の二次電池電極は、集電材と、これまで述べてきた二次電池電極用スラリーが集電材の表面上に塗布及び乾燥されて形成された電極層とを備えたものである。
適に用いることができる。水系電池としてはニッケル水素電池負極、非水系電池としてはアルカリ二次電池負極やリチウムイオン電池負極等で優れた特性を発揮することができる。
撹拌機を備え、温度調節の可能なオートクレーブ中に、水400部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム1部、過硫酸カリウム1部、α−メチルスチレンダイマー0.5部、t−ドデシルメルカプタン1部、1,3−ブタジエン35部、スチレン27部、メタクリル酸メチル35部、イタコン酸1部、及びアクリル酸2部を一括して仕込み、60℃で12時間反応させた。なお、重合転化率は98%であった。10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液でpH7.5まで中和した後、水蒸気蒸留で残留モノマーを除去することにより、ポリマー水分散体A1を得た。ポリマー水分散体A1の平均粒子径は200nm、ゲル含量は80%、Tgは−3℃であった。
撹拌機を備え、温度調節の可能なセパラブルフラスコに、水400部、反応性乳化剤(商品名「アデカリアソープSR−10」(旭電化工業社製)0.5部、過硫酸ナトリウム0.3部、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート50部、スチレン27部、メタクリル酸メチル19部、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート2部、及びアクリル酸2部を一括して仕込み、80℃で6時間反応させた。なお、重合転化率99%であった。10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液でpH7.5まで中和して、ポリマー水分散体A2を得た。ポリマー水分散体A2の平均粒子径は150nm、ゲル含量は70%、Tgは−3℃であった。
ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(略称:PTFE)の水分散体として、ポリフロンPTFE D−1E(商品名、固形分61%、ダイキン工業社製)を用いた。
天然黒鉛(商品名「NC−C」(関西熱化学社製))100部、導電性カーボン(商品名「デンカブラック」(旭電化社製))5部、カルボキシメチルセルロース(ダイセル化学社製)1部、(A)成分としてポリマー水分散体A1を1部、及び(B)成分として商品名「エマルゲン1108」(花王社製)(曇点:66℃)を、(A)成分100質量部に対する量で5部使用し、スラリー固形分濃度が45%になるようにイオン交換水を加えて撹拌することにより、均一な電池電極用スラリーを調製した。厚さ18μmの銅箔表面上に、調製した電池電極スラリーをドクターブレード法によって均一に塗布した。120℃、15分間乾燥機で乾燥した後、更に真空乾燥機にて5mmHg、150℃で2時間減圧乾燥した。室温まで冷却した後、活物質密度が1.7g/cm3となるようにロールプレスして電池電極(負極)を得た。得られた負極のピール強度は108g/cmであった。
表1に示す配合処方としたこと以外は、上述した実施例1と同様の操作により、電池電極用スラリーを調製した。また、同じく上述した実施例1と同様の操作により、負極及び正極を得た。得られた負極のピール強度を表1に示す。更に、同じく上述した実施例1と同様の操作により、二次電池を作製した。作製した二次電池の各種物性値を表1に示す。なお、表1中、「エマルゲン1108(曇点:66℃)」、「エマルゲン109P(曇点:83℃)」はポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルの商品名(花王社製)、「アデカプルロニックL−62(曇点:32℃))」はポリオキシエチレンーポリオキシプロピレン縮合物の商品名(旭電化社製)である。「アデカトールLB−83(曇点:54℃)」はポリオキシエチレンーポリオキシプロピレンアルキルエーテルの商品名(旭電化社製)である。なお、「ポリN−イソプロピルアクリルアミド(曇点:32℃)」は、J.Macromol.Sci.Chem.,A2,1441(1968)に記載の方法に従って合成したものである。
Claims (4)
- (A)スチレンブタジエン共重合体並びに(メタ)アクリル酸エステル及び酸成分を有するビニル単量体から得られる共重合体からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種のポリマー100質量部、及び
(B)曇点が70℃以下の、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル誘導体、ポリオキシエチレン−ポリオキシプロピレン縮合物、及びポリオキシエチレン−ポリオキシプロピレンアルキルエーテル誘導体からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の非イオン系界面活性剤1〜20質量部、を含有する電極層を備えた二次電池負極と、
PVDFを含有する電極層を備えた正極と、を含むリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 前記二次電池負極が備える電極層が集電材の表面に形成された、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記集電材が銅箔である、請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記二次電池負極が備える電極層が、活物質として、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、及び黒鉛化メソフェーズカーボンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の黒鉛質材料を含有する、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
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