JP5849064B2 - コリウムおよび使用済み核燃料の安定化処理方法 - Google Patents
コリウムおよび使用済み核燃料の安定化処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 92
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 72
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 70
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010814 metallic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910013618 LiCl—KCl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052665 sodalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 59
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 58
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 58
- 239000011824 nuclear material Substances 0.000 description 52
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000010006 flight Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000439 uranium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001224 Uranium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001914 calming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010795 gaseous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- OOAWCECZEHPMBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);uranium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[U+4] OOAWCECZEHPMBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- FCTBKIHDJGHPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[U]=O FCTBKIHDJGHPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 uranium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/28—Selection of specific coolants ; Additions to the reactor coolants, e.g. against moderator corrosion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/42—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/42—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel
- G21C19/44—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel of irradiated solid fuel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/42—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel
- G21C19/44—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel of irradiated solid fuel
- G21C19/46—Aqueous processes, e.g. by using organic extraction means, including the regeneration of these means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/42—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel
- G21C19/44—Reprocessing of irradiated fuel of irradiated solid fuel
- G21C19/48—Non-aqueous processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
アノードアセンブリでは、酸化物イオンが酸素ガスに変換される。処理中は、それぞれのアノードアセンブリのアノードシュラウドを使用して、電解酸化物還元システムから酸素ガスを希釈、冷却、および除去することができる。このアノード反応は、次のように表すことができる。
金属酸化物は二酸化ウラン(UO2)とすることができ、還元生成物は金属ウランとすることができる。しかし、この電解酸化物還元システムでは、他のタイプの酸化物を対応する金属に還元させることもできることを理解されたい。同様に、電解酸化物還元システムで使用される溶融塩電解液は、特にこれに限定されるものではなく、還元させる酸化物供給物質に応じて変更することができる。
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Claims (18)
- 安定した廃棄物形態を得ることによりコリウムを安定化させる方法であって、
第1の溶融塩電解液、および前記コリウムを保持するように構成された還元装置カソードアセンブリを含む電解還元装置内へ、前記コリウムを装入するステップと、
前記電解還元装置の前記第1の溶融塩電解液内で前記コリウムを還元させて、前記還元装置カソードアセンブリ内で還元物質を得るステップと、
前記第1の溶融塩電解液内で還元装置廃棄物を蓄積させるステップと、
第2の溶融塩電解液、精錬装置カソードアセンブリ、および前記還元物質を保持するように構成された精錬装置アノードアセンブリを含む電解精錬装置内へ、前記還元物質を装入するステップと、
前記還元物質を前記電解精錬装置の前記第2の溶融塩電解液内で電解溶解させて、前記精錬装置カソードアセンブリ上で精製金属生成物を得るステップと、
前記第2の溶融塩電解液内で第1の精錬装置廃棄物を蓄積させ、前記精錬装置アノードアセンブリ内で第2の精錬装置廃棄物を蓄積させるステップと、
を含む方法。 - 前記電解還元装置内へ前記コリウムを装入する前記ステップが、前記コリウムおよび前記還元装置カソードアセンブリが水中にある間に、前記還元装置カソードアセンブリ内へ前記コリウムを配置するステップを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電解還元装置の前記第1の溶融塩電解液内で前記コリウムを還元させる前に、前記還元装置カソードアセンブリを脱水するステップをさらに含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記電解還元装置内へ前記コリウムを装入する前記ステップが、前記コリウムおよび前記還元装置カソードアセンブリが原子炉の既存のプール内に浸漬されている間に、前記還元装置カソードアセンブリ内へ前記コリウムを配置するステップを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の溶融塩電解液内で前記コリウムを還元させる前記ステップが、塩化リチウムの溶融塩槽内に前記コリウムを浸漬するステップを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 還元装置廃棄物を蓄積させる前記ステップが、第1族元素および第2族元素の少なくとも1つを含むハロゲン化合物を蓄積させるステップを伴う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の溶融塩電解液内で前記還元物質を電解溶解する前記ステップが、塩化リチウムまたはLiCl−KCl共融混合物の溶融塩槽内に前記還元物質を浸漬するステップを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1の精錬装置廃棄物を蓄積させる前記ステップが、前記第2の溶融塩電解液内で超ウラン元素を含むハロゲン化合物を蓄積させるステップを伴う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第2の精錬装置廃棄物を蓄積させる前記ステップが、前記精錬装置アノードアセンブリ内でジルコニウムおよび貴金属を蓄積させるステップを伴う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電解還元装置内へ前記コリウムを装入する前に、前記コリウムを複数の断片に分割するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記コリウムを分割する前記ステップが水中で実行される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記コリウムを分割する前記ステップが、前記コリウムが原子炉の既存のプール内に浸漬されている間に実行される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記電解還元装置からの前記還元装置廃棄物および前記電解精錬装置からの前記第1の精錬装置廃棄物をセラミックの廃棄物形態に変換するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- セラミックの廃棄物形態に変換する前記ステップが、ガラス方ソーダ石を得るステップを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記電解精錬装置からの前記第2の精錬装置廃棄物を金属の廃棄物形態に変換するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 金属の廃棄物形態に変換する前記ステップが、金属インゴットを得るステップを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記コリウムが炉心溶融中に形成され、原子炉を冷却するために海水が投入される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記コリウムは海塩を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/453,290 US8968547B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2012-04-23 | Method for corium and used nuclear fuel stabilization processing |
US13/453,290 | 2012-04-23 |
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JP2013224488A JP2013224488A (ja) | 2013-10-31 |
JP5849064B2 true JP5849064B2 (ja) | 2016-01-27 |
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US (1) | US8968547B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2657942B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5849064B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102098579B1 (ja) |
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US8945354B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2015-02-03 | Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc | Cathode scraper system and method of using the same for removing uranium |
JP6038585B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-12 | 2016-12-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 放射性物質の処理方法 |
US10375901B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2019-08-13 | Mtd Products Inc | Blower/vacuum |
CN109196596A (zh) | 2016-03-16 | 2019-01-11 | 伊恩·理查德·斯科特 | 将废弃的氧化铀燃料转化为熔盐反应堆燃料 |
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